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This invention relates to the field of polymer composite materials technology, specifically to an aramid composite foam material and its preparation method. The raw materials of the aramid composite foam material include: 0.5-1 parts of meta-aramid chopped fibers; 0.2-0.5 parts of meta-aramid precipitate; 0.05-0.2 parts of thermally expandable microspheres; 2-10 parts of water-based adhesive; 0.5-1 parts of surfactant; and 15-50 parts of deionized water. The preparation method of the meta-aramid precipitate is as follows: meta-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride are polymerized in a polar solvent to obtain a meta-solvent; the meta-solvent is then fully dispersed in water, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain the meta-aramid precipitate. The aramid composite foam material exhibits uniform structure, low density, high strength, and temperature resistance with flame retardancy, and the preparation method is green and efficient.