The present invention relates to the field of
inflammation. More specifically, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating cerebral
inflammation and associated sequelae thereof including
cerebral vasospasm. In one embodiment, a method for treating
cerebral vasospasm in a patient comprises the step of administering to the patient a PD-1
agonist, wherein a blood sample obtained from the patient comprises elevated PD-1 expression on monocytes relative to a control.