The invention discloses a monitoring system and method of a non-tillage corn deep scarification combined seed and fertilizer drill. The monitoring system comprises a speed detection module, a seed sensor, a signal processing unit, a tilling depth monitoring module, a controller, a touch screen display module, a GPRS wireless transmission module, a GPS satellite positioning module and a voice alarm module. The method comprises the steps that before a system begins to work, parameter setting and tilling depth calibration operation are performed, after calibration is completed, the monitoring system starts circular scanning, collects and analyzes information, and sends the processed data to a touch screen and a remote monitoring platform to be displayed, and meanwhile alarm prompting is performed on the analyzed unusual condition through a voice alarm module. Real-time monitoring and remote monitoring of the seed sowing state and the tilling depth state are achieved, and due to application of the system, the problems that seed deficiency, bar breaking and tilling depth cannot meet the standard in the working process are effectively solved.