The invention discloses a buoyancy scanning multiphase liquid location surface detection method, and it is: vertical reciprocating the uniform speed pulling floater, and when it touching liquid location or surface, it produces pulling force mutation, and scanning to detect the mutation moment, and multiplying the floater running speed and time, then amending with the initiation location, so as to come up with the accurate liquid location or surface height value. The detecting device to implement the said detecting method includes the signal processing host, the floater, the driven motor and the pulling sensor, and the floater, whose overall average density greater than the density of measured liquid, has the flat bottom, the pulling sensor connecting on the floater traction line in series, the pulling sensor signals sending into the signal processing host through data transmission channel, the switch signals of the driven motor electrical controller connecting to the signal processing host. The technology scheme can detect the liquid location or surface under the changing conditions of the measured liquid density, and also detect the multi-media crossing surface or liquid location of different densities, each un-mixed multiple liquids and liquid-solid-coexistence, and it has the technical features of simple technical compose, accurate detection, broad application.