The invention discloses a medium voltage DC vacuum circuit breaker main circuit topology, which comprises a main current path formed by serial connection of vacuum circuit breakers VB1 and VB2, a commutation breaking circuit formed by serial connection of a commutation capacitor C, an auxiliary switch S and a commutation inductor L, an auxiliary breaking circuit formed by serial connection of an auxiliary inductor La and an auxiliary capacitor Ca and an energy absorbing circuit formed by a varistor RV, wherein the main current path, the commutation breaking circuit and the energy absorbing circuit are connected in parallel; and the auxiliary breaking circuit and the vacuum circuit breaker VB1 are connected in parallel. The invention also discloses a commutation breaking method. In the caseof small current of a breaking DC system load, the vacuum circuit breakers VB1 and VB2 operate in sequence; and in the case of high current of fault of the breaking DC system, the vacuum circuit breakers VB1 and VB2 operate simultaneously. The medium voltage DC vacuum circuit breaker main circuit topology and the breaking method thereof have the characteristics of a reliable high current breakingprocess, quick small current breaking process and the like, and are suitable for a medium voltage DC high current system, and certain advantages are achieved in aspects of the device shape, the volume and the cost.