Hub motor and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and specifically discloses a wheel hub motor and an electric vehicle, the wheel hub motor comprises an end cover assembly, a motor shaft, a stator assembly and a speed regulation mechanism, the end cover assembly is fixedly connected with a rim, the inner side of the rim is connected with magnetic steel, the end cover assembly and the rim form a stator space, the motor shaft passes through the end cover assembly, and the motor shaft passes through the stator space. The stator assembly is arranged in the stator space, the stator assembly is slidably arranged on the motor shaft in a sleeving mode, a winding is wound on the stator assembly, the winding can be aligned with the magnetic steel, and the speed regulating mechanism is used for driving the stator assembly to slide along the motor shaft so that the winding and the magnetic steel can move relatively in a staggered mode. When the winding and the magnetic steel are aligned, the torque output by the hub motor reaches the maximum, and when the rotating speed of the hub motor needs to be continuously increased, the stator assembly is driven by the speed regulating mechanism to slide on the motor shaft, the winding on the stator assembly and the magnetic steel on the inner side of the rim generate relative dislocation, the magnetic flux is weakened, and the induced counter electromotive force generated by the motor is reduced. And the rotating speed is further increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a hub motor and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Hub permanent magnet motors are widely used in the electric two-wheel vehicle market. As the performance requirements for electric vehicles increase, the requirements for hub motors are becoming more and more stringent, such as increasing the maximum speed of electric vehicles. Usually, after the hub motor is designed, the maximum speed is basically determined. In order to further increase the motor speed, the electromagnetic calculation scheme of the motor in the existing technology needs to consider the need for weak magnetic speed regulation. For example, it is designed as a built-in salient pole motor. At the same time, the matching motor controller algorithm must support the weak magnetic speed expansion of the motor to further increase the motor speed. However, in this scheme, there are certain restrictions on both the motor and the controller, resulting in a relatively high final cost. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a hub motor to solve the problem of high cost of existing hub motors.

[0004] The utility model provides a hub motor, comprising an end cover assembly, a motor shaft, a stator assembly and a speed regulating mechanism, wherein the end cover assembly is fixedly connected to a wheel rim, a magnetic steel is connected to the inner side of the wheel rim, a stator space is formed between the end cover assembly and the wheel rim, the motor shaft passes through the end cover assembly, the end cover assembly can rotate around the axis of the motor shaft, the stator assembly is arranged in the stator space, the stator assembly can be slidably sleeved on the motor shaft, a winding is wound on the stator assembly, the winding can be aligned with the magnetic steel, and the speed regulating mechanism is used to drive the stator assembly to slide along the motor shaft so that the winding and the magnetic steel are relatively displaced.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution for the hub motor, the speed regulation mechanism includes a sliding rod, a connecting piece and an operating piece. The motor shaft is provided with a hollow shaft section. The sliding rod is arranged in the hollow shaft section and can slide along the axis of the motor shaft. The motor shaft is also provided with an adjustment groove along its length direction. The connecting piece connects the stator assembly and the sliding rod through the adjustment groove. The operating piece is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod away from the stator assembly, and the operating piece can drive the sliding rod to slide in the hollow shaft section.

[0006] As an optimal technical solution for the hub motor, a retaining spring is also connected to the motor shaft, and the stator assembly has a normal state and a speed regulation state. When the stator assembly is in the normal state, the stator assembly contacts the shoulder of the motor shaft, and the winding is aligned with the magnet; when the stator assembly is in the speed regulation state, the stator assembly contacts the retaining spring, and the winding and the magnet are dislocated.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the hub motor, the speed regulating mechanism further includes a sealing member, which is disposed between the slide rod and the inner side wall of the hollow shaft section, and is used to seal the slide rod.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution for the hub motor, the speed regulating mechanism also includes a spring, the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the retaining spring and the stator assembly, the spring is always in a compressed state, the operating member is a cable, and the cable is fixedly connected to one end of the slide rod away from the stator assembly.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution for the hub motor, a ceramic sleeve is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow shaft section, and the cable passes through the ceramic sleeve.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution for the hub motor, the connecting piece is a screw or a pin, and through holes are provided on the stator assembly and the slide rod. The screw or the pin passes through the through hole of the stator assembly, and the screw or the pin passes through the through hole of the slide rod.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution for the hub motor, the end cover assembly includes a left end cover and a right end cover, which are arranged opposite to each other and fixedly connected to the two ends of the rim, respectively. A first bearing and a first oil seal are arranged between one of the left end cover and the right end cover and the motor shaft, and a second bearing and a second oil seal are arranged between the other end cover and the motor shaft.

[0012] As the preferred technical solution for the hub motor, the grade of the magnetic steel is N35, N38, N40, N42, N45, N48, N50 or N52.

[0013] The utility model provides an electric vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame and a wheel hub motor of any one of the above solutions, wherein the motor shaft of the wheel hub motor is connected to the vehicle frame.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0015] The utility model provides a hub motor. When the winding is aligned with the magnetic steel, the torque that the hub motor can output reaches the maximum. When the rotation speed of the hub motor needs to continue to increase, the stator assembly is driven to slide on the motor shaft through the speed regulating mechanism, and then the winding on the stator assembly and the magnetic steel on the inner side of the rim are relatively displaced, the magnetic flux is weakened, the induced back electromotive force generated by the motor is reduced, and the rotation speed can be further increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the hub motor in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0017] In the figure:

[0018] 1. Motor shaft; 110. Adjustment slot; 120. Hollow shaft section;

[0019] 11. First bearing; 12. Second bearing; 13. First oil seal; 14. Second oil seal;

[0020] 21. Left end cover; 22. Right end cover;

[0021] 3. stator assembly; 31. connecting frame; 32. cables; 33. winding;

[0022] 41. Sliding rod; 42. Connecting piece; 43. Spring; 44. Circlip; 45. Sealing piece; 46. Operating piece; 47. Ceramic sleeve;

[0023] 5. Magnetic steel; 6. Rim. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0025] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions, and the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature include the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a hub motor, which is provided with an end cover assembly, a motor shaft 1, a stator assembly 3 and a speed regulating mechanism. The end cover assembly is fixedly connected to the rim 6, and a magnetic steel 5 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the rim 6. The end cover assembly includes a left end cover 21 and a right end cover 22, and the left end cover 21 and the right end cover 22 are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the rim 6. The left end cover 21, the rim 6 and the right end cover 22 together form a stator space, and the stator space is used to accommodate the stator assembly 3. The motor shaft 1 is coaxially arranged with the rim 6, and the two ends of the motor shaft 1 pass through the left end cover 21 and the right end cover 22 respectively, and the left end cover 21 and the right end cover 22 can both rotate around the axis of the motor shaft 1. A first bearing 11 and a first oil seal 13 are provided between one of the left end cover 21 and the right end cover 22 and the motor shaft 1, and a second bearing 12 and a second oil seal 14 are provided between the other end cover and the motor shaft 1, so as to prevent moisture, dust and other debris from entering the stator space and causing damage to the hub motor. Figure 1 As shown, the first oil seal 13 and the second oil seal 14 are respectively located on the outside of the first bearing 11 and the second bearing 12. The first bearing 11 and the second bearing 12 are both configured as deep groove ball bearings. The stator assembly 3 is disposed in the stator space, and the stator assembly 3 can be slidably mounted on the motor shaft 1. The stator assembly 3 is provided with a connecting frame 31, one end of the connecting frame 31 is connected to the stator, and the other end is disposed near the magnetic steel 5. The cable 32 passes through the wire hole of the motor shaft 1 and enters the stator space, and is fixed to the connecting frame 31 by fasteners such as a bracket or a cable tie. The other end of the connecting frame 31 is connected to the winding 33, and the cable 32 is electrically connected to the winding 33 and is used to provide electrical energy to the winding 33. The speed regulating mechanism is used to drive the stator assembly 3 to slide along the motor shaft 1, so that the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 are relatively displaced.

[0029] Specifically, when the winding 33 is aligned with the magnetic steel 5, the torque that the hub motor can output reaches the maximum. When the speed of the hub motor needs to continue to increase, the stator assembly 3 is driven to slide on the motor shaft 1 through the speed regulating mechanism, and then the winding 33 on the stator assembly 3 and the magnetic steel 5 on the inner side of the rim 6 are relatively displaced, the magnetic flux is weakened, the induced back electromotive force generated by the motor is reduced, and the speed is further increased.

[0030] Furthermore, the speed regulating mechanism includes a slide bar 41, a connector 42 and an operating member 46. The stator assembly 3 is arranged on the shaft section of the motor shaft 1 located in the stator space, and the motor shaft 1 is also provided with a hollow shaft section 120, and the hollow shaft section 120 is provided with a center hole coaxial with the motor shaft 1, and the center hole extends to the shaft section where the stator assembly 3 is arranged, and an adjustment groove 110 along the length direction of the motor shaft 1 is also opened at the shaft section where the stator assembly 3 is arranged, and the adjustment groove 110 is connected to the center hole. The slide bar 41 is arranged in the hollow shaft section 120 and can slide along the axis of the motor shaft 1, and the end of the slide bar 41 close to the stator assembly 3 is connected to the stator assembly 3 through the connector 42. The connecting member 42 may be a bolt or a pin. Both the stator assembly 3 and the slide bar 41 are provided with through holes. The bolt or the pin passes through the through hole of the stator assembly 3 and the through hole of the slide bar 41 to connect the two. Correspondingly, when the connecting member 42 is set as a bolt, a nut is also required to cooperate with it to ensure the reliability of the connection between the stator assembly 3 and the slide bar 41; when the connecting member 42 is set as a pin, a cotter pin or an R-type pin is also required to cooperate with it to ensure the reliability of the connection between the stator assembly 3 and the slide bar 41. The bolt or the pin passes through the stator assembly 3, the adjustment slot 110 and the slide bar 41 in sequence, so that when the slide bar 41 slides, it can drive the stator assembly 3 to move along the axis of the motor shaft 1, so that the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 are completely aligned or dislocated, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the speed.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the wheel hub motor can run stably after speed regulation, it is necessary to ensure that the displacement of the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 is not too large, that is, the winding 33 cannot be out of the range of the magnetic steel 5, so a retaining spring 44 is also provided on the shaft section of the motor shaft 1 where the stator assembly 3 is provided. The stator assembly 3 is provided with a normal state and a speed regulation state. When the stator assembly 3 is in the normal state, the stator assembly 3 contacts the shaft shoulder of the motor shaft 1, and the winding 33 is aligned with the magnetic steel 5. When the stator assembly 3 is in the speed regulation state, the stator assembly 3 contacts the retaining spring 44, the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 are displaced, and the displacement of the two corresponds to the maximum displacement of the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 that can occur under the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the wheel hub motor. In actual use, the stator assembly 3 is switched between the normal state and the speed regulation state, and its speed is adjusted under the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the wheel hub motor. Since the location of the clamping spring 44 needs to be determined according to the specifications of the magnetic steel 5 and the winding 33 , no specific limitation is given here.

[0032] Optionally, the operating member 46 is fixedly connected to the end of the slide bar 41 away from the stator assembly 3, and the operating member 46 can drive the slide bar 41 to slide in the hollow shaft segment 120. The operating member 46 can be a rigid rod or a flexible cable. When the operating member 46 is set as a rigid rod, the rigid rod is driven to move along the axis of the motor shaft 1 through the fork mechanism to drive the slide bar 41 to slide, or the end of the slide bar 41 away from the stator assembly 3 can be set to extend out of the hollow shaft segment 120, so as to directly drive the slide bar 41 to slide through the fork mechanism. The fork mechanism can adopt the structure in the prior art and is not specifically limited here. Optionally, when the operating member 46 is set as a flexible cable, it is preferably a cable in this embodiment, and the purpose of speed regulation can also be achieved by pulling the slide bar 41 to slide through the cable.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, the operating member 46 is set as a cable, and the cable is fixedly connected to one end of the slide bar 41 away from the stator assembly 3. At the same time, in order to ensure that the slide bar 41 can be reset after the cable is pulled, the speed regulating mechanism also includes a spring 43. The two ends of the spring 43 are respectively connected to the retaining spring 44 and the stator assembly 3, and the spring 43 is always in a compressed state. In the normal state, the stator assembly 3 abuts against the shoulder of the motor shaft 1 under the elastic force of the spring 43, that is, the stator assembly 3 is in a normal state. When the speed needs to be adjusted, the cable is pulled to drive the slide bar 41 to slide, thereby driving the stator assembly 3 to continue to compress the spring 43, and the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 are relatively displaced. When the stator assembly 3 needs to be switched back to the normal state, the cable is released, and the stator assembly 3 moves toward the shoulder of the motor shaft 1 under the elastic force of the spring 43 until it abuts against the shoulder of the motor shaft 1, thereby returning to the normal state. Thereby, the relative displacement between the winding 33 and the magnetic steel 5 can be infinitely adjusted, and correspondingly, the infinite speed regulation of the hub motor can be realized.

[0034] Optionally, the speed regulating mechanism further includes a seal 45, which is disposed between the slide bar 41 and the inner side wall of the hollow shaft segment 120. The seal 45 is used to seal the slide bar 41 to prevent moisture, dust and other debris from entering and damaging the hub motor. In this embodiment, the seal 45 is configured as an oil seal. A ceramic sleeve 47 is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow shaft segment 120, and the cable passes through the ceramic sleeve 47. By providing the ceramic sleeve 47, the friction between the cable and the hollow shaft segment 120 is reduced, thereby extending the service life of the cable.

[0035] The hub motor provided in this embodiment realizes weak magnetic speed regulation through a mechanical structure. Compared with the weak magnetic speed regulation scheme realized by a controller in the prior art, the hub motor in this embodiment can be realized by modifying a conventional hub surface-mounted motor without the need to use a built-in salient pole motor, so the cost is lower. At the same time, by realizing weak magnetic speed regulation through a mechanical structure, there is no risk of demagnetization of the permanent magnet, so the coercive force of the permanent magnet can be further reduced, and the grade requirements for the magnetic steel 5 can also be reduced, thereby further reducing the cost. The grade of the magnetic steel 5 in this embodiment can be N35, N38, N40, N42, N45, N48, N50 or N52, preferably N35, N38, N40 or N42. It is understandable that those skilled in the art can select a more high-temperature resistant magnetic steel 5 according to actual needs, and its corresponding grade can also be N35H, N38H, N40H, N42H, N45H, N48H, N50H or N52H, preferably N35H, N38H, N40H or N42H.

[0036] The utility model provides an electric vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame and a wheel hub motor in this embodiment, wherein a motor shaft 1 of the wheel hub motor is connected to the vehicle frame. By arranging the wheel hub motor in this embodiment, the maximum speed of the electric vehicle can be improved.

[0037] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Hub motor, It is characterized in that include: An end cover assembly, the end cover assembly being fixedly connected to the rim (6), a magnetic steel (5) being connected to the inner side of the rim (6), and the end cover assembly and the rim (6) forming a stator space; A motor shaft (1), the motor shaft (1) passing through the end cover assembly, and the end cover assembly is capable of rotating around the axis of the motor shaft (1); A stator assembly (3), the stator assembly (3) being arranged in the stator space, the stator assembly (3) being slidably sleeved on the motor shaft (1), the stator assembly (3) being wound with a winding (33), and the winding (33) being capable of being aligned with the magnetic steel (5); A speed regulating mechanism is used to drive the stator assembly (3) to slide along the motor shaft (1) so as to cause the winding (33) and the magnetic steel (5) to move relative to each other.

2. The wheel hub motor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The speed regulating mechanism comprises a slide bar (41), a connecting member (42) and an operating member (46); the motor shaft (1) is provided with a hollow shaft section (120); the slide bar (41) is arranged in the hollow shaft section (120) and can slide along the axis of the motor shaft (1); the motor shaft (1) is also provided with an adjustment groove (110) along its length direction; the connecting member (42) connects the stator assembly (3) and the slide bar (41) through the adjustment groove (110); the operating member (46) is fixedly connected to one end of the slide bar (41) away from the stator assembly (3); and the operating member (46) can drive the slide bar (41) to slide in the hollow shaft section (120).

3. The wheel hub motor according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The motor shaft (1) is also connected to a retaining spring (44), and the stator assembly (3) has a normal state and a speed regulating state. When the stator assembly (3) is in the normal state, the stator assembly (3) contacts the shaft shoulder of the motor shaft (1), and the winding (33) is aligned with the magnetic steel (5); when the stator assembly (3) is in the speed regulating state, the stator assembly (3) contacts the retaining spring (44), and the winding (33) and the magnetic steel (5) are displaced.

4. The wheel hub motor according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The speed regulating mechanism further comprises a sealing member (45), wherein the sealing member (45) is arranged between the sliding rod (41) and the inner side wall of the hollow shaft section (120), and the sealing member (45) is used for sealing the sliding rod (41).

5. The wheel hub motor according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The speed regulating mechanism further comprises a spring (43), the two ends of which are respectively connected to the retaining spring (44) and the stator assembly (3), the spring (43) is always in a compressed state, and the operating member (46) is a cable, which is fixedly connected to one end of the slide rod (41) away from the stator assembly (3).

6. The wheel hub motor according to claim 5, It is characterized in that A ceramic sleeve (47) is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow shaft section (120), and the cable passes through the ceramic sleeve (47).

7. The wheel hub motor according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The connecting member (42) is a screw or a pin, and through holes are provided on the stator assembly (3) and the slide rod (41). The screw or the pin passes through the through hole of the stator assembly (3), and the screw or the pin passes through the through hole of the slide rod (41).

8. The wheel hub motor according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The end cover assembly comprises a left end cover (21) and a right end cover (22), wherein the left end cover (21) and the right end cover (22) are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the rim (6), a first bearing (11) and a first oil seal (13) are arranged between one of the left end cover (21) and the right end cover (22) and the motor shaft (1), and a second bearing (12) and a second oil seal (14) are arranged between the other end cover and the motor shaft (1).

9. The wheel hub motor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The grade of the magnetic steel (5) is N35, N38, N40, N42, N45, N48, N50 or N52.

10. Electric vehicles, including frames, It is characterized in that It also comprises the wheel hub motor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the motor shaft (1) of the wheel hub motor is connected to the vehicle frame.

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