Rain intensity self-adaptive double-tipping-bucket rainfall sensor and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rainfall intensity self-adaptive double-tipping-bucket rainfall sensor and a working method thereof, and relates to the field of rainfall sensors. The existing double-tipping-bucket rain gauge has the defect that the measurement error is sharply increased along with the increase of the rain intensity. The device comprises a rain bearing funnel, an upper tipping bucket inclination angle adjusting device and an upper tipping bucket, the rain bearing funnel is located on the upper tipping bucket, the upper tipping bucket inclination angle adjusting device comprises a controller and two sets of electric control inclination angle adjusting push rods located on the left side and the right side of the upper tipping bucket, and the electric control inclination angle adjusting push rods are electrically connected with the controller; the controller adopts an FPGA digital circuit architecture and comprises a controller top layer module, a rain intensity acquisition sub-module, a rain gauge top layer control sub-module and a motor control sub-module. According to the technical scheme, the inclination angle of the upper tipping bucket can be adjusted in real time according to the rainfall intensity, so that the displacement of the upper tipping bucket is kept at an almost unchanged fixed value, and the rainfall metering accuracy in different rainfall intensity states is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rain sensors, and in particular to a rain intensity self-adaptive double-tip bucket rain sensor and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The structure of a double-bucket rain sensor generally includes: a funnel, an upper bucket, an adjustment screw, a collecting funnel, a lower bucket, and a steel spring pipe. The angle formed by the partition in the middle of the bucket and the vertical line is the funnel inclination angle. The precipitation flows into the upper bucket through the funnel. When the water volume in the upper bucket reaches the threshold, the upper bucket flips once, enters the collecting funnel and then flows to the lower bucket. When the lower bucket reaches the threshold, it flips, and the steel spring pipe short-circuits once, which is 0.1 mm precipitation. Repeat the above process continuously.

[0003] The existing double-bucket rain gauge has the defect that the measurement error increases sharply with the increase of rainfall intensity. This defect is caused by the fact that the upper and lower buckets cannot keep the flipping action always coordinated when the rainfall intensity changes. When the double-bucket rain gauge is debugged under a certain rainfall intensity, the flipping inclination angles on both sides of the upper and lower buckets are fixed by the inclination adjustment screws, that is, the flip threshold is fixed, the upper and lower buckets are completely synchronized, and the lower bucket, that is, the metering bucket, has no loss, all precipitation is measured, and the rain gauge obtains better working efficiency under this rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity changes greatly, the precipitation loss of the upper bucket changes greatly, so that the drainage volume of the upper bucket (drainage volume = flip threshold + loss volume) also changes greatly, so that the upper and lower buckets are no longer synchronized, and the lower bucket will produce precipitation loss without being measured, which will cause errors in the rain gauge. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved and the technical task proposed by the present invention are to improve and perfect the existing technical solutions and provide a rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rain sensor to improve the accuracy of rainfall measurement. To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0005] A rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor, comprising a rain receiving funnel, an upper tip bucket tilt adjustment device, and an upper tip bucket; the rain receiving funnel is located above the upper tip bucket, the upper tip bucket tilt adjustment device comprises a controller and two sets of electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods located on the left and right sides of the upper tip bucket, the electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods are electrically connected to the controller; the controller adopts an FPGA digital circuit architecture, comprising a controller top-level module, a rain intensity collection submodule, a rain gauge top-level control submodule, and a motor control submodule, the controller top-level module is provided with a rain intensity collection circuit outer The upper interface is used to connect the rainfall intensity collection submodule and the two motor drive external interfaces are used to connect the motor control submodule; the collected signal is digitally filtered and then the rainfall intensity is judged; the rain gauge top-level control submodule sends instructions to the lower-level motor control module to drive the electric control tilt angle adjustment push rod to adjust the tilt angle of the upper bucket according to the rainfall intensity input by the rainfall intensity collection submodule; the motor control submodule includes the motor rotation direction, step number, and initial position reset of the upper bucket tilt angle of the electric control tilt angle adjustment push rod, and performs logical operations with the state machine to control the motor operation of the electric control tilt angle adjustment push rod. The controller controls the electric control tilt angle adjustment push rod to adjust the tilt angle adaptively under different rainfall intensity conditions, and the tilt angle can be adjusted in real time according to the rainfall intensity to keep the upper bucket drainage volume at an almost unchanged fixed value, which can effectively improve the accuracy of rainfall measurement under different rainfall intensity conditions.

[0006] Through the FPGA digital circuit, on-site programmable development can be easily realized, and the obtained model data can be stored and used. FPGA has a high degree of parallel processing capability, can collect and process rain intensity signals in real time, respond quickly, and adjust the tilt angle of the dump bucket to adapt to changes in rain intensity. This is very important for dealing with heavy rainfall or sudden rainfall. It can effectively improve the measurement accuracy and achieve precise control of the electronically controlled tilt adjustment push rod. After digital filtering, it can effectively reduce noise and errors to ensure the accuracy of the collected data. The high stability and low latency characteristics of the circuit make the entire controller more reliable and suitable for long-term and continuous monitoring work. It can accurately and automatically adjust the working status of the equipment according to the real-time rain intensity data without manual intervention, which improves the intelligence and measurement efficiency of the equipment, adapts to different climate and environmental conditions, and ensures that the rainfall can still be accurately measured in various complex weather conditions.

[0007] As the preferred technical means: it also includes a collecting funnel, a lower bucket, a lower bucket inclination adjustment device, a counting bucket, a steel reed tube, a bracket and a base, the lower bucket is located below the collecting funnel, the counting bucket is located below the lower bucket, the bracket is arranged on the base, the collecting funnel is arranged at the upper end of the bracket, the upper bucket is rotatably connected to the upper support in the middle of the upper end of the bracket, the lower bucket and the counting bucket can be rotatably connected to the lower support in the middle of the upper end of the base, the upper bucket inclination adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the upper bucket, the lower bucket inclination adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the lower bucket, the position of the steel reed tube corresponds to the position of the magnetic steel arranged on the counting bucket; the steel reed tube is electrically connected to the controller; the rainfall intensity collection submodule is provided with a steel reed tube collection circuit external interface.

[0008] The tilt adjustment device of the upper and lower buckets can accurately control the tilt angle of the bucket, ensuring that the bucket can adapt to different drainage requirements under various rainfall intensities, and improving the accuracy and stability of measurement. The matching design of the steel reed pipe and the magnetic steel improves the counting accuracy and stability of the bucket. The elastic characteristics of the steel reed pipe and the precise position of the magnetic steel enable the rain sensor to maintain high reliability under various working conditions. Considering the situation of heavy rainfall and sudden rainfall, the system can automatically adjust the working state under different rainfall intensities, which is suitable for a variety of climate environments and measurement needs.

[0009] As a preferred technical means: the controller is provided with the evaluation model data of the upper bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship", and the controller adaptively adjusts the upper bucket tilt angle through the electric control tilt angle adjustment push rod according to the evaluation model. By introducing the evaluation model data of the "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" into the controller, the upper bucket tilt angle can be accurately and adaptively adjusted, and the working performance and measurement accuracy of the sensor under various rainfall conditions can be improved.

[0010] As a preferred technical means: the "discharge-rainfall intensity-inclination relationship" evaluation model is obtained by the following method: the discharge of 5 rainfall intensities of 0.5mm / min, 1mm / min, 2mm / min, 4mm / min, and 6mm / min at every A degree in the inclination range of 24°~35° is obtained to form a model data table, wherein the A degree value range is 0.1-1 degree. It can ensure that the data of the evaluation model is obtained based on actual tests, has high accuracy and reliability, and is helpful to achieve accurate adaptive adjustment of the upper dump bucket under different rainfall intensity conditions.

[0011] As a preferred technical means, the specific process of obtaining the "discharge-rainfall-intensity-inclination angle relationship" evaluation model includes the following steps: First, adjust the tipping angle of the upper bucket to 24°; then use standard liquid addition to simulate 5 rainfall intensities of 0.5mm / min, 1mm / min, 2mm / min, 4mm / min, and 6mm / min with a standard fixed precipitation value, inject it into the upper bucket, and obtain the number of flips; finally, calculate that when the inclination angle is 24°, the drainage of the upper bucket under the above 5 rainfall intensities = fixed value / number of flips; when the inclination angle remains unchanged, since the drainage is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity, the interpolation method is used to obtain the continuous relationship between the drainage and rainfall intensity between the 5 rainfall intensities; Each time the tilt angle of the upper bucket is adjusted to increase by A degrees, five rainfall intensities are simulated repeatedly, and finally a data table of the evaluation model of the upper bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" of the rainfall sensor is formed; According to the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model data table, the discharge volume is controlled at a numerical table closest to the fixed flip value and stored in the controller as the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model executed by the controller.

[0012] Through the above steps, an accurate "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-inclination angle relationship" evaluation model can be effectively constructed to help the controller optimize the discharge volume by adjusting the inclination angle of the upper dump bucket under different rainfall intensity conditions and achieve high-precision rainfall measurement.

[0013] As the preferred technical means: in the evaluation model of the upper bucket "discharge-rainfall intensity-tilt relationship": when the tilt angle is adjusted to 30.9 degrees, the discharge is 0.103mm at a rain intensity of 1mm / min; when the tilt angle is adjusted to 26.3 degrees, the discharge is 0.0.096mm at a rain intensity of 4mm / min; when the tilt angle is adjusted to 24.7 degrees, the discharge is 0.095mm at a rain intensity of 5mm / min. By using a fixed flip value of close to 0.1mm in the three conventional rain intensities of 1mm / min, 4mm / min and 5mm / min, the controller can better adjust the tilt angle of the upper bucket to achieve accurate measurement and adaptive adjustment of the rain sensor.

[0014] As a preferred technical means: the electric control tilt adjustment push rod adopts a screw linear module driven by a stepper motor. The stepper motor can perform precise position control with a very small step angle, which allows the tilt of the bucket to be adjusted very accurately, thereby ensuring the high accuracy of the rain sensor. The stepper motor drives the screw to generate precise linear motion, which converts the electric rotation into a linear driving force, directly affecting the tilt adjustment of the bucket.

[0015] As a preferred technical means: the lower bucket tilt adjustment device adopts an adjusting screw. Since the lower bucket does not need to be adaptively adjusted in real time like the upper bucket, the angle can be fixed after adjustment by adjusting the adjusting screw, which has a simple structure and low cost while maintaining high precision and reliability.

[0016] As a preferred technical means: the two sides of the counting bucket are provided with magnets, and the steel spring tube is provided on the lower support in the middle of the base corresponding to the positions of the counting buckets on the left and right sides. When the bucket is turned over, the magnet acts on the steel spring tube to close the steel spring tube once, generating a pulse signal to be transmitted to the controller. When the bucket turns over, the magnet will pass through the fixed steel spring tube on its path. The inside of the steel spring tube is made of elastic material. When the magnet approaches the steel spring tube, the internal contact of the steel spring tube will be closed due to the action of the magnet. When the steel spring tube is closed, a pulse signal will be generated. This signal is transmitted to the controller through the connecting line to record the number of times the bucket turns over. The controller counts after receiving the pulse signal. Each pulse signal represents a turning over of the counting bucket, so that the precipitation can be accurately calculated. The cooperation of the magnet and the steel spring tube can accurately detect each turning over of the bucket, ensure the accuracy of the counting, and thus accurately calculate the precipitation. The operation between the magnet and the steel spring tube is non-contact, which reduces mechanical wear and electrical contact problems and improves the long-term stability of the sensor.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a working method of a rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor, the working method comprising the following steps: 1) The controller collects the precipitation observed by its own sensor n seconds ago and converts it into minute rainfall intensity; 2) The controller drives the linear module motor according to the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model to adjust the flipping angles of the left and right dump buckets of the upper dump bucket so that the discharge volume of the upper dump bucket is close to the fixed flipping value; 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) to perform dynamic adaptive tilt adjustment.

[0018] This method enables the rain sensor to adaptively adjust the inclination angle of the tipping bucket under different precipitation conditions, ensuring high-precision and stable rainfall measurement. Through continuous adjustment, the drainage volume of the tipping bucket is kept within the set range, reducing the measurement error caused by changes in precipitation intensity. The entire process is automated and does not require human intervention, which improves the intelligence level of the system and the convenience of operation.

[0019] Beneficial effects: This device adopts FPGA digital circuit architecture to establish an upper bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model, collects and evaluates real-time rainfall intensity, and uses a stepper motor-driven lead screw linear module as power to automatically adjust the left and right bucket flipping inclination angles of the upper bucket. The inclination angle can be adjusted in real time according to the rainfall intensity to obtain a relatively stable and consistent upper bucket discharge volume under changes in rainfall intensity in actual applications, so that the measurement results of the rainfall sensor are accurate and consistent, effectively improving the accuracy of rainfall measurement under different rainfall intensities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the architectural principle of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is the relationship between the drainage volume and the overturning angle when the rainfall intensity remains unchanged in this example.

[0023] Figure 4 This is the relationship between drainage and rainfall intensity when the inclination angle remains unchanged in this example.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Rain collecting funnel; 2. Electric controlled tilt adjustment push rod; 3. Upper tipping bucket; 4. Collecting funnel; 5. Lower tipping bucket; 6. Adjusting screw; 7. Counting tipping bucket; 8. Steel spring pipe; 9. Bracket; 10. Base; 11. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, a rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor comprises a rain receiving funnel 1, an upper tip bucket tilt adjustment device, an upper tip bucket 3, a collecting funnel 4, a lower tip bucket 5, a lower tip bucket tilt adjustment device, a counting tip bucket 7, a steel spring tube 8, a bracket 9 and a base 10. The upper tip bucket 3 is located above the collecting funnel 4, the rain receiving funnel 1 is located above the upper tip bucket 3, the lower tip bucket 5 is located below the collecting funnel 4, the counting tip bucket 7 is located below the lower tip bucket 5, the bracket 9 is arranged on the base 10, the collecting funnel 4 is arranged at the upper end of the bracket 9, the upper tip bucket 3 is rotatably connected to the upper support in the middle of the upper end of the bracket 9, and the lower tip bucket 5 and the counting tip bucket 7 can both rotate The upper bucket tilt adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the upper bucket 3, and the lower bucket tilt adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the lower bucket 5. In this example, the lower bucket tilt adjustment device adopts an adjusting screw 6. The buckets on both sides of the counting bucket 7 are provided with magnetic steel. The positions of the left and right counting buckets 7 on the lower support in the middle of the upper part of the base 10 are provided with a steel spring tube 8. When the counting bucket 7 turns over, the magnetic steel acts on the steel spring tube 8 to close the steel spring tube 8 once to generate a pulse signal to be transmitted to the controller 11. After receiving the pulse signal, the controller 11 counts. Each pulse signal represents that the counting bucket 7 turns over once, so that the counting bucket 7 can be accurately counted. The precipitation is calculated. The upper bucket tilt adjustment device includes a controller 11 and two sets of electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods 2 located on the left and right sides of the upper bucket 3. The electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods 2 are electrically connected to the controller 11, and the steel spring tube 8 is electrically connected to the controller 11. In this example, the electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rod 2 adopts a screw linear module driven by a stepper motor for precise position control. The controller 11 adopts an FPGA digital circuit architecture, including a controller 11 top-level module, a rainfall intensity collection submodule, a rain gauge top-level control submodule and a motor control submodule. The controller 11 top-level module is provided with a rainfall intensity collection circuit external interface to connect the rainfall intensity collection submodule. And 2 motor drive external interfaces to connect the motor control submodule; the rainfall intensity collection submodule is provided with a steel reed pipe 8 collection circuit external interface, the signal collected from the steel reed pipe 8 is digitally filtered to reduce noise and error, and then the rainfall intensity is judged; the rain gauge top-level control submodule sends instructions to the lower computer motor control module to drive the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod 2 to adjust the tilt angle of the upper dump bucket 3 according to the rainfall intensity input by the rainfall intensity collection submodule; the motor control submodule includes the motor rotation direction, step number, and initial position reset of the tilt angle of the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod 2, and uses the state machine to perform logical operations to control the motor operation of the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod 2.

[0027] The controller 11 stores evaluation model data of the “discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship” of the upper dump bucket 3 , and the controller 11 adaptively adjusts the tilt angle of the upper dump bucket 3 through the electrically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod 2 according to the evaluation model.

[0028] The “discharge volume-rainfall intensity-inclination angle relationship” evaluation model is implemented as follows: obtain the discharge volume of five rainfall intensities of 0.5mm / min, 1mm / min, 2mm / min, 4mm / min, and 6mm / min at every 0.1 degree in the inclination angle range of 24°~35°, and form a model data table. The specific process of obtaining the “discharge volume-rainfall intensity-inclination angle relationship” evaluation model is as follows: First, adjust the tipping angle of the upper tipping bucket 3 to 24°; then use standard liquid addition, with a standard 10mm precipitation, simulate 5 kinds of rainfall intensities of 0.5mm / min, 1mm / min, 2mm / min, 4mm / min, 6mm / min, etc., inject them into the upper tipping bucket 3 to obtain the number of flips; finally, calculate that when the inclination angle is 24°, the drainage of the upper tipping bucket 3 under the above 5 kinds of rainfall intensities = 10mm / number of flips; when the inclination angle remains unchanged, since the drainage is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity, the interpolation method is used to obtain the continuous relationship between the drainage and rainfall intensity between the 5 kinds of rainfall intensities; Second, the tilt angle of the upper bucket 3 is increased by 0.1 degrees each time, and five rainfall intensities are simulated repeatedly, and finally a data table of the evaluation model of the upper bucket 3 "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" of the rainfall sensor is formed; 3. According to the data table of the upper dump bucket 3 "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model, obtain a numerical table of the discharge volume controlled at the fixed flip value closest to 0.1mm and store it into the controller 11 as the upper dump bucket 3 "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model executed by the controller 11.

[0029] It can effectively construct an accurate "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-inclination angle relationship" evaluation model, and help the controller 11 to optimize the discharge volume by adjusting the inclination angle of the upper dump bucket 3 under different rain intensity conditions, so as to achieve high-precision rainfall measurement. It can ensure that the data of the evaluation model is based on actual tests, has high accuracy and reliability, and helps to achieve precise adaptive adjustment of the upper dump bucket 3 under different rain intensity conditions.

[0030] The working process of a rain intensity self-adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor comprises the following steps: S1: The controller 11 collects the precipitation observed by its own sensor in the previous 30 seconds and converts it into minute rainfall intensity in mm / min; S2: The controller 11 drives the lead screw linear module according to the “discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship” evaluation model of the upper dump bucket 3 to adjust the flipping tilt angles of the left and right dump buckets of the upper dump bucket 3 so that the discharge volume of the upper dump bucket 3 is close to the fixed flipping value of 0.1 mm; S3: Repeat the above steps S1 and S2 to perform dynamic adaptive tilt adjustment.

[0031] Through the above working process, the drainage volume of the upper bucket 3 of the rain sensor is always kept at the value closest to 0.1mm under different rainfall intensities. The drainage volume modulation mechanism of the upper bucket 3 realized in the above manner not only enhances the sensor's ability to adapt to different rainfall intensities, but also greatly improves the "polarization" phenomenon of "light rain intensity is too large, heavy rain intensity is too small". The calibration personnel only need to debug the metering bucket to make its drainage volume close to the fixed flip value of 0.1mm to complete the debugging of the sensor.

[0032] This method enables the rain sensor to adaptively adjust the inclination angle of the tipping bucket in real time under different precipitation conditions, ensuring high-precision and stable rainfall measurement. Through continuous adjustment, the drainage volume of the tipping bucket is kept within the set range, reducing the measurement error caused by changes in precipitation intensity. The entire process is automated and does not require human intervention, which improves the intelligence level of the system and the convenience of operation.

[0033] In this example, the bucket inclination angle refers to the deflection angle of the bucket from the horizontal state to the left or right.

[0034] This example is improved on the basis of the existing SL3-1 double-bucket rainfall sensor. The following table shows the statistics of the upper bucket 3 inclination angle, overturning threshold, rainfall intensity, loss and drainage volume of the existing SL3-1 double-bucket rainfall sensor.

[0035]

[0036] *The units of overturning threshold, loss and drainage are all meteorological precipitation units, mm.

[0037] As shown in the table above Figure 3 It can be seen that when the rainfall intensity remains unchanged, the tilt angle of the upper dump bucket 3 increases, the flip threshold and the loss also increase, and the drainage volume increases; as shown in the above table combined with Figure 4It can be seen that when the flip angle remains unchanged, the drainage volume increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. After the rainfall sensor is debugged by the calibration personnel and put into use, the tilt angle of the tipping bucket has been fixed, the flip threshold is also fixed, and the loss will change with the change of rainfall intensity, and the drainage volume will also change. When the rainfall intensity changes greatly, when the actual drainage volume deviates far from the standard amount of 0.1mm, the flip coordination of the upper and lower tipping buckets 5 is destroyed, and the error is amplified. As shown in the table above, under laboratory conditions, the drainage volume is 0.106 under low rainfall intensity, and the tilt angle of the upper tipping bucket 3 is 30.4°; when in actual observation, when encountering high rainfall intensity, the drainage volume becomes 0.126, then the flip coordination of the upper and lower tipping buckets 5 is destroyed, and the measured indication under high rainfall intensity will be seriously small. In the calibration and debugging of the double tipping bucket rainfall sensor before it is put into use, generally try to take into account both large and small rainfall intensities, so that the drainage volume of the upper tipping bucket 3 is close to 0.1mm. Within the allowable error range, the working state of the double-tipping bucket rain gauge is: it is relatively accurate in light rain, with a relative error of less than 2%, while it is easily smaller in heavy rain, with a relative error close to -4%. Therefore, the double-tipping bucket rain gauge is prone to the "polarization" problem of "larger in light rain, smaller in heavy rain". Its defects are more obvious in the face of heavy rainfall such as rainstorms.

[0038] Therefore, the present invention adjusts the inclination angle of the upper bucket 3 at any time according to the rainfall intensity, so that the drainage volume is kept at about 0.1mm. For example, when the rainfall intensity is 1mm / min, the inclination angle is adjusted to 30.4°, so that the drainage volume is 0.106mm; when the rainfall intensity is 4mm / min, the inclination angle is adjusted to 25.2°, so that the drainage volume is 0.098mm. By adjusting the inclination angle in real time with the rainfall intensity, the turning of the upper and lower buckets 5 is kept coordinated, so that the rain sensor is always kept in the best state.

[0039] above Figure 1-4 The rainfall intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rain sensor shown is a specific embodiment of the present invention, which has embodied the outstanding substantial features and remarkable progress of the present invention. According to actual use needs and under the guidance of the present invention, equivalent modifications in shape, structure, etc. can be made to it, which are all within the protection scope of this scheme.

Claims

1. A rain intensity adaptive double-bucket rainfall sensor, comprising a rain collecting funnel, an upper bucket tilt adjustment device, and an upper bucket; the rain collecting funnel is located above the upper bucket, and is characterized in that: The upper dump bucket tilt adjustment device includes a controller and two sets of electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods located on the left and right sides of the upper dump bucket, and the electrically controlled tilt adjustment push rods are electrically connected to the controller; the controller adopts an FPGA digital circuit architecture, including a controller top-level module, a rainfall intensity collection submodule, a rain gauge top-level control submodule and a motor control submodule, and the controller top-level module is provided with a rainfall intensity collection circuit external interface to connect the rainfall intensity collection submodule and two motor drive external interfaces to connect the motor control submodule; The collected signal is digitally filtered and then the rainfall intensity is judged; the rain gauge top-level control submodule sends instructions to the lower computer motor control module to drive the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod to adjust the tilt angle of the upper dump bucket according to the rainfall intensity input by the rainfall intensity collection submodule; the motor control submodule includes the motor rotation direction, step number, and initial position reset of the upper dump bucket tilt angle of the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod, and uses the state machine to perform logical operations to control the motor operation of the electronically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod.

2. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a collecting funnel, a lower bucket, a lower bucket inclination adjustment device, a counting bucket, a steel reed pipe, a bracket and a base. The lower bucket is located below the collecting funnel, the counting bucket is located below the lower bucket, the bracket is arranged on the base, the collecting funnel is arranged on the upper end of the bracket, the upper bucket is rotatably connected to the upper support in the middle of the upper end of the bracket, the lower bucket and the counting bucket can be rotatably connected to the lower support in the middle of the upper end of the base, the upper bucket inclination adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the upper bucket, the lower bucket inclination adjustment device is arranged on both sides of the lower bucket, the position of the steel reed pipe corresponds to the position of the magnetic steel arranged on the counting bucket; the steel reed pipe is electrically connected to the controller; the rainfall intensity collection submodule is provided with a steel reed pipe collection circuit external interface.

3. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is provided with evaluation model data of the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship", and the controller adaptively adjusts the tilt angle of the upper dump bucket through an electrically controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod according to the evaluation model.

4. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The "discharge-rainfall intensity-inclination angle relationship" evaluation model is obtained by the following method: the discharge of five rainfall intensities of 0.5 mm / min, 1 mm / min, 2 mm / min, 4 mm / min, and 6 mm / min at every A degree in the inclination angle range of 24°~35° is obtained to form a model data table, wherein the value range of A degree is 0.1-1 degree.

5. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific process of obtaining the "discharge-rainfall-intensity-inclination relationship" evaluation model includes the following steps: First, adjust the tipping angle of the upper bucket to 24°; then use standard liquid addition to simulate 5 rainfall intensities of 0.5mm / min, 1mm / min, 2mm / min, 4mm / min, and 6mm / min with a standard fixed precipitation value, inject it into the upper bucket, and obtain the number of flips; finally, calculate that when the inclination angle is 24°, the drainage of the upper bucket under the above 5 rainfall intensities = fixed value / number of flips; when the inclination angle remains unchanged, since the drainage is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity, the interpolation method is used to obtain the continuous relationship between the drainage and rainfall intensity between the 5 rainfall intensities; Each time the tilt angle of the upper bucket is adjusted to increase by A degrees, the simulation of 5 rainfall intensities is repeated, and finally a data table of the evaluation model of the upper bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" of the rainfall sensor is formed; According to the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model data table, the discharge volume is controlled at a value table closest to the fixed flip value and stored in the controller as the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model executed by the controller.

6. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the evaluation model of the upper dump bucket "discharge-rainfall intensity-inclination relationship": when the inclination angle is adjusted to 30.9 degrees, the discharge is 0.103mm at a rainfall intensity of 1mm / min; when the inclination angle is adjusted to 26.3 degrees, the discharge is 0.0.096mm at a rainfall intensity of 4mm / min; when the inclination angle is adjusted to 24.7 degrees, the discharge is 0.095mm at a rainfall intensity of 5mm / min.

7. The rain intensity self-adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric-controlled tilt angle adjustment push rod adopts a screw linear module driven by a stepping motor.

8. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower dump bucket inclination angle adjustment device adopts an adjusting screw.

9. The rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two side buckets of the counting bucket are provided with magnets, and the steel reed tubes are provided on the lower support in the middle of the base at the positions corresponding to the left and right counting buckets. When turning over, the magnets act on the steel reed tubes to close them once to generate a pulse signal to be transmitted to the controller.

10. A method for operating a rain intensity adaptive double-tip bucket rainfall sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) The controller collects the precipitation observed by its own sensor n seconds ago and converts it into minute rainfall intensity; 2) The controller drives the linear module motor according to the upper dump bucket "discharge volume-rainfall intensity-tilt angle relationship" evaluation model to adjust the flipping angles of the left and right dump buckets of the upper dump bucket so that the discharge volume of the upper dump bucket is close to the fixed flipping value; 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) to perform dynamic adaptive tilt adjustment.

Images