The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-temperature smoke filter ceramic material with high thermal shock resistance, wherein the method takes beta-cordierite, potash feldspar, spodumene and kaolin as raw materials, takes mullite as additive and takes carbon powder, starch, silicon carbide powder, limestone, sawdust, coal slag and ceramic waste as hole-forming agent; the high-temperature smoke filter ceramic material with high porosity, high thermal shock resistance, high compression strength, excellent filter performance and controllable aperture can be prepared by ball grinding, molding and sintering processes. The source of the pore-forming agent is wide; the die pressing, cold isostatic pressing and casting molding can be adopted, so that the operation is convenient andthe production cost is low; the filter ceramic material has controllable aperture and porosity, and excellent high temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance. The technology provided by the invention solves dust filter problem of high-temperature and wet gas well and also is applied in kinds of fields such as separation and purification, sound absorption, catalyst carrier and the like.