The invention provides an automatic deployment system and method of a hadoop cluster. The system comprises a command controller, a master controller, a deployer, a storing structure, an environment configurator, a resource distributor, a parameter configurator, a data synchronizer, a starter, a data downloader, a monitor and a cleaner, the command controller is used for generating operation description information according to user demands and submitting operations, the master controller is used for receiving and processing the operation description information submitted by the command controller, the deployer is used for providing heartbeat information of the master controller, receiving tasks distributed by the master controller and deploying relevant tasks, the storing structure is used for storing application data, computed application results and logs which are submitted by a user, the environment configurator, the resource distributor, the parameter configurator, the data synchronizer, the starter, the data downloader, the monitor and the cleaner are further arranged through deployment modules in the deployer so that automatic deployment and recycling of the hadoop cluster can be achieved, and the operation of a program can be dynamically monitored.