An intelligent road construction device capable of rapidly dissipating heat, used for grinding local protrusions on a construction road surface during road construction, comprising an outer casing (8), a motor (9), and a motor (9) driven by the motor (9) The grinding head driving rod part (6), wherein the motor (9) is connected with the driving sleeve part (61) of the grinding head driving rod part (6) through a fixedly coupled spline rod (91). The drive sleeve part (61) of the grinding head driving rod part (6) is connected with the grinding head driving rod part (6) through the tapered connecting part (612) in an axially slidable power coupling. The head mounting rod (62) is fixedly connected.