Feed additive and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of feed technology, and discloses a feed additive and use thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, wherein the contents of the yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract in the feed are 50-300 mg / kg, 10-20 mg / kg and 100-120 mg / kg respectively. The present invention compound yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, and the three can synergistically stimulate the assimilation of nitrogen by cecal microorganisms and the ability to synthesize protein using amino acids, promote the conversion of unstable ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen into relatively stable protein nitrogen, thereby reducing the emission of ammonia.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a feed additive and use thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia is an important air pollutant that can have adverse effects on the health of humans and livestock. Ammonia is also an important air pollutant emitted during poultry farming. Ammonia production occurs at all stages of manure management, and different environmental conditions will affect ammonia production in manure.

[0003] Especially in the modern intensive poultry farming environment, poultry are fed with feed, and in order to provide poultry with enough nutrition so that poultry can get sufficient growth energy, feed is generally compounded with raw materials with high nutritional value. Although it can bring enough nutrition to poultry, it also tests the digestive ability of poultry. When the digestive ability of poultry is not enough to digest the high protein in the feed, the ammonia in the blood of poultry and the ammonia produced in the feces will increase significantly. When ammonia is inhaled into the body, it will enter the blood circulation in the form of blood ammonia. The increase in blood ammonia concentration will not only stimulate the central nervous system to affect the nervous system of livestock, but also damage the intestinal mucosa, affect the activity of digestive enzymes and mucosal epithelial carriers. At the same time, the production of ammonia will indirectly affect the feed intake, thereby leading to a decrease in the growth performance of poultry. In addition, the production of ammonia will lead to a bad environment in the farm, seriously affecting the health of the breeder.

[0004] Prior art 1: Chinese patent application 201510787809.8 discloses a chicken feed that promotes digestion and reduces ammonia, which includes the following components in weight units: grass powder mixture: the weight fraction ratio of bamboo leaves: salvia miltiorrhiza: fructus aurantii: capillaris: echinops is 3:1:1:3:5; basic feed material: the weight proportions are: corn 55-68, soybean powder 23-38, shell powder 1-2, vitamin 1-1.5, capsanthin 0.1-0.3, edible oil 2-8, bran 1-3, fish meal 1-5, protease 1.5-3.5, rice bran 3-6 parts; the mass ratio of the grass powder mixture added to the basic feed material is 1.4-3.1%.

[0005] The background technology of the above patent application mentioned that the current chicken feed brings many problems, including the reduction of livestock product quality and the susceptibility of livestock and poultry to various diseases, as well as the harm to human health caused by the large amount of antibiotics and additives added to the feed. These problems affect the healthy development of my country's animal husbandry; therefore, the above patent application is to improve the feed conversion rate and reduce the ammonia concentration in the excrement by adding grass powder to the chicken feed of broilers.

[0006] However, the above patent application only illustrates that the feed conversion rate has been improved from the feed-to-meat ratio of the tested chickens, thereby reducing the ammonia concentration in the excrement. This data only shows that the digestive capacity of the chickens has been improved, which is not enough to prove that the ammonia concentration has been significantly reduced. Therefore, it can be considered that the technical solution of this patent application focuses on improving the feed conversion rate rather than conducting in-depth research on the ammonia production of poultry, and its reference value is not high.

[0007] Prior art 2: Chinese patent 201310691585.1 discloses a feed additive for reducing ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry, which is composed of the following components by weight: natural steroid saponin: 5-15%; protease: 3-10%; xylanase: 2-10%; benzoic acid: 10-25%; manno-oligosaccharide: 5-15%; and the balance is montmorillonite.

[0008] The feed additive of the above patent can improve protein conversion rate, amino acid utilization rate, and effective feed utilization rate; it can also reduce ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry by absorbing ammonia produced in the intestine; prior art 2 uses data to show the reduction of ammonia, and is a technical solution worthy of reference and learning.

[0009] However, the technical solution of the prior art 2 has a high production cost, and components such as benzoic acid and montmorillonite are not green and environmentally friendly when added in excess, and need to be added with caution.

[0010] Based on this, it is necessary to find a feed additive that is low-cost and has the advantages of no residue and no side effects, so as to effectively reduce ammonia emissions from poultry. Summary of the invention

[0011] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a feed additive, which effectively reduces ammonia emissions from poultry by compounding yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, and the additive is low in cost and is a plant extract, and has the advantages of no residue and being green and environmentally friendly when added to feed.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of a feed additive. Using the feed additive of the present invention as a feed additive for broiler breeders can effectively reduce ammonia emissions from broiler breeders and improve the reproductive performance of broiler breeders, and has extremely high application value.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a feed additive, comprising yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, wherein the contents of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract in the feed are 50-300 mg / kg, 10-20 mg / kg and 100-120 mg / kg, respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the content of yucca saponin in the feed can be selected as 50mg / kg, 60mg / kg, 70mg / kg, 80mg / kg, 90mg / kg, 100mg / kg, 110mg / kg, 120mg / kg, 130mg / kg, 140mg / kg, 150mg / kg, 160mg / kg, 170mg / kg, 180mg / kg, 190mg / kg, 200mg / kg, 210mg / kg, 220mg / kg, 230mg / kg, 240mg / kg, 250mg / kg, 260mg / kg, 270mg / kg, 280mg / kg, 290mg / kg, 300mg / kg.

[0015] Preferably, the content of pulsatilla saponin in the feed can be selected as 10 mg / kg, 11 mg / kg, 12 mg / kg, 13 mg / kg, 14 mg / kg, 15 mg / kg, 16 mg / kg, 17 mg / kg, 18 mg / kg, 19 mg / kg, and 20 mg / kg.

[0016] Preferably, the content of Moringa leaf extract in feed can be selected as 100 mg / kg, 102 mg / kg, 104 mg / kg, 105 mg / kg, 106 mg / kg, 108 mg / kg, 110 mg / kg, 112 mg / kg, 114 mg / kg, 115 mg / kg, 116 mg / kg, 118 mg / kg, 120 mg / kg.

[0017] Preferably, the feed additive of the present invention further comprises camellia saponin, and the content of the camellia saponin in the feed is 400-500 mg / kg.

[0018] More preferably, the content of camellia oleifera saponin in the feed can be selected as 400mg / kg, 405mg / kg, 410mg / kg, 415mg / kg, 420mg / kg, 425mg / kg, 430mg / kg, 435mg / kg, 440mg / kg, 445mg / kg, 450mg / kg, 455mg / kg, 460mg / kg, 465mg / kg, 470mg / kg, 475mg / kg, 480mg / kg, 485mg / kg, 490mg / kg, 495mg / kg, and 500mg / kg.

[0019] The invention also provides a use of the feed additive in preparing broiler breeder feed.

[0020] Beneficial Effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0022] (1) The present invention combines yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract, which can synergistically stimulate the assimilation of nitrogen by cecal microorganisms and the ability to synthesize protein using amino acids, thereby promoting the conversion of unstable ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen into relatively stable protein nitrogen, thereby reducing the emission of ammonia;

[0023] (2) The technical solution of the present invention uses pure plant extracts for compounding and adding, which is low-cost and has the advantages of no residue and being green and environmentally friendly;

[0024] (3) The present invention adds camellia saponin to the compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, which further synergistically reduces the ammonia emission of broiler breeders while synergistically improving the reproductive performance of broiler breeders, significantly affecting the metabolic pathways of yellow-feathered broiler breeders, and reduces the ammonia emission of broiler breeders by regulating ammonia metabolism in the metabolic pathways;

[0025] (4) The combined use of camellia saponins, yucca saponins, pulsatilla saponins, and moringa leaf extract can increase the number of microorganisms that are beneficial to reducing ammonia emissions, thereby synergistically reducing ammonia emissions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but it does not constitute any limitation to the present invention. Any limited number of modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0027] In order to explain the technical content of the present invention in detail, further description is given below in conjunction with the implementation modes.

[0028] In the following examples and comparative examples, yucca saponin was purchased from Biosource Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., pulsatilla saponin was purchased from Nanjing Chunqiu Bioengineering Co., Ltd., moringa leaf extract was purchased from Lanzhou Waterless Biotechnology Co., Ltd., camellia saponin was purchased from Jiangxi Jiusheng Camellia Technology Development Co., Ltd., resveratrol was purchased from Shaanxi Chengqian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., carotene was purchased from Chengdu Purifa Technology Development Co., Ltd., thyme extract was purchased from Chengdu Ruifensi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and tea polyphenols were purchased from Anhui Wuhu Tianyuan Technology and Biology Co., Ltd.

[0029] Furthermore, in the following examples and comparative examples, the feed for feeding broiler breeders is formulated according to Table 1, and % is weight percentage.

[0030] In the following examples and comparative examples, the premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 15000 IU, VD3 3600 IU, VE 62.5 mg, VB1 3 mg, VB2 9 mg, VB6 6 mg, VB 12 0.03mg, nicotinic acid 60mg, pantothenic acid-Ca 18mg, folic acid 1.5mg, biotin 0.36mg, choline chloride 900mg, Fe250mg, Zn 75mg, I 0.46mg, Se 0.06mg.

[0031] It should be noted that the premix in the present invention can be adjusted according to actual needs, mainly to supplement the minerals and vitamins of the feed.

[0032] Table 1 Feed formula

[0033] raw material Dosage(%) Corn [Level 1 8.32%] 67.3 soybean meal 15 Rapeseed meal 5 Corn Gluten Meal 3 L-Lysine salt [98.5%] 0.15 DL-Methionine [99%] 0.13 L-Threonine [98.5%] 0.02 L-Arginine [98%] 0.05 Stone powder 6.8 Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate 1.25 salt 0.3 Premix 1

[0034] According to the formula in Table 2, feed additives were added to the feed prepared in Table 1 and mixed evenly to obtain broiler breeder feeds of Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-8 and the control group.

[0035] Table 2 Feed additive formula

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Feed feeding effect test

[0039] The following tests were conducted using broiler breeders:

[0040] 1. Test on the impact on reproductive performance

[0041] Test method: 30-week-old yellow-feathered broiler breeders were selected as test subjects, with 6 replicates in each test group and 12 chickens in each replicate. The test period was 10 weeks in total. During the test period, the number of eggs laid, egg weight and number of chicken deaths in each replicate test chicken were recorded daily (no deaths during the entire test period). Restricted feeding was adopted during the entire test period, and the daily feed intake of each test chicken was fixed at 120g. The calculation formula for egg production performance is as follows:

[0042] Egg production rate (%) = (total number of eggs laid in each replicate / number of chickens in each replicate test / number of test days) × 100%

[0043] Daily egg weight (g) = average number of eggs per chicken per day × average egg weight

[0044] Broken egg rate (%) = (broken eggs / number of eggs laid) × 100%

[0045] The feeds of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-11 were fed to broiler breeders and tested according to the above test method. The results are shown in Table 3;

[0046] Table 3 Effects of feed additives on reproductive performance

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] According to the results in Table 3:

[0051] According to the data comparison of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 8, it can be seen that the addition and combination of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract have no obvious effect on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens, while according to Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 9-11, it can be seen that the addition of camellia saponin has a more significant effect on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens, and according to Comparative Example 7, compared with tea polyphenols, camellia saponin has a more obvious improvement in the reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens.

[0052] According to the comparison of data of Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 9-11, although the combination of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, Moringa leaf extract and camellia saponin did not show a very obvious synergistic effect on the overall reproductive performance of broiler breeders, according to the data of daily egg weight, the combination of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, Moringa leaf extract and camellia saponin had a significant synergistic effect on the daily egg weight of broiler breeders.

[0053] 2. Test on the influence of fecal ammonia and pH value

[0054] Test method: The test was conducted simultaneously with the reproductive performance test. During the test, the feces of each test group was tested for ammonia content and pH value at 8 am every day. The test was continued for 30 days, and the average value of 30 days was taken as the ammonia value and pH value of each repetition. Ammonia detector (SGA-600C-NH3-C, Shenzhen Shenguoan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.), pH meter (HI8424, Beijing Hanna Instrument Science and Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0055] The feeds of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-11 were fed to broiler breeders and tested according to the above test method. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0056] Table 4 Effects of feed additives on ammonia and pH value in broiler breeder feces

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] According to the results in Table 4:

[0060] According to the data comparison of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the technical solution of the present invention using a compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract can effectively reduce the emission of ammonia;

[0061] According to the data of Comparative Examples 1-3, when the same amount of feed additives is used but one of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract is missing, although the ammonia emission of broiler breeders is reduced, compared with the technical solution of Example 3 using a compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, the emission effect is significantly weakened, indicating that in the technical solution of the present invention, the compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract produces a significant synergistic effect of reducing fecal ammonia emission of broiler breeders;

[0062] And according to Comparative Examples 4-6, it can be verified that using resveratrol with similar efficacy to yucca saponin to replace yucca saponin, using carotene with similar efficacy to pulsatilla saponin to replace pulsatilla saponin, and using thyme extract with similar efficacy to moringa leaf extract to replace moringa leaf extract, does not significantly reduce the ammonia emission from broiler breeder chicken feces. Even when comparing Comparative Examples 4-6 with Comparative Examples 1-3 with the same total amount of feed additives, the effect of reducing ammonia emissions is almost the same, indicating that the technical scheme of Comparative Examples 1-6 is just the superposition of the efficacy of the components, and no synergistic effect is produced, while Examples 1-4 of the present invention produce significant synergistic effects and synergistically reduce the ammonia content in broiler breeder chicken feces.

[0063] According to the data comparison of Examples 5-7 and Example 3, on the basis of the compounding of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, adding a certain amount of camellia saponin can further significantly reduce the fecal ammonia emission of broiler breeders, indicating that the compounding of camellia saponin with yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract also produces a synergistic effect;

[0064] According to the data comparison of Example 7, Example 3 and Comparative Example 7, the technical solution of using tea polyphenols to replace camellia saponin in Comparative Example 7 does not lead to a more significant decrease in ammonia emissions from broiler breeders compared to Example 3, while Example 7 achieves a more significant decrease in ammonia emissions from broiler breeders compared to the technical solutions of Example 3 and Comparative Example 7, indicating that the addition of camellia saponin is not a simple superposition of effects, but that camellia saponin, yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract produce a further synergistic effect to synergistically reduce ammonia emissions.

[0065] At the same time, according to the data comparison of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 8-11, it can be seen that in the technical solution for reducing ammonia emissions from broiler breeders, yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, moringa leaf extract and camellia saponin are indispensable, otherwise no significant synergistic effect of reducing ammonia emissions can be produced, indicating that the synergistic effect of camellia saponin is based on the combination of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, and it does not simply produce a synergistic effect with one of the components of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract.

[0066] 3. Effect test of biochemical indicators of cecal contents

[0067] Test method: One chicken was selected for each test group, a total of 19 chickens, and the contents of the cecum were collected. The supernatant of the contents was prepared and the urea nitrogen, uric acid, and ammonium nitrogen were determined using a Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer (CX5, Beckman Instruments, USA) and corresponding analytical kits. The specific detection method was carried out according to the instructions of the kit, and the detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Co., Ltd.

[0068] The feeds of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-11 were fed to broiler breeders and tested according to the above test method. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0069] Table 5 Effects of feed additives on biochemical parameters of cecal contents in broiler breeders

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] According to the results in Table 5:

[0073] According to the data comparison of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract in the present invention can synergistically stimulate the assimilation of nitrogen by cecal microorganisms and the ability to synthesize protein using amino acids, promote the conversion of unstable ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen into relatively stable protein nitrogen, thereby reducing the emission of ammonia;

[0074] According to the data comparison of Example 7, Example 3 and Comparative Example 7, the present invention uses camellia saponin compounded with yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and Moringa leaf extract to produce a further synergistic effect, which can further promote the conversion of unstable ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen into relatively stable protein nitrogen;

[0075] In particular, through the comparison of the data of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 8-11, it can be seen that camellia saponins mainly have the effect of further synergizing with Moringa leaf extract to promote the conversion of unstable ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen into relatively stable protein nitrogen. It can be inferred that the synergistic effect of camellia saponins, yucca saponins, pulsatilla saponins and Moringa leaf extract in reducing ammonia emissions is based on the different mechanisms and different degrees of synergy between camellia saponins and yucca saponins, pulsatilla saponins and Moringa leaf extract. Therefore, only on the basis of the compounding of yucca saponins, pulsatilla saponins and Moringa leaf extract can a significant synergistic effect of reducing ammonia emissions be exerted.

[0076] 4. Influence of plasma biochemical indicators

[0077] Test method: One chicken was selected for each test group, a total of 19 chickens, 5 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein using an anticoagulant blood collection tube, centrifuged at 3000r / min for 15 minutes, and plasma was separated. The Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer (CX5, Beckman Instruments, USA) and corresponding analytical kits were used to determine blood ammonia, uric acid, and urea nitrogen. The specific detection method was carried out according to the instructions of the kit, and the detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Co., Ltd.

[0078] The feeds of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-11 were fed to broiler breeders and tested according to the above test method. The results are shown in Table 6;

[0079] Table 6 Effects of feed additives on plasma biochemical parameters of broiler breeders

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] According to the results in Table 6:

[0083] According to the data comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the compound of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract in the present invention can significantly reduce the blood ammonia content in the blood of broiler breeders, thereby avoiding the impact of excessive blood ammonia concentration on the health of broiler breeders; among them, the technical solution of using carotene to replace pulsatilla saponin in Comparative Example 5 is compared with Example 3, and its blood ammonia concentration is greatly different from that of other component replacement solutions such as Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 6. It is speculated that carotene may produce side effects when compounded with yucca saponin and moringa leaf extract, which instead increases the blood ammonia concentration in the blood of broiler breeders.

[0084] According to the data comparison between Example 7 and Example 3, the addition of camellia saponin has a more significant effect on the blood ammonia content in broiler breeder chickens. Although the technical solution of replacing camellia saponin with tea polyphenols in Comparative Example 7 also effectively reduced the blood ammonia content in broiler breeder chickens, the degree of decrease was significantly different from that of Example 7, indicating that the addition of tea polyphenols only showed the superposition of the effects of the effective ingredients, and did not produce a synergistic effect like the compound combination of camellia saponin with yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, and Moringa leaf extract.

[0085] According to the data comparison of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 9-11, it can be seen that in the absence of one of the three, yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract, the addition of camellia saponin has no obvious effect on the blood ammonia content in broiler breeder chickens, indicating that camellia saponin can only produce a significant effect of reducing blood ammonia concentration on the basis of a combination of yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin and moringa leaf extract.

[0086] The embodiments presented herein are only embodiments selected according to the combination of all possible embodiments. The appended claims should not be limited by the embodiments describing the present invention. Some numerical ranges used in the claims include sub-ranges therein, and the changes in these ranges should also be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: The feed comprises yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, moringa leaf extract and camellia saponin, wherein the contents of the yucca saponin, pulsatilla saponin, moringa leaf extract and camellia saponin in the feed are 50-300 mg / kg, 10-20 mg / kg, 100-120 mg / kg and 400-500 mg / kg respectively.

2. A use of the feed additive according to claim 1 in preparing broiler breeder feed.

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