BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based pipe shaft casing pipe construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based piping shaft casing pipe construction method, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring three-dimensional point cloud data of an internal structure of a piping shaft by utilizing laser scanning equipment, and converting the three-dimensional point cloud data into a BIM model through three-dimensional modeling software; restoring the existing pipeline layout in the BIM model by using a reverse engineering method; optimizing the casing design according to the prediction result, and simulating the installation process in the BIM model; generating a construction guide with an augmented reality mark; displaying superposition of the virtual model and the real environment through AR glasses; after the installation is completed, performing three-dimensional scanning by using laser scanning equipment, and comparing with original data to evaluate the precision; if it is found that the deviation exceeds a preset threshold value, simulating a repairing scheme through a BIM model and converting the repairing scheme into a field executable instruction; and finally, the sleeve is accurately adjusted through a customized fine adjustment tool until the deviation is controlled within a preset range, and repairing is completed. The problem that the pipeline and the wall surface are difficult to repair in a narrow space is solved, and the construction precision and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pipe well pipelines, and in particular relates to a pipe well casing construction method based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] In modern construction projects, pipe wells are one of the important infrastructures inside buildings, carrying out the layout and maintenance of various pipelines. However, laying and maintaining pipes in pipe wells in a small space often faces many challenges, especially when it is necessary to install casing to protect the pipes or repair the walls. Traditional construction methods often cannot guarantee construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] When installing pipe well casing in a small space, due to limited space, traditional construction methods make it difficult to accurately position and install the casing, which can easily lead to deviations during the construction process, thus affecting the normal use of the pipeline and the quality of wall repair. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pipe well casing construction method based on BIM, which not only improves the construction accuracy, but also greatly improves the construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipe and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficulty in pipe and wall repair in a small space.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a pipeline well casing construction method based on BIM, comprising the following steps:

[0006] a) using laser scanning equipment to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well, and converting the data into a BIM model through three-dimensional modeling software;

[0007] b) In the BIM model, the existing pipeline layout is restored using a reverse engineering method, and the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction is predicted;

[0008] c) optimizing the casing design using an adaptive algorithm based on the prediction results in step b) to ensure that it matches the deformed profile of the pipeline, and simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model;

[0009] d) during the simulation process of step c), the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm to adapt to the installation requirements in a small space;

[0010] e) using the BIM model adjusted in step d), generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings so that on-site construction workers can accurately locate and install the casing;

[0011] f) At the construction site, the construction guide in step e) is received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed and displayed to assist the construction personnel to accurately perform the installation operation;

[0012] g) After the installation is completed, the installed casing is scanned in three dimensions using the laser scanning device again, and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the installation accuracy;

[0013] h) according to the comparison result of step g), if it is found that the deviation exceeds the predetermined threshold, the repair plan is simulated by the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into an operational instruction executable on site;

[0014] i) Execute the operating instructions in step h) and use the customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the casing on site until the deviation is controlled within a predetermined range, thereby completing the repair of the pipeline and the wall.

[0015] Preferably, the data is converted into a BIM model by three-dimensional modeling software, including:

[0016] Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features;

[0017] Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed.

[0018] Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders and spheres, and the geometric features in the point cloud data are fitted by the RANSAC method, where the minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k are determined according to the feature type;

[0019] Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability of no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model;

[0020] Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify the difference areas;

[0021] Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method;

[0022] The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i :

[0023]

[0024] Among them, M j Represents a point on a geometric model;

[0025] For the identified difference areas, a multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used for local optimization to reduce the difference between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and update the geometric model;

[0026] Finally, the optimized geometric model is imported into the 3D modeling software to complete the creation of the BIM model of the pipeline well.

[0027] Preferably, the existing pipeline layout is restored using a reverse engineering method, including:

[0028] In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimension measurement of the pipeline and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model;

[0029] Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometry of pipeline features in the point cloud data with standard pipeline components to determine the location of the pipeline centerline; Dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipeline diameter and length, calculated from point-to-point distances in the point cloud data;

[0030]

[0031] Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe cross section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe cross section, P i is the coordinate of the point on the pipe section, r is the pipe wall thickness;

[0032] Based on the obtained pipeline system model, the pipeline material properties and environmental factors are analyzed to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities; the analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material;

[0033] Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads:

[0034] Where ΔL represents the change in the length of the pipeline, F is the external force acting on the pipeline, L is the length of the pipeline, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline;

[0035] Design preventive measures based on the predicted pipeline deformation, including but not limited to adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures or taking temporary reinforcement measures, implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan, and integrate them into the BIM model.

[0036] Preferably, simulating the installation process of the sleeve in the BIM model includes:

[0037] According to the predicted pipeline deformation in step b), the geometric shape of the casing is adjusted to ensure that the casing can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including but not limited to the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the casing;

[0038] The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR;

[0039] The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after the pipeline is deformed and the safety margin Δθ: θ=θm+Δθ;

[0040] In the BIM model, based on the adjusted casing geometry, the casing installation process is simulated, and the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages are evaluated through dynamic simulation analysis;

[0041] The casing design is optimized based on the analysis results and the optimized design is updated to the BIM model.

[0042] Preferably, the shape and size of the sleeve are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm, comprising:

[0043] During the simulation process of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipeline well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded;

[0044] According to the identified collision points, adjust the shape and size of the casing to eliminate the collision points and ensure that the casing can be smoothly installed in a narrow space; shape adjustment includes but is not limited to changing the bending radius and inclination angle of the casing; size adjustment includes but is not limited to appropriately increasing the outer diameter or reducing the inner diameter of the casing;

[0045] Based on the adjusted casing design, the simulated installation process was conducted again to verify the adaptability and stability of the casing;

[0046] Based on the verification results, continue to optimize the casing design, including but not limited to further adjusting the casing material, thickness or shape, until the casing can fully adapt to the installation requirements in a small space, and update the final design to the BIM model.

[0047] Preferably, generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings includes:

[0048] Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include but are not limited to the starting position, the ending position and the coordinates of the key points along the way of the casing;

[0049] Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated, which includes visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions included in the construction guide include but are not limited to the starting point and end point of the casing and key nodes that need to be paid attention to during the installation process;

[0050] At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, so that construction workers can view and follow the AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include but are not limited to tablets or smart phones for displaying AR markers and construction instructions;

[0051] Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing at the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

[0052] Preferably, receiving the construction guide in step e) through AR glasses includes:

[0053] The construction guide in step e) is transmitted to the AR glasses to ensure that the construction personnel can view the superposition effect of the virtual model and the actual environment in real time on site. The construction guide includes but is not limited to the visual indication of the starting position, the ending position and the installation path of the casing;

[0054] After wearing AR glasses, the construction workers confirm the exact installation position of the casing according to the construction guide and start installation preparation;

[0055] During the installation process, the construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed positions to ensure that every step in the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed in the AR glasses;

[0056] After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked through AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

[0057] Preferably, the installation accuracy is evaluated, including:

[0058] After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan on the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing;

[0059] Comparing the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the accuracy of casing installation;

[0060] Based on the comparison results, identify areas with large installation deviations and record the locations and deviation values ​​of these areas;

[0061] Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated and a decision is made as to whether adjustments are needed. If the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is required.

[0062] Preferably, the repair plan is simulated by a virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into on-site executable operation instructions, including:

[0063] According to the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required;

[0064] In the BIM model, design a repair plan for the areas that need to be repaired and simulate the repair process;

[0065] Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operation instructions, including but not limited to the tools, materials and specific steps required for the repair.

[0066] Preferably, the casing is precisely adjusted in the field using a custom fine-tuning tool, including:

[0067] According to the operating instructions in step h), prepare customized fine-tuning tools, which include but are not limited to fixtures and positioners for adjusting the position of the sleeve;

[0068] At the construction site, the casing is precisely adjusted according to the prepared fine-tuning tools and operating instructions until the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range;

[0069] During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation;

[0070] After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

[0071] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method proposed by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0072] The present invention uses laser scanning equipment to collect data on the internal structure of the pipeline well, and combines BIM technology for simulation and optimization, so that the design of the casing can accurately adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, and uses augmented reality (AR) technology to assist on-site construction personnel in precise installation. This method not only improves construction accuracy, but also greatly improves construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipeline and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficulty in repairing pipelines and walls in narrow spaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the pipeline well casing construction method based on BIM. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] The present invention provides Figure 1 A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method is shown, comprising the following steps:

[0076] a) Use laser scanning equipment to collect 3D point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well, and convert the data into a BIM model (Building Information Model) through 3D modeling software; use high-precision laser scanning equipment to fully scan the interior of the pipeline well and obtain 3D point cloud data. These data contain all the structural details inside the pipeline well, providing a basis for subsequent modeling.

[0077] Specifically, converting the data into a BIM model through three-dimensional modeling software further includes:

[0078] Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features;

[0079] Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed.

[0080] Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders and spheres. The RANSAC method is used to fit the geometric features in the point cloud data, where the minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k depend on the feature type; Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders and spheres. The RANSAC method is used to fit the geometric features in the point cloud data:

[0081] Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability of no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model;

[0082] Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify the difference areas;

[0083] Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method;

[0084] The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i :

[0085]

[0086] Among them, M j Represents a point on a geometric model;

[0087] For the identified difference areas, a multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used for local optimization to reduce the difference between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and the geometric model is updated. The multi-scale subdivision algorithm first refines the areas with large differences, improves the detail performance of the model by increasing the vertex density, and then gradually expands to the entire model to ensure overall consistency.

[0088] The optimized geometric model is imported into the 3D modeling software to complete the creation of the BIM model of the pipeline well. The model not only contains the detailed structural information inside the pipeline well, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0089] Through the above steps, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate pipeline well internal structure modeling method, which provides a solid foundation for the subsequent pipeline well casing construction. This method not only improves the construction accuracy, but also greatly improves the construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipeline and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficult pipeline and wall repair in a small space.

[0090] b) In the BIM model, the existing pipeline layout is restored using a reverse engineering method, and the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction is predicted;

[0091] Specifically, restoring the existing pipeline layout using the reverse engineering method further includes:

[0092] In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimension measurement of the pipeline and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model;

[0093] Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometry of pipeline features in the point cloud data with standard pipeline components to determine the location of the pipeline centerline; Dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipeline diameter and length, calculated from point-to-point distances in the point cloud data;

[0094]

[0095] Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe cross section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe cross section, Pi is the coordinate of the point on the pipe section, and r is the pipe wall thickness; by analyzing the connection point features in the point cloud data, the connection relationship between each pipe component is confirmed. This includes but is not limited to the location and type of elbows, tees, flanges and other connectors.

[0096] Based on the obtained pipeline system model, the pipeline material properties and environmental factors are analyzed to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities; the analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material;

[0097] Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads:

[0098] Where ΔL represents the change in the length of the pipeline, F is the external force acting on the pipeline, L is the length of the pipeline, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline;

[0099] Analyze various environmental factors that may be encountered during construction, such as soil pressure, heavy object placement, vibration, etc. These factors may cause the pipeline to be subjected to additional pressure or tension.

[0100] Design preventive measures based on the predicted pipeline deformation, including but not limited to adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures or taking temporary reinforcement measures, implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan, and integrate them into the BIM model.

[0101] Design preventive measures for predicted pipeline deformation, including:

[0102] Adjust the construction sequence: avoid heavy machinery operations near sensitive areas to reduce the impact of vibration.

[0103] Add support structure: Install brackets or supports under the pipeline to distribute the ground load and reduce the vertical displacement of the pipeline.

[0104] Take temporary reinforcement measures: Use reinforcement rings or external support belts to enhance the structural strength of the pipeline and resist external pressure.

[0105] Implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan: specify the specific implementation steps and time nodes of each preventive measure in the construction plan. Integrate into the BIM model: Integrate the specific implementation steps and time nodes of the preventive measures into the BIM model for the construction team to refer to and implement, ensuring the safety and stability of the pipeline system.

[0106] Through the above steps, the present invention not only improves the construction accuracy, but also greatly improves the construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipeline and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficulty in pipeline and wall repair in a small space.

[0107] c) Based on the prediction results in step b), the sleeve design is optimized using an adaptive algorithm to ensure that it matches the deformed profile of the pipeline, and the installation process of the sleeve is simulated in the BIM model; the sleeve geometry is adjusted using an adaptive algorithm to ensure that the sleeve can accurately adapt to the deformed profile of the pipeline. This precise adaptation reduces installation deviations caused by pipeline deformation and improves the success rate and stability of sleeve installation.

[0108] Specifically, simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model further includes:

[0109] According to the predicted pipeline deformation in step b), the geometric shape of the casing is adjusted to ensure that the casing can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including but not limited to the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the casing;

[0110] The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR;

[0111] The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after the pipeline is deformed and the safety margin Δθ: θ=θm+Δθ;

[0112] In the BIM model, based on the adjusted casing geometry, the casing installation process is simulated, and the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages are evaluated through dynamic simulation analysis; dynamic simulation analysis is performed in the BIM model to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages. This method enables the construction team to identify potential problems in advance and make optimization adjustments before actual construction, thereby reducing construction risks.

[0113] The casing design is optimized according to the analysis results, and the optimized design is updated to the BIM model. The casing design is continuously optimized according to the results of the simulation analysis to ensure that it can reach the best state in actual construction. In this way, not only can the number of adjustments during the construction process be reduced, but also the construction quality and efficiency can be improved.

[0114] Improve construction efficiency: By simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model, the construction team can become familiar with the entire process before actual construction, reducing on-site commissioning time and the possibility of rework, thereby significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0115] Ensure construction accuracy: The simulation process in the BIM model provides detailed visual guidance, enabling construction personnel to perform installation operations more accurately and ensure that the casing installation accuracy meets the design requirements, thereby ensuring the quality of pipe and wall repairs.

[0116] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate casing design and installation method, which solves the problem of difficult repair of pipes and walls in a small space through the combination of adaptive algorithm and BIM model, improves construction accuracy and efficiency, and ensures high-quality completion of the repair work.

[0117] d) During the simulation of step c), the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted through the real-time collision detection algorithm to adapt to the installation requirements in a small space; through real-time collision detection, the possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipeline well are identified, and the location and direction of these collision points are recorded. This method can detect potential installation obstacles in time and avoid installation failure or rework caused by collision.

[0118] Specifically, automatically adjusting the shape and size of the casing by a real-time collision detection algorithm further includes:

[0119] During the simulation process of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipeline well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded;

[0120] According to the identified collision points, the shape and size of the casing are adjusted to eliminate the collision points and ensure that the casing can be installed smoothly in a small space; shape adjustment includes but is not limited to changing the bending radius and inclination angle of the casing; size adjustment includes but is not limited to appropriately increasing the outer diameter or reducing the inner diameter of the casing; according to the identified collision points, the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted to eliminate the collision points. This automatic adjustment not only saves time for manual intervention, but also improves the accuracy and efficiency of the design. By adjusting the bending radius, inclination angle, outer diameter or inner diameter of the casing, it is ensured that the casing can be installed smoothly in a small space. This adaptive design enables the casing to be flexibly installed in a complex environment, reducing the difficulty of construction.

[0121] Based on the adjusted casing design, the simulated installation process is carried out again to verify the adaptability and stability of the casing. This method ensures that the casing can be stable and reliable during the actual installation process and reduces construction risks.

[0122] Based on the verification results, the casing design is further optimized, including but not limited to further adjusting the casing material, thickness or shape, until the casing can fully meet the installation requirements in a small space, and the final design is updated to the BIM model. Based on the verification results, the casing design is further optimized, including but not limited to further adjusting the casing material, thickness or shape, until the casing can fully meet the installation requirements in a small space. This continuous optimization process ensures the rationality of the final design and improves the success rate of construction.

[0123] Through real-time collision detection and automatic adjustment of design, the time for on-site commissioning and rework is reduced, significantly improving construction efficiency. The construction team can complete the installation task faster and reduce construction costs. Through multiple simulation verifications and optimized designs, the accuracy and quality of casing installation are ensured. This method not only improves construction quality, but also extends the service life of the pipeline system.

[0124] In summary, the present invention automatically adjusts the shape and size of the casing through a real-time collision detection algorithm, solves the problem of difficult casing installation in a narrow space, improves construction accuracy and efficiency, and ensures construction quality and safety.

[0125] e) Using the BIM model adjusted in step d), a construction guide with augmented reality marks is generated so that on-site construction personnel can accurately locate and install the casing; by converting the casing position information in the adjusted BIM model into augmented reality marks, construction personnel can view the starting position, end position and key point coordinates of the casing in real time. This precise positioning reduces human error and improves installation accuracy.

[0126] Specifically, generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings further includes:

[0127] Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include but are not limited to the starting position, the ending position and the coordinates of the key points along the way of the casing;

[0128] Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated, which includes visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions included in the construction guide include but are not limited to the starting point and end point of the casing and key nodes that need to be paid attention to during the installation process;

[0129] At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, so that construction workers can view and follow the AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include but are not limited to tablets or smart phones for displaying AR markers and construction instructions;

[0130] Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing at the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

[0131] f) At the construction site, the construction guide in step e) is received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed and displayed to assist the construction personnel to accurately perform the installation operation;

[0132] Specifically, receiving the construction guide in step e) through the AR glasses further includes:

[0133] The construction guide in step e) is transmitted to the AR glasses to ensure that the construction personnel can view the superposition effect of the virtual model and the actual environment in real time on site. The construction guide includes but is not limited to the visual indication of the starting position and ending position of the casing and its installation path; the generated construction guide contains the visual indication of the casing installation path, including the starting point and end point of the casing and the key nodes that need to be paid attention to during the installation process. This visual guidance enables the construction personnel to clearly understand the installation sequence and specific steps, reducing the uncertainty in the construction.

[0134] After wearing AR glasses, construction workers confirm the exact installation position of the casing according to the construction guide and start installation preparation; at the construction site, the construction guide is displayed through a mobile device (such as a tablet or smartphone), and construction workers can view and follow the AR marking instructions in real time. This real-time guidance ensures the continuity and accuracy of the construction process and avoids errors caused by information lag.

[0135] During the installation process, construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed position to ensure that each link in the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed in the AR glasses; through the combined use of AR markers and construction guides, construction workers are able to quickly locate and install the casing, reducing the time for on-site measurement and positioning, and significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0136] After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked through AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

[0137] Since the construction guide provides detailed installation paths and key node information, construction workers can accurately install the casing according to the guide, reducing rework caused by improper installation and reducing construction costs. The real-time positioning and visual guidance provided by AR technology ensure the accuracy and quality of casing installation, reduce errors caused by human factors, and improve the overall quality of the pipeline system. Construction workers can share construction guides and AR markers through mobile devices, which enhances collaboration and communication between team members and ensures coordination and consistency during the construction process.

[0138] g) After the installation is completed, the installed casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device, and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the installation accuracy; By using the laser scanning device to scan the installed casing in three dimensions, the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing is obtained, and compared with the original point cloud data, the accuracy of the casing installation can be accurately evaluated. This method ensures that the position of the installed casing is highly consistent with the designed position, improving the quality of the project.

[0139] Specifically, evaluating the installation accuracy further includes:

[0140] After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan on the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing;

[0141] The obtained 3D point cloud data of the installed casing is compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the accuracy of the casing installation; through the comparison results, the areas with large installation deviations can be identified, and the positions and deviation values ​​of these areas can be recorded. This method enables the construction team to quickly locate the areas that need adjustment and avoid blind rework.

[0142] According to the comparison results, the areas with large installation deviations are identified, and the locations and deviation values ​​of these areas are recorded; the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated through the recorded deviation values ​​to ensure that the installation accuracy meets the predetermined standards. This method avoids quality problems caused by installation deviations and improves the overall quality of the pipeline system.

[0143] Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated and a decision is made as to whether adjustments are needed; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is required. This method ensures that even if deviations occur during the installation process, they can be discovered in time and measures can be taken to make adjustments, avoiding greater rework and repair work at a later stage.

[0144] After the installation is completed, the installation accuracy is evaluated by using laser scanning equipment to perform 3D scanning and comparing it with the original point cloud data, thus ensuring the high precision and high quality of the casing installation, improving construction efficiency, reducing rework costs, and enhancing the overall management level of the project.

[0145] h) According to the comparison results of step g), if the deviation is found to exceed the predetermined threshold, the repair plan is simulated through the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into an on-site executable operation instruction; by evaluating the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation can be accurately judged to determine whether repair is needed. This method ensures that only areas that really need repair are processed, avoiding unnecessary rework.

[0146] Specifically, simulating the repair plan through the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converting it into on-site executable operation instructions further includes:

[0147] According to the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required;

[0148] In the BIM model, for the areas that need to be repaired, a repair plan is designed and the repair process is simulated; in the BIM model, for the areas that need to be repaired, a repair plan is designed and the repair process is simulated. This method makes the design of the repair plan more scientific and reasonable, ensuring the effectiveness and feasibility of the repair plan.

[0149] Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operating instructions, including but not limited to the tools, materials and specific steps required for the repair. Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operating instructions, including the tools, materials and specific steps required for the repair. This method ensures that construction personnel can carry out the repair work according to detailed instructions and reduces secondary deviations caused by improper operation. By simulating the repair plan with the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converting it into on-site executable operating instructions, it ensures that the casing installation accuracy meets the requirements, improves the repair efficiency and quality, reduces the rework cost, and enhances the overall management level of the project.

[0150] i) Execute the operation instructions in step h) and use the customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the sleeve on site until the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range, thereby completing the repair of the pipeline and the wall. The customized fine-tuning tool can accurately adjust the position of the sleeve to ensure that the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range. This method improves the accuracy of adjustment and reduces the error caused by manual operation.

[0151] Specifically, the precise adjustment of the casing on site using a customized fine-tuning tool further includes:

[0152] According to the operating instructions in step h), a customized fine-tuning tool is prepared, and the fine-tuning tool shall include but is not limited to a clamp and a positioner for adjusting the position of the casing; at the construction site, the casing is precisely adjusted according to the operating instructions using the prepared fine-tuning tool until the deviation is controlled within a predetermined range;

[0153] According to the operating instructions in step h), prepare customized fine-tuning tools, including but not limited to fixtures and positioners for adjusting the position of the casing. These tools make on-site operations more convenient and efficient, and reduce the time required for adjustment. During the adjustment process, the position and deviation value of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation. This method makes the adjustment process more controllable, reduces repeated adjustments, and improves adjustment efficiency.

[0154] During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation;

[0155] After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

[0156] Through continuous monitoring and precise adjustment, the position deviation of the casing is controlled within the predetermined range. This method improves the accuracy of adjustment and ensures that the final installation results meet the design requirements. Through precise adjustment and real-time monitoring, the casing installation accuracy is ensured to meet the predetermined standards, which improves the construction quality and reduces the quality problems caused by installation deviation. Through precise adjustment and verification, rework caused by installation deviation is reduced, construction costs are reduced, and the overall project progress is improved.

[0157] In summary, the present invention uses laser scanning equipment to collect data on the internal structure of the pipeline well, and combines BIM technology for simulation and optimization, so that the design of the casing can accurately adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, and uses augmented reality (AR) technology to assist on-site construction personnel in precise installation. This method not only improves construction accuracy, but also greatly improves construction efficiency and ensures the quality of pipeline and wall repair.

[0158] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pipeline well casing construction method based on BIM, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) using laser scanning equipment to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well, and converting the data into a BIM model through three-dimensional modeling software; b) In the BIM model, the existing pipeline layout is restored using a reverse engineering method, and pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction is predicted; c) optimizing the casing design using an adaptive algorithm based on the prediction results in step b) to ensure that it matches the deformed profile of the pipeline, and simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model; d) during the simulation process of step c), the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm to adapt to the installation requirements in a small space; e) using the BIM model adjusted in step d), generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings so that on-site construction workers can accurately locate and install the casing; f) At the construction site, the construction guide in step e) is received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed and displayed to assist the construction personnel to accurately perform the installation operation; g) After the installation is completed, the installed casing is scanned in three dimensions using the laser scanning device again, and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the installation accuracy; h) according to the comparison result of step g), if it is found that the deviation exceeds the predetermined threshold, the repair plan is simulated by the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into an operational instruction executable on site; i) Execute the operating instructions in step h) and use the customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the casing on site until the deviation is controlled within a predetermined range, thereby completing the repair of the pipeline and the wall.

2. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data is converted into a BIM model using 3D modeling software, including: Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features; Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed. Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders and spheres, and the geometric features in the point cloud data are fitted by the RANSAC method, where the minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k are determined according to the feature type; Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability of no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model; Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify the difference areas; Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method; The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i : Among them, M j Represents a point on a geometric model; For the identified difference areas, a multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used for local optimization to reduce the difference between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and update the geometric model; Finally, the optimized geometric model is imported into the 3D modeling software to complete the creation of the BIM model of the pipeline well.

3. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reverse engineering methods are used to restore existing piping layouts, including: In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimension measurement of the pipeline and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model; Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometry of pipe features in the point cloud data with standard pipe components to determine the location of the pipe centerline; Dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipe diameter and length, calculated from point-to-point distances in the point cloud data; Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe cross section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe cross section, P i is the coordinate of the point on the pipe section, r is the pipe wall thickness; Based on the obtained pipeline system model, the pipeline material properties and environmental factors are analyzed to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities; the analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material; Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads: Where ΔL represents the change in the length of the pipeline, F is the external force acting on the pipeline, L is the length of the pipeline, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline; Design preventive measures based on the predicted pipeline deformation, including but not limited to adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures or taking temporary reinforcement measures, implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan, and integrate them into the BIM model.

4. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The installation process of the casing is simulated in the BIM model, including: According to the predicted pipeline deformation in step b), the geometric shape of the casing is adjusted to ensure that the casing can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including but not limited to the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the casing; The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR; The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after the pipeline is deformed and the safety margin Δθ: θ=θm+Δθ; In the BIM model, based on the adjusted casing geometry, the casing installation process is simulated, and the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages are evaluated through dynamic simulation analysis; The casing design is optimized based on the analysis results and the optimized design is updated to the BIM model.

5. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Automatically adjust the shape and size of the casing through real-time collision detection algorithms, including: During the simulation process of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipeline well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded; According to the identified collision points, adjust the shape and size of the casing to eliminate the collision points and ensure that the casing can be smoothly installed in a small space; shape adjustment includes but is not limited to changing the bending radius and inclination angle of the casing; size adjustment includes but is not limited to appropriately increasing the outer diameter or reducing the inner diameter of the casing; Based on the adjusted casing design, the simulated installation process was conducted again to verify the adaptability and stability of the casing; Based on the verification results, continue to optimize the casing design, including but not limited to further adjusting the casing material, thickness or shape, until the casing can fully adapt to the installation requirements in a small space, and update the final design to the BIM model.

6. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Generate construction instructions with augmented reality markers, including: Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include but are not limited to the starting position, the ending position and the coordinates of the key points along the way of the casing; Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated, which includes visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions included in the construction guide include but are not limited to the starting point and end point of the casing and key nodes that need to be paid attention to during the installation process; At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, so that construction workers can view and follow the AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include but are not limited to tablets or smart phones for displaying AR markers and construction instructions; Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing at the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

7. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Receive the construction instructions in step e) through AR glasses, including: The construction guide in step e) is transmitted to the AR glasses to ensure that the construction personnel can view the superposition effect of the virtual model and the actual environment in real time on site. The construction guide includes but is not limited to the visual indication of the starting position, the ending position and the installation path of the casing; After wearing AR glasses, the construction workers confirm the exact installation position of the casing according to the construction guide and start installation preparation; During the installation process, the construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed positions to ensure that every step in the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed in the AR glasses; After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked through AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

8. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Evaluate installation accuracy, including: After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan on the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing; Comparing the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the accuracy of casing installation; Based on the comparison results, identify areas with large installation deviations and record the locations and deviation values ​​of these areas; Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated and a decision is made as to whether adjustments are needed. If the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is required.

9. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The virtual repair module in the BIM model simulates the repair plan and converts it into on-site executable operation instructions, including: According to the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required; In the BIM model, design a repair plan for the areas that need to be repaired and simulate the repair process; Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operation instructions, including but not limited to the tools, materials and specific steps required for the repair.

10. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Utilize custom fine-tuning tools to make precise adjustments to the bushing in the field, including: According to the operating instructions in step h), prepare customized fine-tuning tools, which include but are not limited to fixtures and positioners for adjusting the position of the sleeve; At the construction site, the casing is precisely adjusted according to the prepared fine-tuning tools and operating instructions until the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range; During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation; After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

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