Edible mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method, and relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and the edible fungus culture medium comprises the following components by mass: 10-20 parts of a seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 5-15 parts of insect protein powder, 15-25 parts of biological carbon fiber, 10-20 parts of corncob powder, 0.5-2 parts of a natural silicon source, a proper amount of a trace element solution, and a proper amount of water. The algal polysaccharide matrix is obtained by extracting algal polysaccharides, including algin or alginic acid, from algae in hot water, the insect protein powder is prepared by drying, crushing and carrying out enzymolysis on yellow mealworms or fly maggots, the biochar fibers are prepared by pyrolyzing bamboo or crop straws, and the natural silicon source is diatomite, bentonite or perlite; the particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-sized, and the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese elements. The culture medium has the beneficial effects that the problems of unbalanced nutrition, poor physical performance, weak disease resistance and the like of the culture medium in the prior art are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular to an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Edible fungi refer to large fungi that can be eaten by humans. They are deeply loved by consumers because they are rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins, minerals, and have unique flavors and medicinal value. The cultivation of edible fungi not only meets people's needs for nutrition and health, but also has environmental and economic benefits, such as using agricultural waste as culture medium raw materials, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting resource recycling.

[0003] However, traditional edible fungus culture media mainly use agricultural by-products such as sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and straw as the main raw materials. These raw materials have problems such as unstable supply and single nutritional ingredients, which make it difficult to meet the requirements of high yield and high quality of edible fungi. At the same time, over-reliance on resources such as wood will also increase the consumption of forest resources, which is not conducive to environmental protection.

[0004] In addition, the existing culture medium needs to be improved in terms of water retention, air permeability and physical structure. Insufficient water retention of the culture medium will lead to slow mycelium growth, and poor air permeability will easily cause an anaerobic environment, affecting mycelium respiration and growth. At the same time, the disease resistance and stress resistance of the culture medium are also important factors affecting the yield and quality of edible fungi. The existing culture medium is difficult to effectively prevent and control pests and diseases and environmental pressure.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of edible fungus culture medium that utilizes renewable resources, provides rich nutrition, improves physical structure, and enhances disease resistance, thereby increasing the growth rate, yield, and quality of edible fungi, meeting market demand, and promoting the sustainable development of the edible fungus industry.

[0006] How to solve the above technical problems is the subject faced by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an edible fungus culture medium and a preparation method thereof, which effectively solve the problems of unbalanced culture medium nutrition, poor physical properties, weak disease resistance, etc. existing in the prior art.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the present invention provides an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] 10-20 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 5-15 parts of insect protein powder, 15-25 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 10-20 parts of corn cob powder, 0.5-2 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0010] The seaweed polysaccharide matrix is ​​seaweed polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, including alginate or alginic acid, the mass ratio of seaweed to water is 1:20-1:30, and it is obtained by extraction at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours.

[0011] The insect protein powder is prepared by drying and crushing yellow mealworms or fly maggots, and adding neutral or alkaline protease for enzymolysis at 50-60° C. for 2-4 hours.

[0012] The biochar fiber is obtained by pyrolysis of bamboo or crop straw under oxygen-limited conditions at 500-600°C and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0013] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0014] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0015] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0016] Add 0.5-1 gram of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 gram of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.5 gram of copper sulfate, and 0.2-0.5 gram of manganese sulfate per liter of water, with a total concentration of 0.05-0.2%.

[0017] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Dry and crush the seaweed, add pure water at a seaweed to water mass ratio of 1:20-1:30, then perform hot water extraction at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours, filter, and obtain an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution. By performing hot water extraction on the seaweed, an extract rich in seaweed polysaccharides (such as alginate, alginic acid) is obtained. Seaweed polysaccharides (such as alginate, alginic acid) have excellent water retention and biological activity, can provide rich organic matter and growth-promoting factors for the culture medium, and help to improve the growth rate and stress resistance of edible fungus mycelium.

[0019] Dried mealworms or fly maggots are crushed and added to water, and 1-2 parts of neutral or alkaline protease are added to every 100 parts of insect protein powder. The enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 50-60°C for 2-4 hours, and the insect protein liquid is obtained after the enzyme is inactivated for use. The insect protein powder is enzymatically hydrolyzed to decompose it into small molecule peptides and amino acids, which significantly improves the bioavailability of the protein. The enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein liquid is easily absorbed by mycelium, providing an efficient nitrogen source and promoting the rapid growth and development of mycelium.

[0020] The raw materials of bamboo or crop straw are soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 1-5% for 2-4 hours, and then washed with pure water until neutral. The bamboo or crop straw is pickled to remove impurities and metal ions, and the purity of the raw materials is improved. The raw materials after pickling are more likely to form biochar fibers with a porous structure during pyrolysis, thereby enhancing their adsorption capacity and biocompatibility. After drying, the bamboo or crop straw is pyrolyzed at 500-600°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fibers, and the biochar fibers and corn cobs are crushed. The biochar fibers are obtained by pyrolysis under oxygen-limited conditions, and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, which can increase the specific surface area. The porous structure of the biochar fibers improves the air permeability and water retention of the culture medium, and provides a good physical environment for the growth of mycelium.

[0021] The biochar fiber is crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cob is dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm. The corn cob is rich in cellulose, which provides a continuous carbon source for edible fungi and improves the structural stability of the culture medium.

[0022] Step 2: Mix the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution rich in multiple nutrients, provide comprehensive organic nutrients for edible fungi, and promote vigorous growth of mycelium.

[0023] Biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture. Biochar fiber and corn cob powder improve the structure of the culture medium, and the natural silicon source provides silicon to enhance the cell wall strength and stress resistance of the mycelium. 0.5-1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture to provide additional phosphorus and potassium elements. Phosphorus is involved in energy metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis, and potassium regulates cell osmotic pressure and enzyme activity, which helps to improve the growth rate, yield and quality of edible fungi.

[0024] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0025] Step 3: Add trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, use lime or phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 6.5-7.5, and add appropriate amount of water as needed; add trace elements such as zinc, iron, copper, and manganese. These elements are the active centers of enzymes, participate in important physiological metabolic processes, promote the healthy growth of mycelium, and improve the quality of edible fungi.

[0026] During the conditioning process, add 0.1-0.5 parts of chitosan to the culture medium and mix thoroughly. Chitosan has natural antibacterial properties, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the risk of contamination. At the same time, chitosan can also promote the synthesis of mycelial cell walls, enhance the disease resistance and growth rate of edible fungi.

[0027] During the adjustment process, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 60-65% by measuring the dry-wet base moisture content and adding water as needed. The appropriate moisture content is conducive to the metabolic activity of the mycelium and prevents poor growth caused by excessive dryness or excessive moisture.

[0028] Step 4: Put the evenly mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high-pressure steam at 121° C. for 1-2 hours, which can effectively kill the bacteria and spores in the culture medium, provide a sterile culture environment, prevent contamination by bacteria, and ensure the pure growth of edible fungi.

[0029] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment to avoid damage to the strains caused by high temperature, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and culture them in a sealed manner to ensure that the strains quickly colonize and grow in a sterile and suitable environment, thereby shortening the culture cycle.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. The addition of seaweed polysaccharide matrix provides rich organic matter and bioactive substances to the culture medium. Seaweed polysaccharides (such as alginate and alginic acid) have good water retention and gel properties, which can improve the water retention capacity of the culture medium, maintain a suitable humidity environment, and promote the rapid growth of mycelium. In addition, seaweed polysaccharides contain a variety of trace elements and growth factors, which help to enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of edible fungi.

[0032] 2. As an efficient nitrogen source, insect protein powder is rich in a variety of essential amino acids and can provide sufficient protein and nutrients for edible fungi. After enzymatic hydrolysis, insect protein is decomposed into small molecule peptides and amino acids, which are easily absorbed and utilized by mycelium, accelerating the growth and development of mycelium. The use of insect protein powder also has environmental significance, reducing dependence on traditional protein sources and promoting the recycling of resources.

[0033] 3. The addition of biochar fiber improves the physical structure of the culture medium. Biochar fiber has porosity and good adsorption properties, which can improve the air permeability and water retention of the culture medium and promote the transfer of oxygen and water in the culture medium. At the same time, the surface of biochar fiber has rich functional groups, which can adsorb and slowly release nutrients, providing a stable nutrient supply for mycelium growth.

[0034] 4. Corncob powder, as a carbon source, is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, which can provide edible fungi with the carbohydrates they need for growth. The addition of corncob powder further improves the structure of the culture medium, enhancing its air permeability and water retention. The use of agricultural waste such as corncobs is conducive to the reuse of resources and the reduction of environmental pollution.

[0035] 5. The addition of natural silicon sources (such as diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and perlite) provides the necessary silicon element for edible fungi. Silicon can enhance the cell wall strength of mycelium and improve the stress resistance and disease resistance of edible fungi. The micron-level natural silicon source particle size helps to evenly distribute in the culture medium and exert its physical and chemical effects.

[0036] 6. The trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper, manganese and other elements. These trace elements are the active centers and cofactors of enzymes in the growth process of edible fungi and participate in a variety of physiological metabolic processes. The appropriate amount of trace element supplementation can improve the metabolic activity of mycelium and promote growth and development.

[0037] 7. In the process of adjusting the culture medium, adding chitosan has multiple effects. Chitosan has natural antibacterial properties, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria and reduce the occurrence of pollution. In addition, chitosan can also promote the growth of mycelium and improve the yield and quality of edible fungi.

[0038] 8. The addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides additional phosphorus and potassium elements for edible fungi. Phosphorus is an important component of energy metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis, while potassium plays a key role in cell osmotic pressure regulation and enzyme activity. Appropriate phosphorus and potassium supplementation helps to increase the growth rate and yield of edible fungi.

[0039] The above components work together in the culture medium to achieve the best effect. The seaweed polysaccharide matrix and biochar fiber jointly improve the water retention and air permeability of the culture medium, creating a good physical environment for mycelium growth. Insect protein powder, corn cob powder, trace element solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition to meet the needs of edible fungi growth. The addition of natural silicon source and chitosan enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of edible fungi and reduces the risks in the cultivation process.

[0040] The culture medium of the present invention significantly improves the growth rate, yield and quality of edible fungi by optimizing the raw material combination and preparation process, shortens the cultivation period, and reduces the incidence of pollution and diseases. At the same time, it utilizes renewable resources such as seaweed, insects, crop straw, corn cobs, etc., embodies the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development, and has good economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The following is a summary table of experimental results of the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through specific implementation methods.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] This embodiment is an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0045] 15 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 10 parts of insect protein powder, 20 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 15 parts of corn cob powder, 1 part of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0046] The seaweed polysaccharide matrix is ​​seaweed polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, including alginate or alginic acid, the mass ratio of seaweed to water is 1:25, and it is obtained by extraction at 85° C. for 2.5 hours.

[0047] The insect protein powder is prepared by drying and crushing yellow mealworms or fly maggots, and then adding neutral or alkaline protease for enzymolysis at 55°C for 3 hours.

[0048] The biochar fiber is prepared by pyrolysis of bamboo or crop straw under oxygen-limited conditions at 550° C. and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0049] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0050] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0051] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0052] Add 0.75 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.75 grams of ferrous sulfate, 0.35 grams of copper sulfate, and 0.35 grams of manganese sulfate per liter of water, with a total concentration of 0.1%.

[0053] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:25 between the seaweed and water, and then performing hot water extraction at 85° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution;

[0055] Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1.5 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 55°C for 3 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use;

[0056] The raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 3% for 3 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and then dried, and then pyrolyzed at 550°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fiber, and the biochar fiber and corn cob are crushed;

[0057] The biochar fibers were crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs were dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0058] Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution;

[0059] The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture, and 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added during the preparation of the solid mixture;

[0060] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0061] Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, use lime or phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed;

[0062] During the conditioning process, 0.3 parts of chitosan was added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly;

[0063] And during the adjustment process, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 62% by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis and adding water as needed;

[0064] Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 1.5 hours;

[0065] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

[0066] Embodiment 2

[0067] This embodiment is an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0068] 12 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 6 parts of insect protein powder, 17 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 12 parts of corn cob powder, 0.7 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0069] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0070] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0071] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0072] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0073] Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:22 between the seaweed and water, and then performing hot water extraction at 80° C. for 2 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution;

[0074] Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1.2 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 50°C for 2 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use;

[0075] The raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 3% for 2 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and after drying, the bamboo or crop straw is pyrolyzed at 500°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fiber, and the biochar fiber and corn cob are crushed;

[0076] The biochar fibers were crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs were dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0077] Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution;

[0078] The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture, and 0.6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture;

[0079] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0080] Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, use lime or phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 6.7, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed;

[0081] During the conditioning process, 0.2 parts of chitosan were added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly;

[0082] And in the adjustment process, by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis, water is added as needed to control the moisture content of the culture medium at 60%;

[0083] Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 1 hour;

[0084] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

[0085] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] Embodiment 3

[0087] This embodiment is an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0088] 18 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 14 parts of insect protein powder, 23 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 18 parts of corn cob powder, 1.8 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0089] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0090] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0091] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0092] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0093] Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:28 between the seaweed and water, and then performing hot water extraction at 90° C. for 3 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution;

[0094] Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1.8 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 60°C for 4 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use;

[0095] The raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 5% for 4 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and after drying, the bamboo or crop straw is pyrolyzed at 600°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fiber, and the biochar fiber and corn cob are crushed;

[0096] The biochar fibers were crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs were dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0097] Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution;

[0098] The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture, and 1.4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture;

[0099] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0100] Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7.4 with lime or phosphoric acid, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed;

[0101] During the conditioning process, 0.4 parts of chitosan were added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly;

[0102] And during the adjustment process, by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis, water is added as needed to control the moisture content of the culture medium at 64%;

[0103] Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 2 hours;

[0104] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

[0105] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0106] Embodiment 4

[0107] This embodiment is an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0108] 13 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 8 parts of insect protein powder, 19 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 14 parts of corn cob powder, 1.2 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0109] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0110] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0111] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0112] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0113] Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:23 between the seaweed and water, and then performing hot water extraction at 82° C. for 2.2 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution;

[0114] Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1.3 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 52°C for 2.5 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use;

[0115] The raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 2% for 2.5 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and after drying, the bamboo or crop straw is pyrolyzed at 530° C. under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fiber, and the biochar fiber and corn cob are crushed;

[0116] The biochar fibers were crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs were dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0117] Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution;

[0118] The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture, and 0.8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture;

[0119] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0120] Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, use lime or phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 6.8, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed;

[0121] During the conditioning process, 0.25 parts of chitosan were added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly;

[0122] And during the adjustment process, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 61% by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis and adding water as needed;

[0123] Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 1.2 hours;

[0124] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

[0125] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0126] Embodiment 5

[0127] This embodiment is an edible fungus culture medium, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0128] 16 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 9 parts of insect protein powder, 21 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 16 parts of corn cob powder, 1.5 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

[0129] Wherein, the natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite;

[0130] The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

[0131] Wherein, the trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese;

[0132] A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0133] Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:26 between the seaweed and water, and then performing hot water extraction at 88° C. for 2.7 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution;

[0134] Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1.6 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 58°C for 3.5 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use;

[0135] The raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 4% for 3.5 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and after drying, the bamboo or crop straw is pyrolyzed at 570°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fiber, and the biochar fiber and corn cob are crushed;

[0136] The biochar fibers were crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs were dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

[0137] Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution;

[0138] The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture, and 1.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture;

[0139] Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened;

[0140] Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7.2 with lime or phosphoric acid, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed;

[0141] During the conditioning process, 0.35 parts of chitosan were added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly;

[0142] During the adjustment process, the moisture content of the culture medium was controlled at 63% by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis and adding water as needed;

[0143] Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 1.8 hours;

[0144] Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

[0145] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0146] Embodiment 6

[0147] The difference from Example 1 is that 8 portions of insect protein powder are used, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0148] Embodiment 7

[0149] The difference from Example 1 is that 17 parts of bio-carbon fiber and 18 parts of corn cob powder are used, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0150] Embodiment 8

[0151] The difference from Example 1 is that there are 13 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0152] Embodiment 9

[0153] The difference from Example 1 is that 0.5 parts of natural silicon source (diatomaceous earth) and 0.1 parts of chitosan are added, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0154] The culture media were prepared according to the formulations and preparation methods of Examples 1 to 9, ensuring that all the culture media were sterilized under the same conditions. The edible fungi strains (shiitake mushrooms) from the same batch were selected for the experiment, and the strains were inoculated into the respective culture media under sterile conditions.

[0155] The inoculated culture medium was placed in a constant temperature culture room at the following conditions: temperature 25°C, humidity 70%, and cultured in the dark until the hyphae completely infect the culture medium.

[0156] After the mycelium infection is completed, the culture medium is transferred to the mushroom room. The conditions are: temperature 18-22℃, humidity 85-90%, 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness per day, regular ventilation, and good air circulation.

[0157] Record the number of days it takes for the hyphae to completely infect the culture medium, check the culture medium every day, record the number of contaminated culture media, and calculate the contamination rate; when harvesting for the first time, weigh the weight of fresh mushrooms per unit of culture medium and calculate the yield per kilogram of dry culture medium; accumulate the total yield of three harvests and calculate the biological efficiency; record the number of days from inoculation to the first harvest; evaluate the quality of the harvested mushrooms according to unified standards; sample mushrooms, determine the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and calculate the IC50 value.

[0158] Each example was repeated 30 times to ensure the reliability and statistical significance of the data, and the culture medium was randomly placed to reduce the influence of environmental factors. Figure 1 This is a summary table of experimental results.

[0159] from Figure 1It can be seen that Example 1 performs best, with the fastest mycelium growth rate of 16 days, a contamination rate of 3.3%, a first crop yield of 320g / kg, a biological efficiency of 88%, the shortest first harvest time, a mushroom body quality score of 5 points, and an antioxidant activity of IC50=0.42mg / mL. Compared with Example 1, Example 2 reduces the amount of insect protein powder, resulting in slower mycelium growth, lower first crop yield, and lower biological efficiency. It is possible that insufficient nitrogen supply affects mycelium growth. In Example 3, the amount of seaweed polysaccharide matrix is ​​increased, and the mycelium growth rate and mushroom body quality are improved, but the contamination rate is slightly increased. It may be that the organic matter content in the culture medium is too high, which is conducive to the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. In Example 4, the amount of biochar fiber is reduced, the amount of corn cob powder is increased, the permeability of the culture medium is reduced, the mycelium growth rate is slowed, and the first crop yield is slightly reduced. In Example 5, the amount of chitosan and natural silicon source is adjusted, and the mushroom body quality and antioxidant activity are slightly improved, but the mycelium growth rate and biological efficiency do not exceed Example 1. In Examples 6 to 9, the mycelium growth rate slowed down, the contamination rate increased, and the yield and biological efficiency decreased.

[0160] Technical features not described in the present invention can be achieved through or by adopting existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An edible fungus culture medium, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of seaweed polysaccharide matrix, 5-15 parts of insect protein powder, 15-25 parts of bio-carbon fiber, 10-20 parts of corn cob powder, 0.5-2 parts of natural silicon source, appropriate amount of trace element solution, and appropriate amount of water.

2. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The seaweed polysaccharide matrix is ​​seaweed polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, including alginate or alginic acid; The mass ratio of seaweed to water is 1:20-1:30, and the product is obtained by extraction at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours.

3. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The insect protein powder is prepared by drying and crushing yellow mealworms or fly maggots, and adding neutral or alkaline protease for enzymolysis at 50-60° C. for 2-4 hours.

4. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The biochar fiber is prepared by pyrolyzing bamboo or crop straw under oxygen-limited conditions at 500-600° C. and is crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

5. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural silicon source is diatomaceous earth, bentonite or perlite; The particle size of the natural silicon source is micron-level.

6. The edible fungus culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace element solution contains zinc, iron, copper and manganese; Add 0.5-1 gram of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 gram of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.5 gram of copper sulfate, and 0.2-0.5 gram of manganese sulfate per liter of water, with a total concentration of 0.05-0.2%.

7. A method for preparing an edible fungus culture medium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, drying and crushing the seaweed, adding pure water at a mass ratio of 1:20-1:30 between seaweed and water, and then extracting with hot water at 80-90° C. for 2-3 hours, filtering, and obtaining an extract containing seaweed polysaccharides, i.e., a seaweed polysaccharide solution; Dry and crush the mealworm or fly maggots and add them to water, add 1-2 parts of neutral or alkaline protease per 100 parts of insect protein powder, perform enzymolysis at 50-60°C for 2-4 hours, and inactivate the enzyme to obtain insect protein liquid for use; Pyrolyzing bamboo or crop straw at 500-600°C under oxygen-limited conditions to obtain biochar fibers, and crushing the biochar fibers and corn cobs; Step 2: Mixing the seaweed polysaccharide solution with the enzymatically hydrolyzed insect protein solution to form a nutrient solution; The biochar fiber, corn cob powder and natural silicon source are mixed evenly to form a solid mixture; Gradually add the nutrient solution to the solid mixture, stirring as you add, until the material is evenly moistened; Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the material obtained in step 2, stir evenly, use lime or phosphoric acid to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 6.5-7.5, and add an appropriate amount of water as needed; Step 4: Put the mixed culture medium obtained in step 3 into a sterilization bag or container, seal it, and sterilize it with high pressure steam at 121° C. for 1-2 hours; Step 5: Cool the sterilized culture medium to room temperature in a sterile environment, inoculate the edible fungus strains, and seal the culture medium.

8. The method for preparing the edible fungus culture medium according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 1, the raw material of bamboo or crop straw is soaked in a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 1-5% for 2-4 hours, taken out and washed with pure water until neutral, and then dried and pyrolyzed; In step one, the biochar fibers are crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm, and the corn cobs are dried and crushed to a particle size of less than 2 mm.

9. The method for preparing the edible fungus culture medium according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, 0.5-1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added during the preparation of the solid mixture.

10. The method for preparing the edible fungus culture medium according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the conditioning process of step 3, 0.1-0.5 parts of chitosan are added to the culture medium and mixed thoroughly; During the adjustment process, the moisture content of the culture medium is controlled at 60-65% by measuring the moisture content of the dry-wet basis and adding water as needed.

Images