Device and method for preparing chemicals by directly cracking crude oil

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing chemicals by directly cracking crude oil. One end of the reaction tube penetrates through the top wall of the spouted bed and extends into the spouted bed; the flow guide pipe is arranged in the spouted bed and is communicated with the air inlet, and the flow guide pipe corresponds to one end, extending into the spouted bed, of the reaction pipe; the first induction heating device and the second induction heating device are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the vertical part of the reaction tube and the outer wall of the spouted bed; the input end of the separator is communicated with one end, far away from the spouted bed, of the reaction tube; the first output end of the separator is communicated with the input end of the cooling and separating device, and the second output end of the separator is communicated with the fine coke particle storage area; the first output end of the cooling and separating device is communicated with the cracking product area, the second output end of the cooling and separating device is communicated with the gas inlet, and the third output end of the cooling and separating device is communicated with the nozzle. The continuous fluidized discharge of the second coarse coke particles generated by the crude oil is realized, the coking tendency in the reaction tube is reduced, and the cracking and operation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of cracking technology, and in particular to a device and method for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals. Background Art

[0002] Traditional fuel vehicles are gradually being replaced by new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles due to emission issues, resulting in a significant reduction in the demand for gasoline and diesel. This trend not only affects the consumption pattern of petroleum products, but also poses new challenges to the processing and utilization of crude oil.

[0003] At present, one of the main ways to process crude oil is steam cracking, which is mainly used to produce chemicals such as olefins and aromatics. However, the existing steam cracking process uses a tubular furnace reactor. Under high temperature and long-term operation, the heavy components in the crude oil are easily deposited on the inner wall of the tubular furnace reactor to form coke. This not only reduces the heat transfer efficiency of the reactor, but may also cause the tubular furnace reactor to be blocked, affecting the continuity and stability of the production process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a device and method for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals, thereby solving the technical problem in the prior art that when crude oil is cracked using a tubular furnace reactor, heavy components in the crude oil are easily deposited on the inner wall of the tubular furnace reactor to form coke, thereby reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the reactor.

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals, comprising a spouted bed, a reaction tube, a guide pipe, a separator, a cooling and separation device, a first induction heating device, a second induction heating device and an internal structure component; a plurality of nozzles are arranged circumferentially on the top wall of the spouted bed, and an air inlet is arranged on the bottom wall thereof, the plurality of nozzles forming an annular structure, the nozzles being configured to atomize crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor, and a discharge port being arranged on the side wall of the spouted bed; one end of the reaction tube passes through the top wall of the spouted bed and extends into the spouted bed; the guide pipe is arranged in the spouted bed and corresponds to the air inlet, and the diameter of the air inlet is larger than the diameter of the guide pipe; the guide pipe corresponds to one end of the reaction tube extending into the spouted bed, and the guide pipe is configured to deliver cracked gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles into the reaction tube; the reaction tube, the internal structure component, the spouted bed and the guide pipe All of them are made of metal; the internal components are arranged in the vertical part of the reaction tube, and are configured to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the reaction tube; the first induction heating device and the second induction heating device are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the vertical part of the reaction tube and the outer wall of the spouted bed, and are configured to heat the metal wall surfaces of the reaction tube, the internal components, the spouted bed and the guide tube respectively; the input end of the separator is connected to the end of the reaction tube away from the spouted bed, and is configured to separate the oil gas and fine coke particles after cracking in the reaction tube; the first output end of the separator is connected to the input end of the cooling separation device, and the second output end of the separator is connected to the fine coke particle storage area; the first output end of the cooling separation device is connected to the cracking product area, the second output end of the cooling separation device is connected to the air inlet, and the third output end of the cooling separation device is connected to the plurality of nozzles.

[0006] In the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the reaction tube includes a vertical tube and a horizontal tube; one end of the vertical tube passes through the top wall of the spouted bed and extends into the spouted bed, and the vertical tube is coaxial with the guide tube; both ends of the horizontal tube are respectively connected to an end of the vertical tube away from the guide tube and an input end of the separator.

[0007] In a first aspect, in a possible implementation, the internal structure includes sleeves of equal diameters arranged in a plurality of the vertical tubes; the plurality of sleeves are coaxial with the vertical tubes, and the material resistivity gradually decreases from the innermost sleeve to the outermost sleeve, so as to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tubes.

[0008] In a first aspect, in a possible implementation, the internal structure includes a sleeve with a variable diameter distribution arranged in a plurality of the vertical tubes; the plurality of the sleeves are coaxial with the vertical tubes, and the material resistivity of the plurality of the sleeves is equal to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tubes.

[0009] In a first aspect, in a possible implementation, the bottom of the spouted bed is an inverted cone structure.

[0010] In a first aspect, in a possible implementation, the first induction heating device includes a first induction coil and a first induction power supply; the first induction coil is wound around the outer wall of the vertical portion of the reaction tube, and both ends of the first induction coil are connected to the first induction power supply,

[0011] In a first aspect, in a possible implementation, the second induction heating device includes a second induction coil and a second induction power supply; the second induction coil is wound around the outer wall of the spouted bed, and both ends of the second induction coil are connected to the second induction power supply.

[0012] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil, using the apparatus for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0013] First coarse coke particles are added into the spouted bed to form bed particles, preheated gas is introduced through the air inlet of the spouted bed, and the bed particles are fluidized by using a draft tube;

[0014] The second induction heating device is started, and the current and the current frequency thereof are adjusted to heat the spouted bed, the metal wall surface of the draft tube and the first coarse coke particles inside to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature;

[0015] Then, the first induction heating device is started, and the metal wall surface and internal components of the reaction tube are heated to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature by adjusting the current magnitude and current frequency;

[0016] Crude oil and water vapor are sprayed into the spouted bed through a nozzle to cause evaporation, vaporization and cracking reactions. The gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles produced after the cracking reaction are sent to a reaction tube for further cracking, while the liquid heavy fraction produced after the cracking reaction contacts the first coarse coke particles and moves downward through the annular gap area of ​​the spouted bed, heats up and cracks to generate second coarse coke particles, wherein the second coarse coke particles are wrapped around the surface of the first coarse coke particles, and part of the second coarse coke particles and the first coarse coke particles are transported to the coke zone through a discharge port;

[0017] The gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube undergo further cracking reactions and are separated into fine coke particles and oil and gas by a separator;

[0018] The oil and gas enter the cooling and separation device, and the separated small molecule alkanes and low-value olefins are circulated to the air inlet of the spouted bed as fluidizing gas and cracking raw materials to continue to participate in the cracking reaction;

[0019] The cracking products separated by the cooling separation device are transported to the cracking product zone, while the separated recycled oil is returned to the nozzle to continue to participate in the cracking reaction.

[0020] In a second aspect, in a possible implementation, preheated gaseous hydrocarbons and water vapor are introduced into the gas inlet of the spouted bed.

[0021] In a second aspect, in a possible implementation, the gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube further undergo cracking reaction, and fine coke particles and oil and gas are separated by a separator, further comprising:

[0022] Part of the fine coke particles separated by the separator are transported to the spouted bed as bed particles.

[0023] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects:

[0024] The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a spouted bed, a reaction tube, a guide tube, a separator, a cooling and separation device, a first induction heating device, a second induction heating device and an internal component. Crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor are atomized through a plurality of nozzles arranged circumferentially on the top wall of the spouted bed. These nozzles form an annular structure, which provides a good space for evaporation, boiling and vaporization of crude oil and recycled oil, thereby avoiding direct contact between crude oil droplets and the first coarse coke particles and reducing the tendency to coke. At the same time, the atomization effect of the nozzle causes the crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor to form tiny droplets, which increases the reaction area and significantly improves the cracking efficiency. The gas introduced into the air inlet works together with the guide tube to form a spouting state of the raw materials in the spouted bed, and this flow state is conducive to the cracking reaction. The spouted bed is used as a primary cracking reactor for crude oil, and most of the second coarse coke particles generated are wrapped on the surface of the first coarse coke particles. These particles can be discharged through the discharge port of the spouted bed, which solves the problem that the existing crude oil is easy to coke when cracked using a tubular furnace reactor. A reaction tube is set on the upper part of the spouted bed, which promotes the in-depth progress of the secondary cracking reaction and further improves the conversion rate. The use of the separator and the cooling separation device realizes the effective separation of the cracking products, while the small molecular alkanes, low-value olefins and recycled oil can be recycled, improving the resource utilization rate. In addition, the device uses the first coarse coke particles with low resistivity as the bed particles, and utilizes the characteristics of dense accumulation and high concentration of particles in the annular gap area of ​​the spouted bed to strengthen the eddy effect of the heating zone, thereby improving the heating efficiency. In summary, the device for direct cracking of crude oil to produce chemicals realizes the effective atomization of crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor through careful design, avoids the tendency of coking, and improves the cracking efficiency. The use of the spouted bed and the reaction tube enables the continuous fluidization discharge of the second coarse coke particles generated by the crude oil, improving the operating efficiency. At the same time, the use of the separator and the cooling separation device realizes the effective separation of cracking products and the recycling of resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A sleeve with variable diameter distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3The casing with equal diameter distribution provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a process flow chart of the method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Icons: 1- spouted bed; 11- nozzle; 12- air inlet; 13- discharge port; 14- inverted cone structure; 2- reaction tube; 21- vertical tube; 22- horizontal tube; 3- flow guide tube; 4- separator; 5- cooling and separation device; 6- first induction heating device; 61- first induction coil; 62- first induction power supply; 7- second induction heating device; 71- second induction coil; 72- second induction power supply; 8- internal components; 81- casing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. The terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] The present application provides a device for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the device for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals includes a spouted bed 1, a reaction tube 2, a flow guide tube 3, a separator 4, a cooling and separation device 5, a first induction heating device 6, a second induction heating device 7 and an internal component 8. A plurality of nozzles 11 are arranged circumferentially on the top wall of the spouted bed 1, and an air inlet 12 is arranged on the bottom wall thereof, the plurality of nozzles 11 form an annular structure, the nozzles 11 are configured to atomize crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor, and a discharge port 13 is arranged on the side wall of the spouted bed 1; one end of the reaction tube 2 passes through the top wall of the spouted bed 1 and extends into the spouted bed 1; a guide pipe 3 is arranged in the spouted bed 1 and corresponds to the air inlet 12, and the diameter of the air inlet 12 is larger than the diameter of the guide pipe 3; the guide pipe 3 corresponds to the end of the reaction tube 2 extending into the spouted bed 1, and the guide pipe 3 is configured to deliver cracked gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles into the reaction tube 2; the reaction tube 2, the internal component 8, the spouted bed 1 and the guide pipe 3 are all made of metal; the internal component 8 is arranged in the vertical part of the reaction tube 2 and is configured to heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles uniformly. The gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles in the reaction tube 2; the first induction heating device 6 and the second induction heating device 7 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the vertical part of the reaction tube 2 and the outer wall of the spouted bed 1, and are configured to heat the metal wall surfaces of the reaction tube 2, the internal component 8, the spouted bed 1 and the guide tube 3 respectively; the input end of the separator 4 is connected to the end of the reaction tube 2 away from the spouted bed 1, and is configured to separate the oil gas and fine coke particles after cracking through the reaction tube 2; the first output end of the separator 4 is connected to the input end of the cooling and separation device 5, and the second output end of the separator 4 is connected to the fine coke particle storage area; the first output end of the cooling and separation device 5 is connected to the cracking product area, the second output end of the cooling and separation device 5 is connected to the air inlet 12, and the third output end of the cooling and separation device 5 is connected to multiple nozzles 11. The cracking product area stores chemicals such as olefins and aromatics.

[0034] Specifically, one end of the reaction tube 2 passes through the top wall of the spouted bed 1 and extends into the middle of the spouted bed 1. The design of the reaction tube 2 extending into the middle of the spouted bed 1 helps to reduce pressure fluctuations and temperature gradients during the reaction process, thereby improving the safety and stability of the device.

[0035] Furthermore, first coarse coke particles are added into the spouted bed 1 to form bed particles.

[0036] It should be noted that crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor are atomized through multiple nozzles 11 arranged circumferentially on the top wall of the spouted bed 1. These nozzles 11 form an annular structure, which provides a good space for the evaporation, boiling and vaporization of crude oil and recycled oil, thereby avoiding direct contact between crude oil droplets and the first coarse coke particles and reducing the tendency to coke. At the same time, the atomization effect of the nozzle 11 causes the crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor to form tiny droplets, increasing the reaction area and significantly improving the cracking efficiency. The gas introduced by the air inlet 12 works together with the guide tube 3 to form a spouting state for the raw materials in the spouted bed 1. This flow state is conducive to the cracking reaction. The spouted bed 1 is used as a primary cracking reactor for crude oil. Most of the second coarse coke particles generated are wrapped on the surface of the first coarse coke particles. These particles can be discharged through the discharge port 13 of the spouted bed 1, which solves the problem that the existing crude oil is easy to coke when cracked using a tubular furnace reactor. A reaction tube 2 is arranged on the upper part of the spouted bed 1, which promotes the in-depth progress of the secondary cracking reaction and further improves the conversion rate. The use of the separator 4 and the cooling separation device 5 realizes the effective separation of the cracking products, and at the same time, small molecular alkanes, low-value olefins and recycled oil can be recycled, thereby improving resource utilization. In addition, the device uses the first coarse coke particles with low resistivity as bed particles, and utilizes the characteristics of dense accumulation and high concentration of particles in the annular gap area of ​​the spouted bed 1 to strengthen the eddy effect of the heating zone, thereby improving the heating efficiency. Therefore, through careful design, the device realizes the effective atomization of crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor, avoids the tendency of coking, and improves the cracking efficiency. The use of the spouted bed 1 and the reaction tube 2 promotes the in-depth progress of the cracking reaction and improves the conversion rate. At the same time, through the use of the separator 4 and the cooling separation device 5, the effective separation of the cracking products and the recycling of resources are achieved.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the reaction tube 2 includes a vertical tube 21 and a horizontal tube 22. One end of the vertical tube 21 passes through the top wall of the spouted bed 1 and extends into the spouted bed 1, and the vertical tube 21 is coaxial with the guide tube 3. Both ends of the horizontal tube 22 are respectively connected to one end of the vertical tube 21 away from the guide tube 3 and the input end of the separator 4.

[0038] It should be noted that the coaxial design of the vertical tube 21 and the draft tube 3 ensures that the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles can enter the reaction tube 2 quickly and efficiently.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the internal component 8 includes sleeves 81 of equal diameters arranged in a plurality of vertical tubes 21. The plurality of sleeves 81 are coaxial with the vertical tubes 21, and the material resistivity gradually decreases from the innermost sleeve 81 to the outermost sleeve 81, so as to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tubes 21.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the internal component 8 includes sleeves 81 with variable diameters arranged in a plurality of vertical tubes 21. The plurality of sleeves 81 are coaxial with the vertical tubes 21, and the material resistivity of the plurality of sleeves 81 is equal to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tubes 21.

[0041] It should be noted that the sleeve 81 can ensure that the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles are evenly and fully heated in the vertical tube 21. This uniform heating not only helps the in-depth cracking reaction, but also improves the overall heating efficiency, making the cracking process more efficient.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the bottom of the spouted bed 1 is an inverted cone structure 14, and the discharge port 13 is arranged on the side wall of the inverted cone structure 14. This structure makes it easier for the first coarse coke particles on both sides of the guide tube 3 to slide toward the discharge port 13 area, thereby reducing the formation of dead zones.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the first induction heating device 6 includes a first induction coil 61 and a first induction power supply 62 .

[0044] The first induction coil 61 is wound around the outer wall of the vertical portion of the reaction tube 2 , and both ends of the first induction coil 61 are connected to a first induction power source 62 .

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the second induction heating device 7 includes a second induction coil 71 and a second induction power supply 72 .

[0046] The second induction coil 71 is wound around the outer wall of the spouted bed 1 , and both ends of the second induction coil 71 are connected to a second induction power source 72 .

[0047] It should be noted that the first induction heating device 6 and the second induction heating device 7 of the present application both adopt electromagnetic induction heating, which has no carbon dioxide emissions and is environmentally friendly.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil, using the above-mentioned device for directly cracking of crude oil to produce chemicals, the method comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1: first coarse coke particles are added into the spouted bed 1 to form bed particles, preheated gas is introduced through the gas inlet 12 of the spouted bed 1, and the bed particles are fluidized by using the draft tube 3.

[0050] It should be noted that the particle size of the first coarse coke particles is 0.1-10 mm, and the temperature of the preheated gas is 200-500°C.

[0051] S2: Start the second induction heating device 7, and heat the spouted bed 1, the metal wall surface of the guide tube 3 and the first coarse coke particles inside to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature by adjusting the current size and current frequency.

[0052] It should be noted that the current frequency is 1-500kHz, the current magnitude is 10-100A; and the predetermined pyrolysis temperature is 600-900°C.

[0053] S3: Then, the first induction heating device 6 is started, and the metal wall surface and the internal components 8 of the reaction tube 2 are heated to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature by adjusting the current magnitude and the current frequency.

[0054] It should be noted that the current frequency is 1-500kHz, the current magnitude is 10-100A, and the predetermined pyrolysis temperature is 700-1000°C.

[0055] S4: Crude oil and water vapor are sprayed into the spouted bed 1 through the nozzle 11, and evaporation, vaporization and cracking reactions occur. The gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles produced after the cracking reaction are sent to the reaction tube 2 for further cracking, and the liquid heavy fraction produced after the cracking reaction contacts the first coarse coke particles and moves downward through the annular gap area of ​​the spouted bed 1, heats up and cracks to generate second coarse coke particles, wherein the second coarse coke particles are coated on the surface of the first coarse coke particles, and part of the second coarse coke particles and the first coarse coke particles are transported to the coke area through the discharge port 13;

[0056] S5: The gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube 2 undergo further cracking reaction, and fine coke particles and oil and gas are separated through the separator 4.

[0057] It should be noted that the separator 4 is a cyclone separator.

[0058] S6: The oil and gas enter the cooling and separation device 5, and the separated small molecule alkanes and low-value olefins are circulated and sent to the air inlet 12 of the spouted bed 1 as fluidizing gas and cracking raw materials to continue to participate in the cracking reaction.

[0059] S7: The cracking products separated by the cooling separation device 5 are transported to the cracking product zone, while the separated recycled oil is returned to the nozzle 11 to continue to participate in the cracking reaction.

[0060] It should be noted that the oil and gas enter the cooling and separation device 5, and the separated small molecule alkanes and low-value olefins are recycled as fluidizing gas and cracking raw materials, further improving the energy utilization rate. The recycled oil separated by the oil and gas entering the cooling and separation device 5 is returned to the nozzle 11 to continue to participate in the cracking reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the raw materials and the purity of the products. The first coarse coke particles, as bed particles, not only provide a place for the cracking reaction, but also strengthen the eddy current effect of the heating zone through their low resistivity characteristics, thereby improving the heating efficiency. This method not only improves the cracking efficiency and product quality, but also reduces production costs by recycling cracking products and energy. The second coarse coke particles produced can be used as raw materials for the production of high-value products such as graphite electrodes, further improving the economic benefits. Therefore, the method for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes the efficient and stable progress of the cracking reaction, optimizes the distribution of cracking products, improves energy utilization and economic benefits, and reduces energy consumption and environmental pollution.

[0061] Specifically, the first coarse coke particles and the second coarse coke particles of the present application are both petroleum coke particles.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the preheated gaseous hydrocarbons and water vapor are introduced into the air inlet 12 of the spouted bed 1 .

[0063] It should be noted that water vapor can reduce the hydrocarbon partial pressure and reduce the tendency to coke. This preheating treatment makes the cracking reaction more efficient and can achieve a higher conversion rate at a lower temperature.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube 2 are further cracked and separated into fine coke particles and oil and gas by the separator 4, and further comprising:

[0065] Part of the fine coke particles separated by the separator 4 are transported to the spouted bed 1 as bed particles to absorb heat.

[0066] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0067] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for directly cracking crude oil to produce chemicals, characterized in that: It comprises a spouted bed (1), a reaction tube (2), a flow guide tube (3), a separator (4), a cooling and separation device (5), a first induction heating device (6), a second induction heating device (7) and an internal component (8); A plurality of nozzles (11) are arranged in the circumferential direction of the top wall of the spouted bed (1), and an air inlet (12) is arranged on the bottom wall thereof, the plurality of nozzles (11) form an annular structure, the nozzles (11) are configured to atomize crude oil, recycled oil and water vapor, and a discharge port (13) is arranged on the side wall of the spouted bed (1); One end of the reaction tube (2) passes through the top wall of the spouted bed (1) and extends into the spouted bed (1); The flow guide pipe (3) is arranged in the spouted bed (1) and corresponds to the air inlet (12), and the diameter of the air inlet (12) is larger than the diameter of the flow guide pipe (3); The guide pipe (3) corresponds to one end of the reaction tube (2) extending into the spouted bed (1), and the guide pipe (3) is configured to deliver cracked gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles into the reaction tube (2); The reaction tube (2), the internal component (8), the spouted bed (1) and the flow guide pipe (3) are all made of metal; The internal component (8) is arranged in the vertical portion of the reaction tube (2) and is configured to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the reaction tube (2); The first induction heating device (6) and the second induction heating device (7) are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the vertical part of the reaction tube (2) and the outer wall of the spouted bed (1), and are configured to heat the metal wall surfaces of the reaction tube (2), the internal component (8), the spouted bed (1) and the guide tube (3) respectively; The input end of the separator (4) is connected to an end of the reaction tube (2) away from the spouted bed (1), and is configured to separate the oil gas and fine coke particles after cracking through the reaction tube (2); The first output end of the separator (4) is connected to the input end of the cooling separation device (5), and the second output end of the separator (4) is connected to the fine coke particle storage area; The first output end of the cooling and separation device (5) is connected to the cracking product zone, the second output end of the cooling and separation device (5) is connected to the air inlet (12), and the third output end of the cooling and separation device (5) is connected to the plurality of nozzles (11).

2. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction tube (2) comprises a vertical tube (21) and a horizontal tube (22); One end of the vertical pipe (21) passes through the top wall of the spouted bed (1) and extends into the spouted bed (1), and the vertical pipe (21) and the flow guide pipe (3) are coaxial. Both ends of the horizontal pipe (22) are respectively connected to an end of the vertical pipe (21) away from the flow guide pipe (3) and an input end of the separator (4).

3. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner component (8) comprises sleeves (81) of equal diameters arranged in the plurality of vertical pipes (21); The plurality of sleeves (81) are coaxial with the vertical tube (21), and the material resistivity gradually decreases from the innermost sleeve (81) to the outermost sleeve (81), so as to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tube (21).

4. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner component (8) comprises sleeves (81) of variable diameters arranged in the plurality of vertical pipes (21); The plurality of sleeves (81) are coaxial with the vertical tube (21), and the material resistivity of the plurality of sleeves (81) is equal so as to uniformly heat the gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles entering the vertical tube (21).

5. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the spouted bed (1) is an inverted cone structure (14).

6. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first induction heating device (6) comprises a first induction coil (61) and a first induction power supply (62); The first induction coil (61) is wound around the outer wall of the vertical portion of the reaction tube (2), and both ends of the first induction coil (61) are connected to the first induction power supply (62).

7. The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second induction heating device (7) comprises a second induction coil (71) and a second induction power supply (72); The second induction coil (71) is wound around the outer wall of the spouted bed (1), and both ends of the second induction coil (71) are connected to the second induction power supply (72).

8. A method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil, characterized in that: The device for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: First coarse coke particles are added into the spouted bed (1) to form bed particles, preheated gas is introduced through the air inlet (12) of the spouted bed (1), and the bed particles are fluidized using a draft tube (3); The second induction heating device (7) is started, and the current magnitude and current frequency thereof are adjusted to heat the spouted bed (1), the metal wall surface of the flow guide tube (3) and the first coarse coke particles inside to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature; Then, the first induction heating device (6) is started, and the metal wall surface and the internal components (8) of the reaction tube (2) are heated to a predetermined pyrolysis temperature by adjusting the current magnitude and the current frequency; Crude oil and water vapor are sprayed into a spouted bed (1) through a nozzle (11) to cause evaporation, vaporization, and cracking reactions. The gaseous hydrocarbons and fine coke particles produced after the cracking reaction are sent to a reaction tube (2) for further cracking, while the liquid heavy fraction produced after the cracking reaction contacts the first coarse coke particles and moves downward through the annular gap of the spouted bed (1), is heated, and cracked to generate second coarse coke particles, wherein the second coarse coke particles are coated on the surface of the first coarse coke particles, and part of the second coarse coke particles and the first coarse coke particles are transported to a coke zone through a discharge port (13); The gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube (2) further undergo cracking reactions and are separated into fine coke particles and oil and gas through a separator (4); The oil and gas enter the cooling and separation device (5), and the separated small molecule alkanes and low-value olefins are circulated and sent to the air inlet (12) of the spouted bed (1) as fluidizing gas and cracking raw materials to continue to participate in the cracking reaction; The cracking products separated by the cooling separation device (5) are transported to the cracking product zone, while the separated recycled oil is returned to the nozzle (11) to continue to participate in the cracking reaction.

9. The method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 8, characterized in that: Preheated gaseous hydrocarbons and water vapor are introduced into the gas inlet (12) of the spouted bed (1).

10. The method for producing chemicals by direct cracking of crude oil according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gaseous hydrocarbons in the reaction tube (2) further undergo cracking reactions and are separated into fine coke particles and oil and gas through a separator (4), which also includes: Part of the fine coke particles separated by the separator (4) are transported to the spouted bed (1) as bed particles.

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