Waste aluminum smelting furnace

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste aluminum smelting furnace which comprises an outer smelting chamber, an inner smelting chamber and a furnace cover, the furnace cover is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port which are communicated with the inner smelting chamber, a first material guiding channel is vertically arranged below the inner smelting chamber, and a second material guiding channel penetrating through the outer smelting chamber is obliquely arranged at the lower end of the first material guiding channel. A slag discharging opening communicated with the second material guiding channel is formed below the outer melting chamber, a valve body is arranged at the slag discharging opening, a first material guiding screw rod and a second material guiding screw rod are rotationally arranged in the first material guiding channel and the second material guiding channel respectively, and the first material guiding screw rod and the second material guiding screw rod are matched with a first driving component and a second driving component which are used for driving the first material guiding screw rod and the second material guiding screw rod to rotate. Through the combined action of the first material guiding screw rod and the second material guiding screw rod, impurities are discharged from the furnace body through the slag discharging opening, the problem of heavy metal accumulation and blockage can be solved, slag remaining at the bottom of the furnace can be cleaned, the possibility that molten aluminum is polluted by the impurities is reduced, and therefore the purity of aluminum ingots can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of smelting furnaces, in particular to a scrap aluminum smelting furnace. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum can be recycled and recast indefinitely without changing its physical properties. 75% of all aluminum mined worldwide is still in use or recycled. Using recycled aluminum not only increases the recycling rate of metals, but also reduces energy and water consumption by 95% compared to mining bauxite and electrolyzing it to extract pure aluminum, achieving significant energy and resource savings. Using recycled aluminum as an organic supplement to new aluminum can not only meet the rising demand for aluminum in economic production, but also alleviate the over-exploitation of mineral resources.

[0003] The production process of recycled aluminum alloy can be divided into three stages: pretreatment, smelting (including refining), and ingot casting. The smelting process is to add waste aluminum into the smelting furnace and heat it to melt it into liquid. After slag removal, temperature measurement and composition detection, it is transferred to the refining furnace, and elements such as silicon and copper are added. After degassing, slag removal and refining, the harmful metal elements in the recycled aluminum melt are mainly Fe, Mg, Zn, Pb, etc. Different removal methods are required for different harmful metal elements. Among them, when the sedimentation method is used to remove heavy metal impurities such as zinc and lead in aluminum and aluminum alloy melts, by extending the standing time of aluminum and aluminum alloy melts, the principle of the larger density of zinc and lead is used to make zinc and lead sink to the bottom of the furnace during smelting; when discharging, the liquid flow is stabilized, so that heavy metals such as zinc and lead can flow out first and adhere to the bottom of the first few ingots cast. These ingots can be selected and processed separately. However, due to the long standing time of the sedimentation method, heavy metals accumulate at the bottom of the furnace, which slows down the melt outflow and even causes blockage, which is disadvantageous. In addition, after long-term use of the smelting furnace, the slag remaining at the bottom of the furnace easily causes the melt to be contaminated by debris, affecting the purity of the aluminum ingot. Therefore, the furnace needs to be cleaned regularly, but manual cleaning is inconvenient. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a scrap aluminum smelting furnace, which can automatically clean the slag and heavy metals remaining at the bottom of the furnace, thereby reducing the need for manual cleaning.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the above-mentioned problem is: a scrap aluminum smelting furnace, including a dumping base and a furnace body, the furnace body including an outer melting chamber, an inner melting chamber and a furnace cover, the furnace cover is provided with a feed port and a discharge port communicated with the inner melting chamber, a first material guide channel is vertically provided below the inner melting chamber, a second material guide channel is obliquely provided at the lower end of the first material guide channel passing through the outer melting chamber, a slag discharge port communicated with the second material guide channel is provided below the outer melting chamber, the slag discharge port is provided with a valve body, wherein a first material guide screw and a second material guide screw are rotatably arranged in the first material guide channel and the second material guide channel respectively, and the first material guide screw and the second material guide screw are adapted to be equipped with a first driving component and a second driving component for driving them to rotate.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom of the inner melting chamber presents a conical profile with a lower middle and a higher outer edge, and a plurality of scrapers are coaxially fixed circumferentially above the first material guide screw, and the lower surface of the scraper is in contact with the bottom of the inner melting chamber.

[0007] Preferably, the second material guiding channel is provided with a reflux channel communicating with the upper opening of the inner melting chamber, the side wall of the outer melting chamber is provided with a filter opening, and a filter plate communicating with the reflux channel is provided in the filter opening.

[0008] Preferably: the pouring base is rotationally connected to the shell of the outer melting chamber, and a group of worm gear mechanisms are provided on both sides of the outer melting chamber, one group of worm gear mechanisms is directly driven by the third driving component, and the other group of worm gear mechanisms is transmission-connected to the third driving component through a gear transmission mechanism.

[0009] Preferably: a rotating shaft is rotatably provided under the furnace cover, a fourth driving component for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is provided above the furnace cover, a plurality of stirring components are coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft, the stirring component comprises a sleeve seat fixed on the rotating shaft, and obliquely arranged stirring blades are evenly fixed on the outer circumference of the sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, a cover plate is rotatably provided on one side of the furnace cover located at the discharge port, and the cover plate is driven to rotate and cover the discharge port by a fifth driving component.

[0011] Preferably, the feed port is rotatably provided with two crushing wheels, the two crushing wheels rotate in opposite directions through the meshing transmission of gear shafts, and the gear shaft of any crushing wheel is connected and driven by the fourth driving component through a vertical transmission mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the inner melting chamber has a trumpet-shaped upper opening, and the inner diameter of the upper opening increases gradually from bottom to top.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:

[0014] The utility model has a first material guide channel vertically arranged below the inner melting chamber, a second material guide channel obliquely arranged at the lower end of the first material guide channel penetrating the outer melting chamber, and a slag discharge port communicating with the second material guide channel is opened below the outer melting chamber. Under the action of the first material guide screw and the second material guide screw, the heavy metals accumulated at the bottom of the inner melting chamber are discharged from the furnace body through the slag discharge port, which can not only eliminate the problem of heavy metal accumulation and blockage, but also clean the slag remaining at the bottom of the furnace through the scraper, reducing the need for manual cleaning and reducing the risk of aluminum liquid being contaminated by debris. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a stirring component in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure numbers: dumping base 1, worm gear mechanism 11, third drive component 12, gear transmission mechanism 13, furnace body 2, slag discharge port 21, valve body 22, filter screen port 23, filter plate 24, first material guide screw 25, second material guide screw 26, first drive component 27, second drive component 28, outer melting chamber 3, first material guide channel 31, second material guide channel 32, reflux channel 33, inner melting chamber 4, scraper 41, rotating shaft 42, stirring component 43, sleeve 431, stirring blade 432, top plate 433, bottom cover 434, furnace cover 5, feed port 51, discharge port 52, fourth drive component 53, crushing wheel 54, gear shaft 55, bevel gear 56, cover plate 57, fifth drive component 58. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through examples. The following examples are provided to explain the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0021] See also Figure 1 - Figure 4In the present embodiment, a scrap aluminum smelting furnace is provided, which is specifically used for efficiently recovering and reusing scrap aluminum materials. Through advanced smelting technology, scrap aluminum is converted into high-purity aluminum liquid for use in various industrial and manufacturing fields. The furnace body 2 includes an outer melting chamber 3, an inner melting chamber 4 and a furnace cover 5. The furnace cover 5 is provided with a feed port 51 and a discharge port 52 communicated with the inner melting chamber 4. A first material guide channel 31 is vertically provided below the inner melting chamber 4. A second material guide channel 32 penetrating the outer melting chamber 3 is obliquely provided at the lower end of the first material guide channel 31. A slag discharge port 21 communicated with the second material guide channel 32 is provided below the outer melting chamber 3. The slag discharge port 21 is provided with a valve body 22. A first material guide screw 25 and a second material guide screw 26 are rotatably provided in the first material guide channel 31 and the second material guide channel 32, respectively. The first material guide screw 25 and the second material guide screw 26 are adapted to be driven to rotate by a first driving component 27 and a second driving component 28.

[0022] Specifically, the furnace body 2 in this embodiment uses induction force, that is, uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to melt metal. First, the scrap aluminum material is added to the inner melting chamber 4 through the feed port 51, and the scrap aluminum material is heated and melted in the inner melting chamber 4. In order to reduce the content of impurities and improve the purity of aluminum during the smelting process, these impurities need to be removed, which includes the sedimentation method of removing impurities for various impurities:

[0023] (1) Direct iron removal by smelting: Strictly control the smelting temperature, take advantage of the difference in melting points between aluminum and iron, melt the aluminum, and allow high-melting-point metal impurities such as iron to settle to the bottom of the furnace, thereby removing the iron;

[0024] (2) Sedimentation iron removal method: The comprehensive effect of the multi-component master alloy prepared by the four substances of Mn, Cr, Ni and Zr reacts with the coarse iron-rich compounds in the aluminum alloy melt to form new multi-component iron-rich compounds. The multi-component iron-rich compounds gradually grow as the temperature decreases. When they grow large enough to overcome the sedimentation resistance, they will settle, thereby removing the iron;

[0025] (3) Sedimentation method to remove heavy metal impurities such as zinc and lead: The sedimentation method is used to remove heavy metal impurities such as zinc and lead from aluminum and aluminum alloy melts. The sedimentation method is to extend the static time of aluminum and aluminum alloy melts, and use the principle that zinc and lead have a larger density so that zinc and lead can sink to the bottom of the furnace during smelting.

[0026] Through the above-mentioned sedimentation method, impurities (aluminum liquid containing a large amount of impurities) are all located at the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4. At this time, the first driving component 27 is started to make the first material guide screw 25 start to rotate to promote the impurities to move to the first material guide channel 31. The second driving component 28 is started to make the second material guide screw 26 rotate to push the impurities to the slag discharge port 21. The valve body 22 of the slag discharge port 21 controls the outflow of aluminum liquid and discharges the slag at the bottom of the furnace at the same time. When the aluminum liquid and slag are completely discharged, the valve body 22 of the slag discharge port 21 is closed. The outer melting chamber 3 is tilted by tilting the base 1 so that the aluminum liquid flows out from the discharge port 52 for collecting the aluminum liquid. Since the first material guide channel 31 is set obliquely downward, the furnace body 2 can still perform the slag discharge operation without tilting. These aluminum liquids containing a large amount of impurities are discharged through the slag discharge port 21 and poured first. These first poured ingots can be selected and processed separately. After the impurities are discharged, the first driving component 27 and the second driving component 28 are driven in reverse to make the first guide screw 25 and the second guide screw 26 rotate in reverse, so that the aluminum liquid in the first guide channel 31 and the second guide channel 32 flows back into the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4, avoiding the situation where the aluminum liquid is retained for a long time and causes blockage, and reducing the slow melt outflow speed and blockage caused by heavy metal residues. The slag discharge port 21 (the first guide channel 31 and the second guide channel 32) of the utility model is separated from the discharge port 52, so that impurities and aluminum liquid can flow out separately. Compared with the traditional impurities and aluminum liquid sharing the same feed port, the smelting process is optimized, the chance of aluminum liquid being contaminated by impurities is reduced, and the purity of the cast aluminum ingot is ensured.

[0027] The bottom of the inner melting chamber 4 is a tapered profile with a lower middle and a higher outer edge. A plurality of scrapers 41 are coaxially fixed above the first material guide screw 25, and the lower surface of the scraper 41 is in contact with the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4. In this embodiment, when the furnace body 2 is in an empty furnace state, the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4 is cleaned. At this time, the first driving component 27 is started to rotate the first material guide screw 25, thereby driving the scraper 41 fixed on the first material guide screw 25 to rotate. Since the lower surface of the scraper 41 is in contact with the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4, the slag at the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4 is scraped off by the rotation of the scraper 41. The bottom design of the tapered profile allows the scraped slag to be concentrated at the entrance of the central first material guide channel 31 and enter it. At this time, the second driving component 28 is started, and the slag flows from the first material guide channel 31 into the second material guide channel 32. The valve body 22 at the slag discharge port 21 is opened, so that the slag is fully discharged from the furnace body 2, effectively preventing the slag from blocking the channel.

[0028] The second material guide channel 32 is provided with a reflux channel 33 connected to the upper opening of the inner melting chamber 4, and the side wall of the outer melting chamber 3 is provided with a filter screen opening 23, and a filter plate 24 connected to the reflux channel 33 is provided in the filter screen opening 23. In this embodiment, the valve body 22 at the slag discharge port 21 is closed, and the first driving component 27 and the second driving component 28 are started, so that the first material guide screw 25 and the second material guide screw 26 rotate to guide the aluminum liquid at the bottom of the inner melting chamber 4 from the reflux channel 33 to the upper opening of the inner melting chamber 4. This embodiment adopts a foam ceramic filter plate 24, which utilizes the principle that the iron-rich phase impurities in the aluminum alloy melt are segregated at a lower temperature and a longer insulation time, and adopts a mechanical filtration method to remove the aggregated and grown iron-rich phase material, which can not only remove large pieces of iron-rich phase material, but also remove other large-sized inclusions in the aluminum and aluminum alloy melts. After the filtration is completed, the impurities are blocked in the second material guide channel 32 below the filter plate 24, and the impurities can be discharged by opening the valve body 22 at the slag discharge port 21. In addition, the filter plate 24 can be replaced through the filter screen port 23 to maintain its filtering effect.

[0029] The tipping base 1 is rotatably connected to the shell of the outer melting chamber 3, and a set of worm gear mechanisms 11 are provided on both sides of the outer melting chamber 3, wherein one set of worm gear mechanisms 11 is directly driven by the third driving component 12, and the other set of worm gear mechanisms 11 is transmission-connected to the third driving component 12 through a gear transmission mechanism 13. In this embodiment, a set of worm gear mechanisms 11 are provided on both sides of the furnace body 2, wherein the worm wheel is fixedly connected to the furnace body 2, and the worm is rotationally arranged on the tipping base 1 and driven to rotate by the third driving component 12, and the gear transmission mechanism 13 makes the worm wheels on both sides of the furnace body 2 rotate synchronously, thereby realizing the tipping of the furnace body 2, and facilitating the discharge and pouring of the aluminum liquid from the discharge port 52. In addition, the worm gear mechanism 11 has self-locking property, which can ensure the stability of the furnace body 2 when the driving device is not started.

[0030] See also Figure 1 A rotating shaft 42 is rotatably arranged below the furnace cover 5, and a fourth driving component 53 is arranged above the furnace cover 5 for driving the rotating shaft 42 to rotate. A plurality of stirring components 43 are coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 42. The stirring components 43 include a sleeve 431 sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft 42, and stirring blades 432 arranged obliquely are evenly fixed to the outer circumference of the sleeve 431. A top plate 433 and a bottom cover 434 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower ends of the sleeve 431. Before slagging, powdered flux should be sprinkled in to help effectively separate slag and metal. When the fourth driving component 53 is started, the rotating shaft 42 starts to rotate, and the stirring component 43 also rotates accordingly, so that the powdered flux and the melt are fully and evenly mixed. The oblique arrangement of the stirring blades 432 promotes the change of the flow direction in the melt by changing the direction of the fourth driving component 53, which helps to evenly mix the melt, push the melt upward, and form slag on the surface of the melt, and then slagging is carried out through the discharge port 52.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first driving component 27, the second driving component 28, the third driving component 12 and the fourth driving component 53 can adopt rotation driving devices such as electric motors and pneumatic motors.

[0032] The furnace cover 5 is rotatably provided with a cover plate 57 at one side of the discharge port 52, and the cover plate 57 is driven to rotate and cover the discharge port 52 by the fifth driving component 58. The discharge port 52 is blocked by the cover plate 57, which helps to maintain the temperature and pressure conditions in the smelting furnace, maintain the quality and purity of the aluminum liquid, and effectively prevent accidental splashing of the melt and the escape of steam, thereby improving the safety of the operation process. The fifth driving component 58 in this embodiment adopts a steering gear, a rotary actuator, etc., and the cover plate 57 is driven to rotate by the fifth driving component 58. The cover plate 57 can be opened when needed to facilitate the outflow of aluminum liquid, or closed when not needed to prevent impurities from entering the furnace body 2, reducing manual intervention and improving the convenience and efficiency of operation.

[0033] The feed port 51 is rotatably provided with two crushing wheels 54, which rotate in opposite directions through meshing transmission of a gear shaft 55. The gear shaft 55 of any crushing wheel 54 is connected and driven by a fourth driving component 53 through a vertical transmission mechanism, ensuring that the scrap aluminum is broken into smaller fragments before entering the smelting furnace. The crushed scrap aluminum fragments have a larger surface area, which helps to improve the heat transfer efficiency. While crushing, the fourth driving component 53 drives the stirring component 43 to rotate, fully stirring the material in the inner melting chamber 4, which helps to speed up the melting speed of the scrap aluminum and improve the smelting efficiency. The vertical transmission mechanism in this embodiment is driven by a bevel gear 56.

[0034] The inner melting chamber 4 has a trumpet-shaped upper opening, and the inner diameter of the upper opening gradually increases from bottom to top. The trumpet-shaped upper opening design makes the melt smoother when emptying. In the process of the melt gradually expanding at the upper opening, the fluidity of the melt is optimized, the resistance of the melt at the upper opening is reduced, and it is easier to flow into the next stage of the smelting process, reducing the possibility of slag residue. In addition, the trumpet-shaped upper opening allows maintenance personnel to more easily enter the inner melting chamber 4 to inspect equipment, clean slag or perform other maintenance work, making the inspection and maintenance of the inner melting chamber 4 more convenient.

[0035] The above contents described in this specification are merely examples of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art of the present utility model may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or replace them in similar ways, as long as they do not deviate from the contents of the present utility model specification or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A scrap aluminum smelting furnace, comprising a dumping base and a furnace body, characterized in that: The furnace body includes an outer melting chamber, an inner melting chamber and a furnace cover. The furnace cover is provided with a feed port and a discharge port connected to the inner melting chamber. A first material guide channel is vertically provided below the inner melting chamber. A second material guide channel is obliquely provided at the lower end of the first material guide channel and passes through the outer melting chamber. A slag discharge port connected to the second material guide channel is provided below the outer melting chamber. The slag discharge port is provided with a valve body. The first material guide screw and the second material guide screw are respectively rotatably arranged in the first material guide channel and the second material guide screw. The first material guide screw and the second material guide screw are adapted to be equipped with a first driving component and a second driving component for driving them to rotate.

2. A scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner melting chamber presents a conical profile with a lower middle and a higher outer edge. A plurality of scrapers are coaxially fixed circumferentially above the first material guide screw, and the lower surfaces of the scrapers are in contact with the bottom of the inner melting chamber.

3. The scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second material guiding channel is provided with a reflux channel communicated with the upper opening of the inner melting chamber, and the side wall of the outer melting chamber is provided with a filter screen opening, in which a filter plate communicated with the reflux channel is arranged.

4. The scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pouring base is rotationally connected to the shell of the outer melting chamber. A group of worm gear mechanisms are provided on both sides of the outer melting chamber, one of which is directly driven by a third driving component, and the other is transmission-connected to the third driving component through a gear transmission mechanism.

5. The scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft is rotatably arranged below the furnace cover, and a fourth driving component for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is arranged above the furnace cover. A plurality of stirring components are coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft. The stirring components include a sleeve seat fixed on the rotating shaft, and oblique stirring blades are evenly fixed on the outer circumference of the sleeve seat.

6. A scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The furnace cover is rotatably provided with a cover plate at one side of the discharge port, and the cover plate is driven to rotate and cover the discharge port by a fifth driving component.

7. The scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed port is rotatably provided with two crushing wheels, which rotate in opposite directions through the meshing transmission of gear shafts, and the gear shaft of any crushing wheel is connected and driven by the fourth driving component through a vertical transmission mechanism.

8. The scrap aluminum smelting furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner melting chamber adopts a trumpet-shaped upper opening, and the inner diameter of the upper opening gradually increases from bottom to top.

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