Cross-scale dismounting type underground engineering model test system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cross-scale disassembly and assembly type underground engineering model test system, which is characterized in that through the improvement of a model box, each part of the model box can be disassembled and assembled; the water pressure pump control device can intelligently control the water pressure and the water quantity in the water injection model box, so that the side slope and the tunnel of the water-rich geology can be simulated; the ground stress control device can apply pressure to the soil body in the box body by controlling the oil jack on the reaction frame, and then the ground stress of the soil body under a certain burial depth can be simulated. The utility model solves the problems of difficult installation, non-universality and single scale of slope and tunnel model equipment in the prior art, can simulate slopes and tunnels under water-rich and karst geological conditions, and has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, reasonability, accuracy, economy and effectiveness. The detachable parts enable the box body to be more convenient to transport and install, and cross-scale testing of the model can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering and slope engineering, in particular to a cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of tunnel engineering and slope engineering, model testing is a widely used research method for simulating and analyzing the behavior of various engineering structures and geological bodies. As key research topics in civil engineering, slope stability and tunnel design require in-depth research with the help of model test boxes. However, traditional fixed model test boxes have certain limitations. They are single-scale and difficult to flexibly replace and adjust the model, which limits the flexibility and efficiency of their application.

[0003] Therefore, it is imperative to invent a cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system to improve the efficiency and flexibility of model tests, further improve the accuracy and reliability of test results, better meet the needs of engineering research, and solve the various problems existing in traditional model test boxes.

[0004] The existing literature on slope and tunnel model test chambers and their use methods found are as follows:

[0005] 1. The Chinese invention patent application with application number: CN202210166057.3, entitled "A model tunnel test device and test method with separately controllable water and soil pressures", provides a model tunnel test device and test method with separately controllable water and soil pressures, and aims to realize the independent control of water and soil pressures in the test. It includes a geotechnical triaxial test system and a tunnel model test box, the former includes a loading frame, a water injection pump, a pressure volume controller and a master control computer, the latter includes a sealed box cover and a box body, the upper layer of the box body includes a piston assembly, the lower layer includes a simulated stratum, a tunnel model is arranged in the simulated stratum; a pore loading plate is laid on the simulated stratum; the piston assembly includes an upper loading piston, a lower loading piston, and a balancing cylinder, the upper loading piston passes through the through hole of the box cover and is connected to the load sensor, and the lower end of the lower loading piston is connected to the pore loading plate; the water injection pump and the pressure volume controller are connected to the water pressure loading hole at the bottom of the box body through a hydraulic pipeline; the master control computer is electrically connected to the pressure volume controller and the loading frame. This type of tunnel model test box is provided with a box cover and a box body which are sealed and connected, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the box cover to facilitate the simulation of water-rich geological tunnel experiments.

[0006] 2. The Chinese invention patent application with application number: CN202210958512.3 and title: A model test device for simulating natural slope instability discloses a model test device for simulating natural slope instability, which mainly includes a model box, a rainfall module, a seismic module and a monitoring module; a water collection tank is provided at the bottom of the model box, a drainage hole is provided on the left wall of the water collection tank, the drainage hole is connected to the drainage pipe, and the drainage pipe is connected to the mobile water tank; a water delivery pipe is provided on the top of the model box, and an intelligent flow control valve is provided on the water delivery pipe; the seismic module includes a vibration motor and a base, the vibration motor is fixed at the bottom of the water collection tank, and a fixed base is provided under the vibration motor; the monitoring module includes a pore water pressure gauge, an earth pressure box, a geotechnical data acquisition instrument and a high-speed camera, the earth pressure box is arranged between the front baffle of the slope and the inner wall of the model box, and the geotechnical data acquisition instrument collects data and transmits it to a computer operation terminal. The invention can be used to simulate the model test research of slopes under the action of rainfall and earthquake, and analyze the external influencing factors of slope instability and destruction, effectively improving the reliability and authenticity of slope stability research.

[0007] 3. The application number is: CN202211063141.9, and the name is: A Chinese invention patent application for a tunnel model box test system, which discloses a tunnel model box test system, including a model box, a tunnel model device, a power trolley model, a mobile power loading device, a reaction force adjustment device, an excitation device and a data measurement and acquisition device; wherein, the mobile power loading device can realize the adjustable speed of the power trolley model, and can more realistically simulate the movement and speed of the subway during operation; the reaction force adjustment device can adjust the spatial position of the power trolley model so that the power trolley model can be reconnected to ensure the normal operation of the vibration simulation, and thus can more realistically simulate the operation of the subway during uneven soil settlement; the excitation device can control the vibration force of each exciter to achieve multi-point positioning excitation, and thus can more realistically simulate the vibration load during subway operation, and further can accurately predict and explore the safety hazards brought by the subway's cyclic vibration to existing tunnels.

[0008] The model slope and tunnel test devices and test methods in the above-mentioned literature are relatively complex and difficult to install, resulting in a fixed test site, low convenience, limited simulated ground stress, and a narrow scope of application. It is necessary to develop model boxes for different tunnel and slope models.

[0009] The box and geology in the scaled experiments of slope and tunnel models are similar. The existing experimental model box system is not universal and the installation and transportation are cumbersome, resulting in low economic and operability of the experiment. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the box structure and peripheral devices to design a new model box system that can meet the requirements of tunnel and slope simulation, is economical and reliable, easy to install and disassemble, and has strong versatility. Utility Model Content

[0010] The utility model aims to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology and provides a cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system. By setting a detachable and assembled box structure, the disadvantages of traditional model boxes such as heavy weight, inconvenient installation, and non-compatibility with slopes and tunnels are solved. During the installation process, the corresponding box and external equipment can be installed according to the experimental requirements, which greatly reduces the cost of model testing. At the same time, the structural force is more reasonable and reliable, which increases the operability of the model and the test safety, and can meet the tunnel and slope model tests under different conditions.

[0011] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0012] A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system, comprising a model box, an intelligent data acquisition device, a water supply device, and a ground stress control device; the model box comprises a top plate, a detachable top plate, a side plate, a detachable side plate, a slope side plate, a bottom plate, and a water receiving tray, and the top plate, the side plate, the slope side plate, the bottom plate, and the water receiving tray are connected by bolts; the top plate is provided with a sensor hole and a pressure truncated cone in the middle, and water injection holes are provided at four corners, the plate body is a cross-diaphragm steel plate, and a hoisting and transportation port is provided on the vertical steel plate; the detachable top plate is composed of a main board, a detachable plate, and bolts, the main board is provided with a sensor hole and a pressure truncated cone in the middle, and water injection holes are provided at four corners, the detachable plate and the main board are provided with bolt holes, and the detachable plate is cross-fixed to the main board by bolts;

[0013] The body of the side panel is a cross-diaphragm steel plate, one side panel is provided with a reinforcing connecting plate at the intersection, and the other side panel is not provided with a reinforcing connecting plate, the middle and bottom of the side panel are respectively provided with a sensor hole and a drainage hole, the front and rear side panels are provided with a transparent glass plate, and the transparent glass plate is provided with a tunnel opening; the detachable side panel is composed of a detachable side panel body, a concave support rod, a convex support rod, and a pin bolt, the middle of the detachable side panel body is provided with a sensor hole, the concave support rod is welded to the detachable side panel body, the concave support rod and the convex support rod body are provided with pin bolt holes, and the two are fixed and adjusted by the pin bolt; the slope side panel body is a cross-diaphragm steel plate, and the slope side panel can replace the side panel without a reinforcing connecting plate; the bottom plate body is a cross-diaphragm steel plate, and a hoisting and transportation port is provided on the vertical steel plate; the water receiving tray is arranged on the upper part of the bottom plate and spliced ​​with the bottom plate and the side panel.

[0014] Furthermore, the intelligent data acquisition device includes a stress and strain acquisition device, a displacement and deformation acquisition device, a data acquisition computer, and a tunnel portal monitoring device; the stress and strain acquisition device includes a strain gauge, a stress block, an earth pressure box, and a stress and strain acquisition instrument; the connecting wires of the strain gauge, the stress block, and the earth pressure box are connected to the stress and strain acquisition instrument through the sensor hole; the displacement and deformation acquisition device includes a displacement meter, a PVC pipe, a steel wire, and a steel sheet; the end of the displacement meter is connected to the steel wire; the outer diameter of the PVC pipe is consistent with the diameter of the sensor hole, and the pipe body is provided with a cutout, the size of the cutout is larger than the size of the steel sheet, so that the steel sheet can have a certain sliding space; the steel wire and the steel sheet are welded at the cutout, and the steel sheet crosses the cutout; the data acquisition computer is arranged outside the model box, and is connected to the stress and strain acquisition instrument, the displacement meter and the tunnel portal monitoring camera; the tunnel portal monitoring device includes a rotating bracket and a tunnel portal monitoring camera; the rotating bracket is arranged in front of the tunnel portal and installed on the top plate of the model box; the tunnel portal monitoring camera is installed on the rotating bracket, and the lens faces the tunnel portal.

[0015] Furthermore, the water supply device includes a hand chain hoist, a steel truss, a water pipe, and a mobile water tank; the hand chain hoist is connected to the steel truss, and can pull the mobile water tank to move up and down; the steel truss is a support frame for supporting the water supply device, and the height of the steel truss is greater than the height of the model box; the water pipe is connected to the mobile water tank and is connected to the water injection holes at the four corners of the top plate; the mobile water tank can be moved up and down by the hand chain hoist, and a water outlet valve is provided at the bottom of the mobile water tank, which can be connected to the water pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the ground stress control device includes a reaction frame, an oil pump, a jack, a jack pressure sensor, and a data acquisition computer; the reaction frame is installed above the model box, and the end of the reaction frame is fixedly connected to the bottom surface; the oil pump and the jack are installed on the reaction frame, and the jack pressure sensor is externally connected to a data acquisition computer; the data acquisition computer receives and processes stress strain, displacement deformation, and ground stress data.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technology, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The detachable and assembleable design of the components of the system of the utility model not only makes the model test box more flexible, but also realizes the cross-scale test of the model, making it easy to replace and adjust the model in the model test, greatly improving the efficiency of the model test, reducing the time required for adjusting and replacing the model, and being able to conduct different types of tests more quickly.

[0019] 2. Through intelligent data acquisition and control devices, the new system can monitor various parameters of the slope and tunnel in real time, and intelligently control water pressure and ground stress, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and can more accurately understand the behavior of the model and provide a more reliable basis for engineering design.

[0020] 3. The versatility and simulation capabilities of the new system can better meet the research needs in the field of tunnel and slope engineering. Through this system, more extensive and in-depth research can be carried out to explore important topics such as slope stability and tunnel design, breaking the barriers of traditional model boxes that are not universal and cannot cross scales, and providing more scientific support for engineering practice. In addition to meeting the simulation of water-rich geological tunnel experiments, it also has the advantages of light weight, convenient installation and transportation, and simple operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a front view of the system of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the model box of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the model box of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of disassembling and assembling the top plate of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of disassembling and assembling the side panel of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the concave and convex support rod of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the intelligent data acquisition device of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the displacement deformation acquisition device of the utility model;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the slope model box of the utility model;

[0030] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel model box of the utility model.

[0031] The markings in the figure are:

[0032] Model box 1; top plate 2; side plate 3; slope side plate 4; bottom plate 5; water receiving tray 6; pressure truncated cone 7; water injection hole 8; cross diaphragm steel plate structure 9; vertical steel plate 10; hoisting and transportation port 11; front and rear side plates 12; left side plate 13; connecting plate 14; sensor hole 15; drainage hole 16; transparent glass plate 17; tunnel opening 18; slag discharge port 19; bolt 20; intelligent data acquisition device 21; stress and strain acquisition equipment 22; displacement and deformation acquisition equipment 23; data acquisition computer 24; tunnel opening monitoring equipment 25; strain gauge 26; stress block 27; soil pressure box 28; stress and strain acquisition instrument 29; displacement meter 30; connecting line 31; PVC pipe 32; steel wire 33; steel sheet 34; incision 35; tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36; rotating bracket 37; water supply device 38; hand hoist 39; steel truss 40; water pipe 41; mobile water tank 42; water outlet valve 43; ground stress control device 44; reaction frame 45; oil pump 46; jack 47; jack pressure sensor 48; disassembly and assembly of top plate 49; disassembly and assembly of side plate 50; main board 51; disassembly and assembly of plate 52; disassembly and assembly of top plate bolts 53; disassembly and assembly of top plate sensor hole 54; disassembly and assembly of pressure cone 55; main board water injection hole 56; disassembly and assembly of top plate bolt hole 57; concave support rod 58; convex support rod 59; pin 60; disassembly and assembly of side plate sensor hole 61; concave and convex support rod pin hole 62; slope model box 63; tunnel model box 64. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present utility model, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the model box 1 is the core component of the system, which consists of a top plate 2, a detachable top plate 49, a side plate 3, a detachable side plate 50, a slope side plate 4, a bottom plate 5 and a water receiving tray 6. The top plate 2 has five sensor holes with a diameter of 15 mm and a pressure cone 7 with a diameter of 300 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. Four water injection holes 8 with a diameter of 50 mm are provided at the four corners. The plate body adopts a cross-diaphragm steel plate structure 9, which is evenly welded on the top plate 1 with a spacing of 200 mm. The vertical steel plate 10 is welded on the top plate 2, and the vertical steel plate 10 is provided with a lifting and transportation port 11 of a rounded rectangular shape with a length of 140 mm and a width of 60 mm; the disassembly top plate 49 is composed of a main board 51, a disassembly plate 52, and bolts 53. The middle of the main board 51 is provided with 5 sensor holes 54 with a diameter of 15 mm and a pressure cone 55 with a diameter of 300 mm and a thickness of 20 mm, and water injection holes 56 are provided at the four corners. The disassembly plate 52 and the main board 51 are provided with bolt holes 57. The disassembly plate 52 is screwed into the main board 51. The bolts 53 are cross-fixed to the main board 51; the side panels 3 and the slope side panels 4 also use a cross-diaphragm steel plate structure 9 with a thickness of 10 mm, among which only the cross-diaphragm steel plates 9 of the front and rear side panels 12 and the left side panel 13 are provided with a square reinforcement connecting plate 14 with a side length of 80 mm at the intersection, and 10 sensor holes 15 with a diameter of 15 mm and 6 drainage holes 16 with a diameter of 20 mm are provided in the middle and bottom of the side panels 3, respectively, and the front and rear side panels 12 are provided with a 440 mm high × 400 mm wide permeable The transparent glass plate 17 is provided with a horseshoe-shaped tunnel opening 18 with a height of 210 mm and a width of 270 mm. The bottom of the front and rear side panels 12 is provided with a detachable and sealable slag discharge port 19 with a side length of 190 mm. The disassembly side panel 50 is composed of a body of the disassembly side panel 50, a concave support rod 58, a convex support rod 59, and a pin 60. The middle of the body of the disassembly side panel 50 is provided with 10 sensor holes 61. The concave support rod 58 is welded to the body of the disassembly side panel 50. The concave support rod 58 and the convex support rod 59 are connected to the body of the disassembly side panel 50. The body is provided with a pin hole 62, and the two are fixed and adjusted by a pin 60; the slope side plate 4 is a side plate that can replace the reinforced connecting plate 14, and the size is 750mm high × 1000mm wide; the bottom plate 5 also uses a cross-diaphragm steel plate 9 structure as the bottom support force structure, and the vertical steel plate is provided with a rounded rectangular hoisting and transportation port 11 with a length of 140mm × a width of 60mm; the water tray cloth 6 is arranged on the upper part of the bottom plate 5, spliced ​​with the bottom plate 5 and the side plate 3, and the volume of the water tray 6 is 42.71904×10 6 mm 3The side panels 3, front and rear side panels 12, slope side panels 4, water receiving tray 6 and bottom plate 5 are connected by bolts 20.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the intelligent data acquisition device 21 includes a stress-strain acquisition device 22, a displacement-deformation acquisition device 23, a data acquisition computer 24 and a tunnel portal monitoring device 25; the stress-strain acquisition device 22 includes a strain gauge 26, a stress block 27, an earth pressure box 28 and a stress-strain acquisition instrument 29, and is connected to the stress-strain acquisition instrument 29 through a sensor hole 15 using a connecting line 31; the displacement-deformation acquisition device 23 includes a displacement meter 30, a PVC pipe 32 with an outer diameter of 15 mm, a steel wire 33 and a steel sheet 34; the end of the displacement meter 30 is connected to the steel wire 33 is connected; the PVC pipe 32 is provided with a cutout 35, the size of the cutout 35 is larger than the size of the steel sheet 34, and the steel wire 33 is welded to the steel sheet 34 at the cutout 35; the data acquisition computer 24 is located outside the model box 1, and is connected to the stress and strain acquisition instrument 29, the displacement meter 30 and the tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36; the tunnel entrance monitoring equipment 25 includes a rotating bracket 37 and a tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36, ​​the rotating bracket 37 is installed on the top plate 2 of the model box, and the tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36 is installed on the rotating bracket 37, and the lens is facing the tunnel entrance 18.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the water supply device 38 includes a hand winch 39, a steel truss 40, a water pipe 41 and a mobile water tank 42; the hand winch 39 is connected to the steel truss 40, and can pull the mobile water tank 42 to move up and down; the steel truss 40 is a support frame for supporting the water supply device, and its height is greater than the height of the model box 1; the water pipe 41 is connected to the mobile water tank 42, and is externally connected to the water injection holes 8 with a diameter of 50 mm at the four corners of the top plate; the mobile water tank 42 can be moved up and down by the hand winch 39, and a water outlet valve port 43 is provided at the bottom, which can be externally connected to the water pipe 41.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the ground stress control device 44 includes a reaction frame 45, an oil pump 46, a jack 47, a jack pressure sensor 48 and a data acquisition computer 24; the reaction frame 45 is installed above the model box 1, and the end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface; the oil pump 46 and the jack 47 are installed on the reaction frame 45, and the jack pressure sensor 48 is externally connected to the data acquisition computer 24 for controlling the application and monitoring of ground stress.

[0041] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of the experiment of the model system are as follows:

[0042] (1) Installing the model box 1: Select model components according to the requirements of the slope or tunnel model to assemble the slope model box 63 and the tunnel model box 64, place the model box 1 on the test bench, and fix it on the test bench through the lifting and transportation port 11.

[0043] (2) Connecting the data acquisition device 21: Connect the stress-strain acquisition device 22 and the displacement-deformation acquisition device 23 to the data acquisition computer 24, respectively, and set the data acquisition parameters.

[0044] (3) Installing the ground stress control device 44: Install the reaction frame 45, the oil pump 46 and the jack 47, connect the data acquisition computer 24, and set the ground stress control parameters.

[0045] (4) Setting up the water supply device 38: Connect the hand chain hoist 39 to the steel truss 40, connect the water pipe 41 to the mobile water tank 42, adjust the height of the mobile water tank 42 and connect it to the water injection hole 8 of the model box.

[0046] (5) Installing the tunnel entrance monitoring equipment 25 : installing the rotating bracket 37 and the tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36 , calibrating the viewing angle of the tunnel entrance monitoring camera 36 , and connecting it to the data acquisition computer 24 .

[0047] (6) Conducting the test: According to the test requirements, the ground stress 44, water supply 38 and monitoring equipment 25 are controlled by the data acquisition computer 24, and the data are recorded and analyzed.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system, comprising: A model box, an intelligent data acquisition device, a water supply device, and a ground stress control device, characterized in that: the model box includes a top plate, a detachable top plate, a side plate, a detachable side plate, a slope side plate, a bottom plate, and a water receiving tray; the top plate, the side plate, the slope side plate, the bottom plate, and the water receiving tray are connected by bolts; a sensor hole and a pressure cone are provided in the middle of the top plate, and water injection holes are provided at the four corners; the detachable top plate is composed of a main board, a detachable plate, and bolts; a sensor hole and a pressure cone are provided in the middle of the main board, and water injection holes are provided at the four corners; bolt holes are arranged on the detachable plate and the main board, and the detachable plate is fixedly connected to the main board by bolts; in the side plate, One side panel is provided with a reinforcing connecting plate at the intersection, while the other side panel is not provided with a reinforcing connecting plate. Sensor holes and drainage holes are respectively provided in the middle and bottom of the side panel. Transparent glass panels are provided on the front and rear side panels, and tunnel openings are provided on the transparent glass panels. The detachable side panel is composed of a detachable side panel body, a concave support rod, a convex support rod and a pin. A sensor hole is provided in the middle of the detachable side panel body. The concave support rod is welded to the detachable side panel body. Pin holes are provided on the concave support rod and the convex support rod body, and the two are fixed and adjusted by pins. The slope side panel can replace the side panel without a reinforcing connecting plate. The water receiving tray is arranged on the upper part of the bottom plate and spliced ​​with the bottom plate and the side panel.

2. A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate, side plates, slope side plates and bottom plate are cross-diaphragm steel plate structures.

3. According to claim 1, a cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system is characterized by: The bottom plate is provided with a hoisting and transporting opening, and the top plate is provided with a hoisting and transporting opening.

4. A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent data acquisition device includes a data acquisition computer, a tunnel entrance monitoring device, a stress and strain acquisition device, and a displacement and deformation acquisition device; the data acquisition computer is arranged outside the model box, and the data acquisition computer is connected to the stress and strain acquisition instrument, the displacement meter and the tunnel entrance monitoring camera; the tunnel entrance monitoring device includes a rotating bracket and a tunnel entrance monitoring camera; The rotating bracket is arranged in front of the tunnel entrance and installed on the top plate of the model box; the tunnel entrance monitoring camera is installed on the rotating bracket, and the lens faces the tunnel entrance.

5. A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stress-strain acquisition equipment includes a strain gauge, a stress block, an earth pressure box, and a stress-strain acquisition instrument; the connecting wires of the strain gauge, the stress block, and the earth pressure box pass through the sensor hole and are connected to the stress-strain acquisition instrument, and the stress-strain acquisition instrument is externally connected to a data acquisition computer.

6. A cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement deformation acquisition equipment includes a displacement meter, a PVC pipe, a steel wire, and a steel sheet; the end of the displacement meter is connected to the steel wire, and the displacement meter is pulled by the steel wire to measure the displacement of the surrounding rock; the outer diameter of the PVC pipe is consistent with the diameter of the sensor hole, and the pipe body is provided with a cut, the size of the cut is larger than the size of the steel sheet, so that the steel sheet has a certain sliding space; the steel wire and the steel sheet are welded at the cut, and the steel sheet passes through the cut horizontally.

7. The cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply device includes a hand chain hoist, a steel truss, a water pipe, and a mobile water tank; the hand chain hoist is connected to the steel truss and can pull the mobile water tank to move up and down; the height of the steel truss is greater than the height of the model box; one end of the water pipe is connected to the mobile water tank, and the other end is connected to the water injection hole of the top plate.

8. The cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground stress control device includes a reaction frame, an oil pump, a jack, a jack pressure sensor, and a data acquisition computer; the reaction frame is installed above the model box, and the end of the reaction frame is fixedly connected to the bottom surface; the oil pump and the jack are installed on the reaction frame, and the jack pressure sensor is externally connected to the data acquisition computer.

9. The cross-scale detachable underground engineering model test system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition computer receives and processes stress strain, displacement deformation, and ground stress data.

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