A method for cultivating peach trees in steel-frame greenhouses in low-latitude plateau areas

Abstract

The invention relates to a steel frame greenhouse technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area. The technology is characterized in that steel pipes are welded to form a semicircular steel frame greenhouse to be fixed to the peach tree farmland; a plastic greenhouse film and an inspect proof nets cover the frame; a nonwoven fabric covering surface is hung in the greenhouse; the plastic greenhouse film and the nonwoven fabric are contracted and stretched to realize the control to the temperature in the greenhouse of the peach tree at different growth periods and under the changeful air temperature condition at the low-latitude plateau area; meanwhile, an underground irrigating device, a novel double-layer ground film and a special fruit bag and other technologies are adopted, thus the damage factor under the natural condition is removed, the natural growth state of the peach tree is remained to the maximum, and the quantity of applied pesticides and chemical fertilizers is greatly decreased; the water for irrigating is about 40% that under the common planting condition, and the output is more than 150% that under the common planting condition; in addition, the peach quality is far more than that of the common peach, and the market price is 5 times that of the common peach.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management, in particular to a method for cultivating peach trees in steel-frame greenhouses in low-latitude plateau areas. Background technique [0002] In the cultivation and management of peach trees, it has become a commonly used technology to improve fruit quality through greenhouses, drip irrigation, mulch covering and other facilities. However, the climate, environment and geographical conditions of various parts of our country are different. The current facility agriculture technology does not have a single method. It is a complete peach tree cultivation method that can adapt to the specific climate, environment and geographical conditions of the Yunnan low-latitude plateau region. In addition, as people pay more attention to food safety, no or less use of pesticides and fertilizers is already an important condition for fruit to increase its own added value. However, in ...

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Problems solved by technology

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region located south of 30°N is a low-latitude plateau region, dominated by Yunnan, including western Guizhou and the southern edge of Sichuan. The three frontier topics in the field of world meteorology: large terrain, low latitude, and tropical oceans are all in the The concentrated reflection here has formed many special weather and climate phenomena that are different from other regions in my country. The annual temperature range in low-latitude plateau areas is small, generally 0.3-12.7°C, and the annual average temperature is 13-21°C. It shows the characteristics of spring and autumn climate. There is neither hot summer nor cold winter. The four seasons are like spring, but the temperature varies greatly from day to day. One day can be divided into four seasons, night, winter, day and summer. This climate has created Yunnan's biodiversity, which is currently promoted in other provinces. It is very good to use the greenhouse technology with good results, but encountered many problems when it was used in Yunnan

[0003] First of all, the sunlight in Yunnan is strong, especially in winter, which is the dry season in Yunnan. The sun is blazing during the day, and the greenhouse with plastic film as the covering material is affected by the sunlight radiation. The dormancy period is 500-800 hours, so the peach trees in Yunnan have not experienced the dormancy period like the greenhouse in the north, and the fruit trees have not been well maintained, which directly affects the later germination and flowering process

In winter and spring, the daytime temperature of plastic greenhouses in Yunnan can even be as high as 40°C. At this time, it is necessary to cool down the fruit trees. The cost of traditional water curtain cooling is high, and Yunnan is in the dry season, so the use of water curtains is not conducive to the protection and utilization of water resources. ;If sprinkler irrigation is used to cool down, the humidity in the shed will increase, and the disease will aggravate; if the sunshade net commonly used in Yunnan is used to cool down, too much light will be covered, and the temperature cannot be effectively cooled, which will affect the photosynthesis of plants, produce deformed fruits, and reduce peach fruit. soluble solids content

[0004] Secondly, the cold current in Yunnan has a greater impact from January to March. From January to March in Yunnan, the daytime temperature is already high, and peach trees begin to sprout. , have a great impact on fruit trees. At this time, the plastic film alone in the greenhouse can no longer play the role of heat preservation and damage prevention, and the long-wave radiation of the earth at night will cool the greenhouse. In Yunnan, the greenhouse using ordinary plastic as a cover In greenhouses, the daily temperature difference can reach 40°C (-8°C to 32°C) in strong frost weather, such drastic temperature changes will cause great damage to fruit trees

[0005] In addition, Yunnan is rich in biodiversity. In high-temperature and high-humidity plastic greenhouses, the incidence of various diseases and insect pests is very high. When using sunshade nets, although there is natural ventilation, the temperature and humidity are reduced to the original ecological state, and diseases are reduced. Insects can drill into the greenhouse. In order to prevent insect damage, pesticide spraying is added, which reduces the food safety level of the fruit

And there is no insect pollination, artificial pollination is required, which greatly increases the planting cost of peach trees

[0006] Moreover, the ultraviolet rays in the low-latitude plateau are strong, and the existing single-layer fruit bags cannot completely block the strong ultraviolet rays in Yunnan, and the skin of the peach fruit will still be green. If a double-layer paper bag is used, although it can block the ultraviolet rays, the skin of the peach fruit will appear white or pale. Yellow, but the peaches in Yunnan all have peach tips due to the climate characteristics. If the outer bag is removed for coloring, the peach tips will ripen first. Use special fruit bags for Yunnan peaches

[0007] Although the greenhouse production technology of fruit trees has been popularized, the environment inside the greenhouse is too different from the natural environment, resulting in soil degradation, weak plant disease resistance, a large number of pests and diseases, large-scale use of pesticides and fertilizers, and poor fruit quality and taste. Unfavorable factors, maximizing the use of the natural environment, planting fruit trees that are closest to the natural state, and producing fruits that are closest to the natural state will become a new trend in the fruit tree industry in the future

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