The invention discloses a U-shaped aqueduct truss type all-steel formwork construction method. A formwork used in the method comprises a steel bottom plate, a supporting frame, outer side formworks, a bottom formwork and an inner formwork. The steel bottom plate is arranged at the bottom, the supporting frame is erected above the steel bottom plate, the bottom formwork is arranged above the supporting frame, the bottom formwork is located in the middle of the bottom of the whole aqueduct formwork and used for being connected with the outer side formworks symmetrically arranged on the two sides, the inner side faces of the outer side formworks are in an arc shape attached to a U-shaped aqueduct, and the outer side faces of the outer side formworks are vertically provided with supporting columns on the inner sides. The inner formwork is arranged above the outer formwork, a reinforcement cage is arranged between the inner formwork and the outer formwork, and a U-shaped aqueduct pouring cavity is formed between the inner formwork and the outer formwork; and the inner formwork is of a U-shaped structure, and a plurality of pouring holes are formed in the inner formwork. According to the U-shaped aqueduct truss type all-steel formwork construction method, one-time forming construction of aqueduct reinforced concrete is achieved through the formworks, the stable structure guarantees the forming section of the aqueduct, and the pouring holes are reasonably formed so that the flow passing face of the aqueduct can be smooth and flat; and the whole truss structure is not provided with concrete-penetrating opposite-pulling steel bars, so that the hidden danger of overflowing leakage corrosion of the aqueduct caused by the concrete-penetrating opposite-pulling steel bars is solved.