Tunnel self-adaptive intelligent steel supporting mechanism and topological optimization method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel self-adaptive intelligent steel supporting mechanism and a topological optimization method thereof.The tunnel self-adaptive intelligent steel supporting mechanism comprises a steel supporting body, an expansion supporting assembly and a control assembly, the steel supporting body comprises a plurality of deformation supporting unit frames, and the deformation supporting unit frames are welded through assembly bolts to form the steel supporting body; the outer edges of the deformation supporting unit frames make contact with surrounding rock through reinforcing meshes, the expanding and supporting assemblies are movably connected with the sides, close to the surrounding rock, of the deformation supporting unit frames in an inserted mode through the adjusting assemblies, and when the steel supporting main body is designed, assembling construction is conducted through the deformation supporting unit frames with the expanding and supporting assemblies and the control assemblies. The shape of the steel support main body is changed through the expanding and supporting plate, reinforcing and supporting of surrounding rock in a tunnel are achieved, the safety and stability of construction are improved, meanwhile, the structural design is optimized, the supporting efficiency and quality are improved, the later maintenance material cost and difficulty are reduced, manual intervention is reduced, and the construction period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism and a topology optimization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are a common underground building structure. In tunnel engineering, as the excavation goes deeper, the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is the key to construction safety and engineering quality. Therefore, in the process of tunnel excavation, the surrounding rock needs to be supported and treated in a timely manner.

[0003] Traditional steel support structures often adopt a fixed design. The rigid support structure is manufactured in advance and then erected on-site after being transported to the tunnel to support the surrounding rock. However, with the continuous excavation and construction of the tunnel, the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel will change dynamically, resulting in poor support effect or serious waste of materials for the traditional lever support mechanism, posing certain safety risks. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism and a topology optimization method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism, the tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism comprising:

[0006] A steel support body, wherein the steel support body comprises a plurality of deformable support unit frames, wherein the plurality of deformable support unit frames are welded together by assembling bolts to form the steel support body, and the outer edges of the deformable support unit frames are in contact with the surrounding rock through a steel mesh;

[0007] An expansion support component, wherein the expansion support component is movably plugged into a side of a deformable support unit frame close to the surrounding rock through an adjustment component, the expansion support component includes an expansion support plate, the adjustment component includes a first support frame and a second support frame, a welding installation frame is inserted and welded in the deformable support unit frame, and the first support frame and the second support frame are movably plugged into the welding installation frame;

[0008] The control component is arranged at the lower end of the welding installation frame. The control component includes a control screw and a lifting seat, and the two sides of the lifting seat are respectively connected to the first support frame and the second support frame.

[0009] Preferably, the deformable support unit frame is an I-shaped steel structure, and several deformable support unit frames are bent arc structures of equal size. A welding groove is opened in the center of the web of the deformable support unit frame, and the welding installation frame is horizontally welded in the welding groove. A cross connecting shaft is horizontally arranged in the center of the welding installation frame. The first support frame and the second support frame are cross-plugged, and the cross positions of the first support frame and the second support frame are respectively movably connected to the cross connecting shaft.

[0010] Preferably, a pushing frame is provided at the lower end of the expansion plate, and two guide slide rods are horizontally symmetrically provided on both sides of the pushing frame, and sliders are respectively provided on both sides of the two guide slide rods for common sliding, and the lower ends of the two sliders are horizontally provided with a first connecting shaft, and the first support frame and the second support frame pass through the upper end of the welding installation frame and are respectively movably connected to the two first connecting shafts.

[0011] Preferably, the first supporting frame and the second supporting frame are both horizontally provided with a third connecting shaft at the lower end that passes through the welding installation frame, and a pulling frame is movably sleeved on the two third connecting shafts. A pulling frame is welded on the lower end of the welding installation frame, and a control screw is vertically inserted in the pulling frame through a bearing. The control screw is sleeved with a lifting seat through a thread, and second connecting shafts are symmetrically provided on both sides of the lifting seat, and two second connecting shafts are movably sleeved on one side of the two pulling frames away from the third connecting shaft.

[0012] Preferably, a disc groove is opened at the center of the lower end of the control mounting frame, the lower end of the control screw rod is inserted into the disc groove and is provided with a positioning disc, and a prismatic joint is provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning disc.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of positioning grooves are symmetrically provided on the outer circumference of the positioning disk, a receiving groove is provided on one side of the disk groove, a positioning block is movably inserted in the receiving groove, one side of the positioning block is movably inserted into one side positioning groove of the positioning disk, and both side surfaces of the positioning block and the positioning groove are inclined surfaces.

[0014] Preferably, a spring groove is provided on one side of the control mounting frame close to the receiving groove, a spring rod is horizontally movably inserted between the receiving groove and the spring groove, and the spring rod is placed on one side of the receiving groove and connected to the positioning block.

[0015] Preferably, a pressure plate is provided on one side of the spring rod placed in the spring groove, and a support spring is sleeved on one side of the spring rod located on the pressure plate.

[0016] Preferably, one side of the spring rod passes through the spring groove and one side of the control mounting frame, and the control mounting frame is provided with a threaded ring on the side through which the spring rod passes, and the threaded ring is provided with a limiting cap through a threaded sleeve, and when the positioning block is inserted into the positioning groove, one side of the spring rod abuts against the limiting cap.

[0017] A topology optimization method using a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Establish an initial model. Use computer-aided design software to build a detailed three-dimensional model of the steel support structure based on tunnel design parameters and surrounding rock conditions.

[0019] Step 2: Define design variables and constraints, and clarify the design variables and constraints in the topology optimization process.

[0020] Step 3: Topology optimization analysis. Use professional topology optimization software to perform multiple rounds of iterative calculations on the initial model. During the optimization process, the software will automatically remove the material parts that contribute less to the structural performance, while strengthening the key stress areas. By continuously adjusting the design variables and constraints, the optimal material distribution solution is found.

[0021] Step 4: Result verification and optimization. Perform finite element analysis on the topology optimized model to ensure that it meets all design requirements and constraints. If it does not meet the requirements, return to adjust the design variables and constraints and re-optimize the analysis. At the same time, combine experimental data and engineering experience to further verify and optimize the optimization results, and finally obtain a steel support design with an efficient topological structure.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] When designing the main body of the steel support, several deformable support unit frames with expansion components and control components are assembled and constructed. During the construction of the tunnel project, the shape of the main body of the steel support is changed by the expansion plate to achieve enhanced support for the surrounding rock in the tunnel, improve the safety and stability of the construction, and at the same time optimize the design of the structure, improve the support efficiency and quality, reduce the cost and difficulty of later maintenance materials, reduce manual intervention, and shorten the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of part A;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deformable support unit frame structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the deformable support unit frame structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part B;

[0029] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the C part;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the welding installation frame connection structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the first support frame and the second support frame of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the welding installation frame and the deformable support unit frame of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 This is a logical schematic diagram of the de-topology optimization of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: steel support body 1, deformable support unit frame 2, welding installation frame 3, cross connecting shaft 4, first support frame 5, second support frame 6, expansion support plate 7, push frame 8, guide slide rod 9, slider 10, first connecting shaft 11, control mounting frame 12, control screw 13, lifting seat 14, second connecting shaft 15, third connecting shaft 16, pulling frame 17, positioning plate 18, prismatic joint 19, positioning groove 20, storage groove 21, spring groove 22, spring rod 23, positioning block 24, support spring 25, limit cap 26. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please see attached Figure 1-10 , this application provides the following technical solutions.

[0037] Embodiment 1: A tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism comprises a steel support body 1, wherein the steel support body 1 comprises a plurality of deformable support unit frames 2, wherein the plurality of deformable support unit frames 2 are welded together to form the steel support body 1 by assembling bolts, and the outer edges of the deformable support unit frames 2 are in contact with the surrounding rock through a steel mesh, and the steel support body 1 is assembled by the deformable support unit frames 2, so that it is convenient to prefabricate and control the quality in advance;

[0038] An expansion support component is set to optimize the support for the position that needs support. The deformable support unit frame 2 provided with the expansion support component can select the corresponding number according to the measurement of the surrounding rock and the estimated risk. The expansion support component is movably plugged into the side of the deformable support unit frame 2 close to the surrounding rock through the adjustment component. The expansion support component includes an expansion support plate 7, and the adjustment component includes a first support frame 5 and a second support frame 6. A welding installation frame 3 is inserted and welded in the deformable support unit frame 2. The first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 are movably inserted in the welding installation frame 3. The deformable support unit frame 2 is an I-shaped steel structure, and several deformable support unit frames 2 are equal-sized bent arc structures. A welding groove is opened in the center of the web of the deformable support unit frame 2, and the welding installation frame 3 is horizontally welded in the welding groove. A cross-connecting shaft 4 is horizontally provided in the center of the welding installation frame 3. The first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 are cross-connected, and the cross position of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 is respectively movably sleeved on the cross-connecting shaft 4. The first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 can be cross-rotated through the cross-connecting shaft 4;

[0039] A push frame 8 is provided at the lower end of the expansion support plate 7, and two guide slide rods 9 are horizontally symmetrically provided on both sides of the push frame 8. Slide blocks 10 are respectively provided on both sides of the two guide slide rods 9 for common sliding movement. The lower ends of the two slide blocks 10 are both horizontally provided with first connecting shafts 11, and the upper ends of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 that penetrate the welded installation frame 3 are respectively movably sleeved with the two first connecting shafts 11. When the two first support frames 5 cross and move, the upper ends of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 can push the expansion support plate 7 to lift, thereby improving the supporting strength of the expansion support plate 7 to the surrounding rock;

[0040] A control component is set to control the activities of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6. The control component is set at the lower end of the welding installation frame 3. The control component includes a control screw 13 and a lifting seat 14, and the two sides of the lifting seat 14 are respectively connected to the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6. The first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 pass through the lower end of the welding installation frame 3 and are horizontally provided with a third connecting shaft 16. The two third connecting shafts 16 are movably sleeved with a pulling frame 17. The lower end of the welding installation frame 3 is welded with a pulling frame 17. The control screw 13 passes through the shaft The bearing is vertically inserted in the pulling frame 17, and the control screw 13 is provided with a lifting seat 14 through a threaded sleeve. The two sides of the lifting seat 14 are symmetrically provided with second connecting shafts 15, and the two pulling frames 17 are respectively movably sleeved with two second connecting shafts 15 on one side away from the third connecting shaft 16. When the lifting seat 14 is lifted by the thread of the control screw 13, the lifting seat 14 pulls the two pulling frames 17 to control the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 to move to the position of the control mounting frame 12, so that the upper ends of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 move relatively;

[0041] A disk groove is opened at the center of the lower end of the control mounting frame 12, and the lower end of the control screw 13 is inserted into the disk groove and is provided with a positioning disk 18, and a prismatic joint 19 is provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning disk 18. The prismatic joint 19 is used to connect the output shaft of the high-torque motor. The high-torque motor can be installed on the lower end of the control mounting frame 12 by bolts to drive the control screw 13 to rotate.

[0042] In this embodiment: the control screw 13 is driven to rotate by a high-torque motor, and at this time the control screw 13 controls the lifting seat 14 to rise, and then the lifting seat 14 pulls the lower ends of the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 toward the control mounting frame 12 through the pulling frame 17. While the first support frame 5 and the second support frame 6 rotate along the cross-connecting shaft 4, the upper end pulls the slider 10 to slide above the guide slide rod 9, and then the expansion support plate 7 is lifted to strengthen the support for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0043] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the rotation of the control screw 13 is locked, a plurality of positioning grooves 20 are symmetrically opened on the outer peripheral side of the positioning disk 18, a receiving groove 21 is opened on one side of the disk groove, a positioning block 24 is movably inserted in the receiving groove 21, one side of the positioning block 24 is movably inserted in the positioning groove 20 on one side of the positioning disk 18, and both sides of the positioning block 24 and the positioning groove 20 are inclined surfaces, a spring groove 22 is opened on one side of the control mounting frame 12 near the receiving groove 21, and the receiving groove 21 and the spring groove 22 are interlocked. A spring rod 23 is provided in a horizontal movable connection, and one side of the spring rod 23 is placed in the storage groove 21 and connected to the positioning block 24. A pressure plate is provided on one side of the spring rod 23 placed in the spring groove 22, and a support spring 25 is sleeved on one side of the pressure plate of the spring rod 23. When the control screw 13 rotates normally to control the lifting seat 14 to rise, the inclined surface of the positioning groove 20 pushes the positioning block 24 to squeeze the support spring 25 and retract into the storage groove 21, and at the same time, the positioning block 24 automatically inserts into the positioning groove 20 after reaching the position of the next positioning groove 20;

[0044] One side of the spring rod 23 passes through the spring groove 22 and one side of the control mounting frame 12. The control mounting frame 12 is provided with a threaded ring on the side through which the spring rod 23 passes. The threaded ring is provided with a limiting cap 26 through a threaded sleeve. When the positioning block 24 is inserted into the positioning groove 20, one side of the spring rod 23 abuts against the limiting cap 26. When the limiting cap 26 abuts against the spring rod 23, the positioning block 24 cannot be separated from the positioning groove 20. At this time, the control screw 13 cannot rotate, and the position of the expansion plate 7 is kept immovable. At this time, the high-torque motor can be dismantled for turnover.

[0045] A topology optimization method using a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Establish an initial model. Use computer-aided design software such as SolidWorks and ANSYS to establish a detailed three-dimensional model of the steel support structure based on tunnel design parameters and surrounding rock conditions. The model should include all key components and detailed features.

[0047] Step 2: Define design variables and constraints, clarify the design variables in the topology optimization process, such as the location of the support nodes, the cross-sectional dimensions of the support rods, the distribution of materials, etc., and the constraints, such as mechanical performance requirements such as strength, stiffness, stability, and practical constraints such as construction convenience and cost control;

[0048] Step 3: Topology optimization analysis: Use professional topology optimization software, such as Altair OptiStruct, ANSYS Topology Optimization, etc., to perform multiple rounds of iterative calculations on the initial model. During the optimization process, the software will automatically remove the material parts that contribute less to the structural performance, while strengthening the key stress-bearing areas. By continuously adjusting the design variables and constraints, the optimal material distribution solution is found;

[0049] Step 4: Result verification and optimization. Perform finite element analysis on the topology optimized model to ensure that it meets all design requirements and constraints. If it does not meet the requirements, return to adjust the design variables and constraints and re-optimize the analysis. At the same time, combine experimental data and engineering experience to further verify and optimize the optimization results, and finally obtain a steel support design with an efficient topological structure.

[0050] Select high-precision and high-reliability sensor components and arrange them at key positions of the steel support body 1 according to the predetermined plan. At the same time, design the hardware and software parts of the intelligent control system to ensure that it can receive sensor data, perform real-time analysis and processing, and issue control instructions;

[0051] According to the optimized design, the components of the steel support body 1 are manufactured, and their quality is ensured to meet the relevant standards and requirements. The pre-installation preparation work is carried out at the tunnel construction site, including on-site investigation, measurement and layout, foundation treatment, etc., and the installation work is carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures to ensure the quality and safety of the installation.

[0052] During the tunnel construction process, the steel support body 1 is debugged on site and its operation is monitored. The deformation of the surrounding rock is monitored in real time through the intelligent control system and the support state is adjusted according to the monitoring results to ensure that the steel support body 1 can adapt to the tunnel deformation and achieve effective support. At the same time, the operation status data of the steel support mechanism is recorded and analyzed for subsequent evaluation and improvement.

[0053] After the tunnel construction is completed, the effect of the steel support body 1 is evaluated. The effect of the steel support mechanism is evaluated by comparing the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock before and after the use of the steel support body 1, the stress condition of the supporting structure, and the material utilization rate. At the same time, the steel support mechanism is improved and optimized based on the evaluation results so that it can play a better role in future tunnel construction projects.

[0054] The sensor network collects deformation data (such as displacement, stress, temperature, etc.) of the tunnel surrounding rock in real time and transmits this data to the intelligent control system;

[0055] The intelligent control system processes and analyzes the received data and determines the deformation trend and support requirements of the surrounding rock through the built-in algorithm;

[0056] According to the analysis results, the intelligent control system issues a control instruction to control the adjustment mechanism of the steel support body 1 to adjust the position that needs to be strengthened, thereby achieving adaptive support for the surrounding rock.

[0057] During the support process, the sensor network continuously monitors the deformation of the surrounding rock and feeds the data back to the intelligent control system so that the control system can make real-time adjustments based on actual conditions.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism, characterized by: The steel support structure includes: A steel support body (1), the steel support body (1) comprising a plurality of deformable support unit frames (2), the plurality of deformable support unit frames (2) being welded together by assembling bolts to form the steel support body (1), and the outer edges of the deformable support unit frames (2) being in contact with the surrounding rock through a steel mesh; An expansion support component, wherein the expansion support component is movably plugged into a side of a deformable support unit frame (2) close to the surrounding rock through an adjustment component, the expansion support component comprises an expansion support plate (7), the adjustment component comprises a first support frame (5) and a second support frame (6), a welding installation frame (3) is inserted and welded in the deformable support unit frame (2), and the first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6) are movably plugged into the welding installation frame (3); A control component is arranged at the lower end of the welding installation frame (3), and the control component comprises a control screw (13) and a lifting seat (14), and the two sides of the lifting seat (14) are respectively connected to the first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6).

2. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized by: The deformable support unit frame (2) is an I-shaped steel structure, and a plurality of deformable support unit frames (2) are bent arc structures of equal size. A welding groove is provided at the center of the web of the deformable support unit frame (2), and a welding installation frame (3) is horizontally welded in the welding groove. A cross connecting shaft (4) is horizontally provided in the center of the welding installation frame (3). The first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6) are cross-connected, and the cross positions of the first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6) are respectively movably sleeved with the cross connecting shaft (4).

3. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 2 is characterized by: A push frame (8) is provided at the lower end of the expansion support plate (7), two guide slide rods (9) are horizontally symmetrically provided on both sides of the push frame (8), two slide blocks (10) are respectively provided on both sides of the two guide slide rods (9) for common sliding movement, first connecting shafts (11) are horizontally provided at the lower ends of the two slide blocks (10), and the upper ends of the first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6) pass through the welded installation frame (3) and are respectively movably sleeved with the two first connecting shafts (11).

4. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized by: The first support frame (5) and the second support frame (6) are both horizontally provided with a third connecting shaft (16) at the lower end of the welding installation frame (3), and the two third connecting shafts (16) are both movably sleeved with a pulling frame (17). The lower end of the welding installation frame (3) is welded with a pulling frame (17), and the control screw (13) is vertically inserted into the pulling frame (17) through a bearing, and the control screw (13) is provided with a lifting seat (14) through a thread sleeve, and the lifting seat (14) is symmetrically provided with second connecting shafts (15) on both sides, and the two pulling frames (17) are movably sleeved with two second connecting shafts (15) on the side away from the third connecting shaft (16).

5. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized by: The center of the lower end of the control mounting frame (12) is provided with a disc groove, the lower end of the control screw rod (13) is inserted into the disc groove and is provided with a positioning disc (18), and the center of the lower end of the positioning disc (18) is provided with a prismatic joint (19).

6. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of positioning grooves (20) are symmetrically provided on the outer circumference of the positioning disk (18), a receiving groove (21) is provided on one side of the disk groove, a positioning block (24) is movably inserted in the receiving groove (21), one side of the positioning block (24) is movably inserted in the positioning groove (20) on one side of the positioning disk (18), and both side surfaces of the positioning block (24) and the positioning groove (20) are inclined surfaces.

7. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: A spring groove (22) is provided on one side of the control mounting frame (12) close to the receiving groove (21), a spring rod (23) is horizontally movably inserted between the receiving groove (21) and the spring groove (22), and the spring rod (23) is disposed on one side of the receiving groove (21) and connected to a positioning block (24).

8. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring rod (23) is placed in the spring groove (22) and a pressure plate is provided on one side thereof, and a support spring (25) is sleeved on one side of the pressure plate of the spring rod (23).

9. The tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: One side of the spring rod (23) passes through the spring groove (22) and one side of the control mounting frame (12); a threaded ring is provided on the side of the control mounting frame (12) through which the spring rod (23) passes; the threaded ring is provided with a limiting cap (26) through a threaded sleeve; and when the positioning block (24) is inserted into the positioning groove (20), one side of the spring rod (23) abuts against the limiting cap (26).

10. A topology optimization method for a tunnel adaptive intelligent steel support mechanism using any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Establish an initial model. Use computer-aided design software to build a detailed three-dimensional model of the steel support structure based on tunnel design parameters and surrounding rock conditions. Step 2: Define design variables and constraints, and clarify the design variables and constraints in the topology optimization process. Step 3: Topology optimization analysis. Use professional topology optimization software to perform multiple rounds of iterative calculations on the initial model. During the optimization process, the software will automatically remove the material parts that contribute less to the structural performance, while strengthening the key stress areas. By continuously adjusting the design variables and constraints, the optimal material distribution solution is found. Step 4: Result verification and optimization. Perform finite element analysis on the topology optimized model to ensure that it meets all design requirements and constraints. If it does not meet the requirements, return to adjust the design variables and constraints and re-optimize the analysis. At the same time, combine experimental data and engineering experience to further verify and optimize the optimization results, and finally obtain a steel support design with an efficient topological structure.

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