Assembled adjustable supporting and protecting mechanism for tunnel excavation

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembly adjustable tunnel excavation supporting protection mechanism, relates to the technical field of tunnel supporting structures, and solves the problems that a supporting plate for protecting a tunnel needs to bear very large downward pressure, the supporting plate is easily damaged and even fractured during protection, and the protection capability is affected. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation supporting mechanism comprises a tunnel body, a supporting bottom plate, a vertical lifting mechanism and an adjustable excavation supporting mechanism, and the supporting bottom plate is installed at the inner bottom of the tunnel body. According to the supporting structure, it is guaranteed that the side supporting plates and the supporting plates assembled on the side faces of the side supporting plates can tightly abut against the inner wall of the tunnel, gaps and other problems cannot be generated, the supporting contact area of the tunnel is increased, and meanwhile the supporting bearing capacity of the inner wall of the tunnel can be guaranteed. And meanwhile, the side supporting plates, the sliding rods arranged at the bottoms of the side supporting plates, the external columns and the upper supporting plate can form triangles, it is guaranteed that the problems of breakage and the like cannot occur when the tunnel is supported, and safety is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support structures, in particular to an assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism. Background Art

[0002] During the excavation and construction of the tunnel entrance, in order to avoid deformation or collapse of the tunnel rock layer, a special tunnel support structure is required to support and protect the tunnel rock layer to improve safety during actual construction.

[0003] The existing Chinese patent application with publication number CN116181389A discloses a strong support structure with large deformation in the initial stage of soft rock tunnel excavation and a construction method, including a base plate and a sleeve, wherein the base plate is provided with a high-strength support mechanism, and the high-strength support mechanism includes two movable grooves and fixed grooves opened on the upper surface of the base plate, a movable block is movably installed in the movable groove, a movable plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the movable block, a side guard plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the movable plate, an arch plate is fixedly installed on the top of the side guard plate, and a card slot is opened between the surfaces of the two opposite sides of the two side guard plates; this invention, by providing side guard plates on the base plate, arch plates on the side guard plates, vertical reinforcement rods and transverse reinforcement rods in the side guard plates, and reinforcement ribs on the arch plates, enables the support to withstand larger tunnel deformation or collapse, and can greatly improve the supporting strength of the inner wall of the tunnel when in use.

[0004] However, the tunnel support mechanism has the following defects when used:

[0005] 1. When supporting and protecting the excavated tunnel, the existing tunnel support mechanism generally adopts the method of setting support plates to improve the ability to support and protect the inner wall of the tunnel. However, in the actual operation of the traditional solution, the protective support plate needs to bear a large downward pressure, which can easily cause the support plate to be damaged or even broken during protection, and the protection ability of the support plate is poor;

[0006] 2. When the existing tunnel support mechanism supports the tunnel, the support plate for tunnel protection needs to contact the inner wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel support operation is achieved by contact support. However, when the support plate actually protects the inner wall of the tunnel, it is difficult for the support plate to adjust the size of its support area according to the size of the curved surface of the tunnel, which leads to a small application range of the support plate and poor support effect on the inner wall of the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] The present invention provides an assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism, comprising a tunnel body, a supporting bottom plate, a vertical lifting mechanism and an adjustable excavation support mechanism, wherein the inner bottom of the tunnel body is provided with a supporting bottom plate, the top of the supporting bottom plate is provided with a vertical lifting mechanism, and the top of the vertical lifting mechanism is provided with an adjustable excavation support mechanism via screws.

[0010] The top of the adjustable excavation support mechanism contacts the inner wall of the tunnel body and supports the inner top of the tunnel body.

[0011] Wherein, the adjustable excavation support mechanism comprises:

[0012] An eccentric steering assembly, wherein the eccentric steering assembly is mounted on the top of the vertical lifting mechanism, and a vertical support assembly is mounted at the center of the inside thereof, a support assembly assembly is mounted on the outside of the eccentric steering assembly and the vertical support assembly, and the vertical support assembly is mounted at the center of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism and is movably connected to the eccentric steering assembly; and

[0013] A bottom support assembly is installed at the bottom of the eccentric steering assembly, and two groups are provided. The bottoms of the two groups of bottom support assemblies are installed at the edge of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertical lifting mechanism comprises:

[0015] An outer guide column, which is installed at the angle of the top of the supporting bottom plate by screws, and is slidably connected with a sliding support column inside, and the sliding support column extends to the outside of the outer guide column, and an upper support plate is installed on the top.

[0016] Wherein, the outer guide pillars and the sliding pillars are provided in multiple groups;

[0017] A central frame is installed at the center of the top of the supporting base plate by screws and is arranged on the inner side of the plurality of groups of outer guide columns. A gear lifting assembly is installed inside the central frame.

[0018] Wherein, the top of the gear lifting assembly is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the gear lifting assembly includes:

[0020] A driving motor, the driving motor is mounted on one side of the central frame, and an output end of the driving motor is connected to a main shaft, the main shaft extends into the interior of the central frame, and is rotatably connected to the central frame;

[0021] A ratchet limiting component is installed on the outside of the main shaft and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame. A first gear is arranged on the side of the ratchet limiting component.

[0022] Wherein, the first gear is provided with two groups, one group of the first gear is installed on the outside of the main shaft, the two groups of the first gear are meshed and connected, and a slave shaft is installed inside the other group of the first gear, the slave shaft is located below the main shaft and is rotatably connected inside the central frame;

[0023] The second gear is installed on the outside of the slave shaft and is located on the side of another group of the first gears. The side of the second gear is meshed and connected with a lifting rod.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratchet limiting component includes:

[0025] A rotating ratchet wheel, the rotating ratchet wheel is mounted on the outer side of the main shaft and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame, and a group of the first gears are arranged on the side of the rotating ratchet wheel;

[0026] A limiting protrusion, the limiting protrusion abuts against the side of the rotating ratchet and is installed on the inner wall of the central frame, and a return spring is installed on the top of the limiting protrusion.

[0027] Wherein, the top of the return spring is installed on the inner top of the central frame.

[0028] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the lifting rod extends to the outside of the central frame and is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate.

[0029] Wherein, a guide rod is slidably connected inside the lifting rod, and the guide rod is installed on the inner bottom of the central frame.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the eccentric steering assembly comprises:

[0031] Side baffles, the side baffles are mounted on the top of the upper support plate by screws, and the side baffles are provided in two groups, a DC motor is mounted on the side of one group of side baffles, and the output end of the DC motor is connected to a drive shaft,

[0032] Wherein, the driving shaft is rotatably connected between the two sets of side baffles;

[0033] A transmission belt, the transmission belt is connected to the outside of the driving shaft through a synchronous wheel arranged on the inside, and is movably connected to the inside of another group of side baffles, and the inside of the transmission belt is also connected to a coupling rod through the synchronous wheel,

[0034] Wherein, the connecting rod is rotatably connected between the two sets of side baffles and is located on the side of the driving shaft, and the outer side of the connecting rod is movably connected with a vertical support assembly;

[0035] The third gear is connected to the coupling rod and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of one set of the side baffles. Two sets of the third gears are provided, and the two sets of the third gears are meshed and connected. A steering rod is installed on the side of the other set of the third gears.

[0036] Wherein, the steering rod is rotatably connected between the two groups of side baffles and is located on the side of the connecting rod.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a steering block is installed on the outer side of the driving shaft and the steering rod, and a first servo electric cylinder is installed on the side of the steering block.

[0038] Among them, the output end of the first servo electric cylinder is connected to a side support plate, the side of the side support plate is in contact with the tunnel body, the bottom of the side support plate is installed with a bottom support component, and the side of the side support plate is installed with a support assembly component.

[0039] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the vertical support assembly includes a vertical support block, a second servo electric cylinder and a top support plate.

[0040] The vertical support block is installed at the center of the top of the upper support plate, and the drive shaft is movably connected inside, and a second servo electric cylinder is installed on the top of the vertical support block by screws, and

[0041] Wherein, the output end of the second servo electric cylinder is connected to a top support plate, and a support assembly component is installed on the side of the top support plate.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the support assembly component includes:

[0043] The assembly bolts are arranged through the side support plates and the top support plates, and the assembly bolts are arranged in multiple groups. The outer sides of the assembly bolts are arranged with assembly support plates.

[0044] There are multiple groups of assembly support plates, which are assembled and fixed to the sides of the side support plates and the top support plates by assembly bolts, which are composed of bolts and nuts.

[0045] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the bottom support assembly includes:

[0046] A lower support block, the lower support block is installed at the bottom of the side support plate, and the inner side of the lower support block is rotatably connected to a sliding rod, the sliding rod extends to the inside of the external column and is slidably connected to the external column;

[0047] An edge block is rotatably connected to the inner side of the external column, and the edge block is installed at the edge of the top of the upper support plate.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for using an assembling adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1. The tunnel excavation support mechanism is suitable for supporting the rock mass when the surrounding rock type and geological conditions are poor after blasting excavation. It can also be used to support and reinforce various templates during concrete pouring construction. During the specific construction, the disassembled vertical lifting mechanism and adjustable excavation support mechanism are moved to the inside of the tunnel by transport vehicles, and then the tunnel excavation support mechanism is assembled and built by the staff;

[0050] S2. After the tunnel excavation support mechanism is assembled and constructed, the vertical lifting mechanism is started to operate, and the height of the adjustable excavation support mechanism at the top of the vertical lifting mechanism is adjusted to ensure that the adjustable excavation support mechanism automatically contacts the inner top of the tunnel. At the same time, the position of the support assembly components can be adaptively adjusted according to different sections and different working conditions to play a supporting and protective role;

[0051] S3. When actually supporting and protecting the tunnel, the support assembly components can perfectly adapt to the curvature of the rock surface and the shape of the template when there are deviations in the flatness of the excavated rock surface and the concrete construction template, so that the support assembly components are in close contact with the rock surface and the template.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. In the process of assembling the adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism, the side support plates can be adjusted to support the inner walls of the tunnel at different angles and directions by starting the DC motor to ensure that the side support plates and their side assembly support plates can tightly contact the inner walls of the tunnel without causing problems such as gaps. This can increase the contact area of ​​the tunnel support while ensuring the bearing capacity of the inner walls of the tunnel. At the same time, when the side support plates support the inner walls of the tunnel, the sliding rods and external columns at the bottom can form a triangle with the upper support plate to ensure that the side support plates will not break when supporting the inner walls of the tunnel, which provides higher safety. In addition, the sliding rods and external columns for triangular support will also operate when the side support plates turn, and always form a triangle with the upper support plate and the turning block to meet the requirements for supporting different tunnels.

[0054] 2. When assembling the adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism, when supporting the rock layer of the tunnel, the main shaft can be driven to rotate by starting the drive motor to drive the gears and lifting rods connected to the main shaft to operate, and the position and height of the lifting rods can be adjusted to ensure that the support plate can automatically conflict with the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby realizing automated tunnel support operations. At the same time, after the tunnel support is adjusted, the rotating ratchet connected to the main shaft can conflict with the limiting protrusion, and the rotation of the rotating ratchet and the main shaft can be limited (only one-way rotation is allowed), which will not affect the normal lifting and lowering movement of the lifting rods while improving the support capacity for the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0055] 3. In assembling the adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism, when the upper support plate and the adjustable excavation support mechanism move due to the lifting and lowering movement of the lifting rod, the multiple sets of sliding pillars installed at the bottom angle of the upper support plate can be lifted and lowered synchronously (outside the outer guide column). At this time, the slidingly connected outer guide column and sliding pillar ensure that the upper support plate can only operate in the vertical direction during the lifting and lowering movement, and there will be no dislocation and gap problems when supporting the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the ability to support the tunnel;

[0056] 4. In assembling the adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism, the support base plate, the central frame (and its internal gear lifting component structure), the side baffle plate (and its side eccentric steering component structure) and the assembly support plate that support the inner wall of the tunnel can all be installed and fixed by means of screws or bolts, ensuring that the support mechanism is more convenient to transport, build and disassemble. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0058] In addition, the terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0059] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention under the tunnel support state;

[0060] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall main view of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overall explosion of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall side view of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention as a whole viewed from above;

[0064] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the supporting bottom plate and the vertical lifting mechanism of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cross-section of the connection between the central frame and the gear lifting assembly of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gear lifting assembly of the present invention;

[0067] Fig. 9 The present invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the enlarged area in the middle A;

[0068] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the upper support plate and the adjustable excavation support mechanism of the present invention;

[0069] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable excavation support mechanism of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable excavation support mechanism connected to the explosion of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side support plate, the support assembly component and the bottom support component connected to each other in the present invention;

[0072] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the assembly support plate and the side support plate of the present invention;

[0073] In the figure:

[0074] 10. Tunnel body; 100. Supporting bottom plate;

[0075] 20. vertical lifting mechanism; 201. outer guide column; 202. sliding support column; 203. upper support plate; 204. central frame;

[0076] 205, gear lifting assembly; 2051, driving motor; 2052, main shaft;

[0077] 2053, ratchet limiting component; 20531, rotating ratchet; 20532, limiting protrusion; 20533, return spring;

[0078] 2054, first gear; 2055, slave shaft; 2056, second gear; 2057, lifting rod; 20571, guide rod;

[0079] 30. Adjustable excavation support mechanism;

[0080] 40. eccentric steering assembly; 401. side baffle; 402. DC motor; 403. drive shaft; 404. transmission belt; 405. connecting rod; 406. third gear; 407. steering rod; 408. steering block; 4081. first servo electric cylinder; 4082. side support plate;

[0081] 50. vertical support assembly; 501. vertical support block; 502. second servo electric cylinder; 503. top support plate;

[0082] 60. Support assembly components; 601. Assembly bolts; 602. Assembly support plates;

[0083] 70, bottom support assembly; 701, lower support block; 702, sliding rod; 703, external column; 704, edge block;

[0084] 800, protective support plate; 801, servo motor; 802, servo shaft; 803, fourth gear; 804, rotating connecting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0086] See also Figure 1-Figure 14The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism includes a tunnel body 10, a support bottom plate 100, a vertical lifting mechanism 20 and an adjustable excavation support mechanism 30. The inner bottom of the tunnel body 10 is installed with the support bottom plate 100, the top of the support bottom plate 100 is installed with the vertical lifting mechanism 20, and the top of the vertical lifting mechanism 20 is installed with the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 by screws. The top of the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 is in conflict with the inner wall of the tunnel body 10, and supports the inner top of the tunnel body 10, wherein the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 includes an eccentric steering The vertical lifting mechanism 20 comprises an eccentric steering assembly 40, an eccentric steering assembly 40 is mounted on the top of the vertical lifting mechanism 20, and a vertical support assembly 50 is mounted at the center of the inside, a support assembly assembly 60 is mounted on the outside of the eccentric steering assembly 40 and the vertical support assembly 50, the vertical support assembly 50 is mounted at the center of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism 20, and is movably connected to the eccentric steering assembly 40; and a bottom support assembly 70, the bottom support assembly 70 is mounted on the bottom of the eccentric steering assembly 40, and two groups are provided, and the bottoms of the two groups of bottom support assemblies 70 are mounted at the edge of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism 20.

[0087] The above working principle: when excavating a tunnel, in order to improve the safety of tunnel excavation operations, it is necessary to support and protect the tunnel. At this time, according to the structural shape of the inner wall of the tunnel, the eccentric steering assembly 40 is started to operate, and the positions and angles of the two sets of support assembly assemblies 60 are adjusted according to the shape and structure of the tunnel to ensure that the support assembly assemblies 60 can fit tightly on the inner wall of the tunnel, increase the size of the contact area with the inner wall of the tunnel and improve the ability to support the tunnel. At the same time, when actually supporting the tunnel, the bottom support assembly 70 that contacts the inner wall of the tunnel can support the eccentric steering assembly 40 and the support assembly 60, improve the bearing capacity of supporting the tunnel rock, and effectively improve the service life of the eccentric steering assembly 40 and the support assembly 60 for supporting the inner wall of the tunnel. And the design of the vertical lifting mechanism 20 can adjust the position height of its top support assembly 60 and the eccentric steering assembly 40 according to the height of the tunnel to meet the requirements for supporting different tunnels.

[0088] Specific reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9The vertical lifting mechanism 20 includes an outer guide column 201, which is installed at the angle of the top of the support base plate 100 by screws, and is slidably connected with a sliding pillar 202 inside. The sliding pillar 202 extends to the outside of the outer guide column 201, and an upper support plate 203 is installed on the top, wherein the outer guide column 201 and the sliding pillar 202 are each provided with multiple groups; a central frame 204, which is installed at the center of the top of the support base plate 100 by screws, and is arranged on the inner side of multiple groups of outer guide columns 201, and a gear lifting assembly 205 is installed inside the central frame 204, wherein the top of the gear lifting assembly 205 is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate 203.

[0089] In this embodiment, the gear lifting assembly 205 includes a driving motor 2051, which is installed on one side of the central frame 204, and the output end of the driving motor 2051 is connected to a main shaft 2052, which extends to the inside of the central frame 204 and is rotatably connected to the central frame 204; a ratchet limiting component 2053, which is installed on the outside of the main shaft 2052 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame 204, and a first gear 2054 is provided on the side direction of the ratchet limiting component 2053, wherein the first gear 2054 is provided on the side direction of the ratchet limiting component 2053. There are two groups of gears 2054, one group of first gears 2054 is installed on the outside of the main shaft 2052, the two groups of first gears 2054 are meshed and connected, and the inside of the other group of first gears 2054 is installed with a slave shaft 2055, the slave shaft 2055 is located below the main shaft 2052 and is rotatably connected to the inside of the central frame 204; the second gear 2056 is installed on the outside of the slave shaft 2055 and is located on the side of the other group of first gears 2054, and the side of the second gear 2056 is meshed and connected with a lifting rod 2057.

[0090] In the above embodiment, when the support position needs to be adjusted according to the height of the tunnel, the driving motor 2051 is started to operate, which can drive the main shaft 2052 connected to its output end to rotate. When the main shaft 2052 rotates, it will drive the first gear 2054 installed on the outside to rotate, and make the other group of first gears 2054 meshed and connected at the bottom of the first gear 2054 rotate. At this time, when the other group of first gears 2054 rotates, it will also drive the slave shaft 2055 installed inside to rotate, and make the second gear 2056 installed on the outside of the slave shaft 2055 rotate. When the second gear 2056 rotates, it will drive the lifting rod 2057 meshed and connected on the side to move up and down, and adjust the position and height of the support plate 203 on the top of the lifting rod 2057.

[0091] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, when the upper support plate 203 is raised and lowered, the sliding support pillar 202 installed at the bottom angle thereof can slide on the inner side of the outer guide column 201 to guide the lifting and lowering movement of the upper support plate 203, thereby ensuring that the lifting and lowering movement of the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 will not cause problems such as deviation or shaking.

[0092] In addition, specific reference Fig. 9 The ratchet limiting component 2053 includes a rotating ratchet 20531, which is mounted on the outer side of the main shaft 2052 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame 204. A group of first gears 2054 are arranged on the side of the rotating ratchet 20531; a limiting protrusion 20532, which abuts against the side of the rotating ratchet 20531 and is mounted on the inner wall of the central frame 204. A return spring 20533 is installed on the top of the limiting protrusion 20532, wherein the top of the return spring 20533 is installed on the inner top of the central frame 204. In this embodiment, the support plate 203 can only rise but not fall. If it is desired to fall, the central frame can only be opened and the limiting protrusion can be manually opened so that the support plate can fall. As another embodiment, the ratchet can be replaced by a gear, and the limit protrusion and the return spring can be replaced by an electromagnetic push rod to drive the pin. When the support plate needs to be raised or lowered, the electromagnetic push rod controls the pin to disengage from the gear. When the support plate needs to be fixed, the electromagnetic push rod controls the pin to engage with the gear. Preferably, the pin is composed of a sleeve, a pin rod slidably connected in the sleeve, and a spring between the pin rod and the bottom of the sleeve. The reason why the pin is made elastic is to make it have a certain flexibility and good adaptability to working conditions.

[0093] In this embodiment, the lifting rod 2057 extends to the outside of the central frame 204 and is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate 203, wherein the internal sliding connection of the lifting rod 2057 is provided with a guide rod 20571, and the guide rod 20571 is installed at the inner bottom of the central frame 204. The design of the guide rod 20571 can ensure the stability of the lifting rod 2057 during lifting and moving, and prevent problems such as offset.

[0094] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, when the main shaft 2052 rotates, the rotating ratchet 20531 installed on its outer side will also rotate accordingly. At this time, the design of the limiting protrusion 20532 on the side of the rotating ratchet 20531 can limit the rotation direction of the main shaft 2052, ensuring that the main shaft 2052 and the rotating ratchet 20531 can only rotate in one direction. At this time, after the lifting and lowering movement is completed, the downward pressure of the load can be further supported to enhance the ability to support the inner wall of the tunnel. The design of the reset spring 20533 can control the position of the limiting protrusion 20532, which can ensure that the limiting protrusion 20532 can be tightly in contact with the rotating ratchet 20531.

[0095] In the present invention, a latch positioning module may be provided at the connection portion between the outer guide column 201 and the sliding pillar 202, and the internal latch of the latch positioning module is inserted into the outer guide column 201 and the sliding pillar 202 to achieve a relatively stable and fixed position of the outer guide column 201 and the sliding pillar 202.

[0096] Specific reference Fig.11 and Fig.12 The eccentric steering assembly 40 includes a side baffle 401, which is mounted on the top of the upper support plate 203 by screws, and the side baffle 401 is provided with two groups, a DC motor 402 is installed on the side of one group of side baffles 401, and the output end of the DC motor 402 is connected to a drive shaft 403, wherein the drive shaft 403 is rotatably connected between the two groups of side baffles 401; a transmission belt 404, the transmission belt 404 is connected to the outer side of the drive shaft 403 through a synchronous wheel arranged on the inner side, and is movably connected to the inner side of the other group of side baffles 401, and the inner side of the transmission belt 404 is also connected to a connecting wheel through the synchronous wheel. A shaft rod 405, wherein the connecting rod 405 is rotatably connected between the two groups of side baffles 401 and is located on the side of the driving shaft 403, and the outer side of the connecting rod 405 is movably connected with the vertical support assembly 50; a third gear 406, the third gear 406 is connected to the connecting rod 405, and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of a group of side baffles 401, two groups of third gears 406 are provided, and the two groups of third gears 406 are meshed and connected, and a steering rod 407 is installed on the side of the other group of third gears 406, wherein the steering rod 407 is rotatably connected between the two groups of side baffles 401 and is located on the side of the connecting rod 405.

[0097] In this embodiment, steering blocks 408 are installed on the outer sides of the driving shaft 403 and the steering rod 407, and a first servo electric cylinder 4081 is installed on the side of the steering block 408, wherein the output end of the first servo electric cylinder 4081 is connected to a side support plate 4082, the side of the side support plate 4082 abuts against the tunnel body 10, the bottom of the side support plate 4082 is installed with a bottom support assembly 70, and the side of the side support plate 4082 is installed with a support assembly assembly 60. The position and height of the side support plate 4082 can be adjusted by the design of the first servo electric cylinder 4081, so as to facilitate the abutment and support with different tunnel inner walls.

[0098] In the present invention, the first servo electric cylinder 4081 converts the rotational motion of the servo motor into linear motion to realize linear motion mechanical equipment, which has the advantages of low cost, strong practicality and high precision.

[0099] In the assembly adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, when supporting the inner wall of the tunnel, the DC motor 402 is started to operate, which can drive the drive shaft 403 connected to its output end to rotate, and make a group of steering blocks 408 installed on the outside of the drive shaft 403 rotate. When the drive shaft 403 rotates, it will also drive the transmission belt 404 connected to the outside through the synchronous wheel to operate, and make the connecting rod 405 connected to the inside of the transmission belt 404 through the synchronous wheel to rotate. At this time, when the connecting rod 405 rotates, it will drive the third gear 406 installed on the outside to rotate, and make another group of third gears 406 meshed with the third gear 406 rotate. When the other group of third gears 406 rotates, it will drive the steering rod 407 installed on the side to rotate, and make the steering block 408 installed on the outside of the steering rod 407 rotate synchronously (opposite to the rotation direction of the drive shaft 403).

[0100] In the present invention, the angle adjustment operation is performed by operating the DC motor 402, which has higher precision and better control performance. It can achieve micron-level positioning accuracy and can realize complex motion trajectory and speed control.

[0101] Specific reference Fig.12 The vertical support assembly 50 includes a vertical support block 501, a second servo electric cylinder 502 and a top support plate 503, wherein the vertical support block 501 is installed at the center of the top of the upper support plate 203 and is movably connected with a drive shaft 403 inside, and the top of the vertical support block 501 is installed with a second servo electric cylinder 502 by screws, and wherein the output end of the second servo electric cylinder 502 is connected to the top support plate 503, and the side of the top support plate 503 is installed with a support assembly assembly 60.

[0102] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, the second servo electric cylinder 502 can drive the top support plate 503 connected to its output end to move up and down, ensuring that the top support plate 503 can contact the inner wall of the tunnel to achieve support operation on the tunnel.

[0103] Specific reference Fig.12 and Fig.13 The support assembly component 60 includes an assembly bolt 601, which passes through the side support plate 4082 and the top support plate 503, and there are multiple groups of assembly bolts 601. An assembly support plate 602 is arranged on the outer side of the assembly bolt 601, wherein there are multiple groups of assembly support plates 602, and the multiple groups of assembly support plates 602 are assembled and fixed to the sides of the side support plate 4082 and the top support plate 503 by the assembly bolts 601.

[0104] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, during the process of supporting the tunnel, two sets of assembled support plates 602 can be tightly installed on the left and right sides of the side support plates 4082 and the top support plates 503 by means of assembly bolts 601 and matching assembly nuts, thereby further increasing the contact area between the support structure and the inner wall of the tunnel and improving the ability to support the tunnel.

[0105] Specific reference Fig.13 The bottom support assembly 70 includes a lower support block 701, which is installed at the bottom of the side support plate 4082 and is rotatably connected to a sliding rod 702 on the inner side. The sliding rod 702 extends to the inside of the external column 703 and is slidably connected to the external column 703; an edge block 704, which is rotatably connected to the inner side of the external column 703 and is installed at the edge of the top of the upper support plate 203.

[0106] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, when the side support plate 4082 supports the inner wall of the tunnel, it can cooperate with the sliding rod 702, the external column 703 and the upper support plate 203 set at the bottom thereof to form a triangle, thereby improving the ability of the side support plate 4082 to support the inner wall of the tunnel. At the same time, when the side support plate 4082 is adjusted in angle, the sliding rod 702 can be rotatably connected to the side support plate 4082 through the lower support block 701, the sliding rod 702 can be slidably connected inside the external column 703, and the external column 703 can be rotatably connected to the upper support plate 203 through the edge block 704, thereby ensuring that the sliding rod 702 and the external column 703 can continuously support and connect the side support plate 4082, thereby realizing support operations for different tunnels.

[0107] In the present invention, another latch positioning module is provided at the connection part between the sliding rod 702 and the external column 703. By inserting the internal latch of the other latch positioning module into the sliding rod 702 and the external column 703, the relative stability and fixed operation of the positions of the external sliding rod 702 and the external column 703 can be achieved.

[0108] In addition, in the present invention, the structure of the sliding rod 702 and the external column 703 can be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder, and the requirement of supporting and protecting the side support plate 4082 can be met by the telescopic movement of the oil rod inside the hydraulic cylinder. At this time, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the edge block 704, and the oil rod of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the lower support block 701.

[0109] Specific reference Fig.14 As another embodiment of the present invention: the assembly support plate 602 and the side support plate 4082 of the present invention can be composed of multiple protective support plates 800, servo motors 801, servo shafts 802, fourth gears 803 and rotating connectors 804, wherein the servo shafts 802 are connected to both sides of the inside of the protective support plate 800, one side of one of the servo shafts 802 of the protective support plate is connected to the output end of the servo motor 801, and the servo motor 801 is fixedly installed on one side of the inside of the protective support plate 800, wherein two adjacent servo shafts 802 are connected by a rotating connector 804, and the rotating connector 804 is movably connected to both sides of the inside of the protective support plate 800, and the bottom of the multiple servo shafts 802 is connected to the fourth gear 803, and two adjacent fourth gears 803 are meshed and connected, and the fourth gear 803 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the protective support plate 800.

[0110] In the assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism of the present invention, when it is necessary to make corresponding arc adjustments according to the arc of the tunnel, the servo motor 801 is started to operate, driving the servo shaft 802 connected to its output end to rotate, and allowing a fourth gear 803 connected to the bottom of the servo shaft 802 to rotate. When a fourth gear 803 rotates, it will drive another fourth gear 803 and a protective support plate 800 meshingly connected to its side to rotate, and adjust the angles of two sets of adjacent protective support plates 800. The design of the rotating connector 804 can ensure the connection and assembly of the two rotating connected protective support plates 800, and ensure the stability and firmness of the multiple protective support plates 800 when they are connected and assembled. Multiple servo motors 801 adjust the angles of the multiple protective support plates 800 respectively, so that the protective support plates 800 can be adaptively adjusted according to the angle of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0111] Among them, multiple protective support plates 800 are provided. The design of multiple protective support plates 800 ensures that when the angle is adjusted, it can fit more closely to the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby improving the effect of supporting and protecting the tunnel; a rubber layer is provided on the side of the protective support plate 800 that contacts the tunnel.

[0112] When the assembly support plate 602 and the side support plate 4082 in the above embodiment are used, a bottom support assembly 70 is provided at both sides of the bottom of each protection support plate 800, and the middle part of the bottom of the assembly support plate 602 located in the middle part is connected to the first servo electric cylinder 4081. In this way, each protection support plate 800 can obtain good support.

[0113] In this embodiment, there are two situations. The first situation is that the assembly support plate 602 is not installed on the side support plate 4082, that is, the support assembly component 60 is not installed. At this time, when the side support plate 4082 is adjusted to adapt the angle to the inner wall of the tunnel, multiple private service motors 801 can adjust the angle separately to adapt to the curvature of the inner wall of the tunnel. The second method is to install the assembly support plate 602 on the side support plate 4082, that is, when installing the support assembly component 60, the side support plate 4082 can be composed of multiple protective support plates 800, a servo motor 801, a servo shaft 802, a fourth gear 803 and a rotating connection 804, and the assembly support plate 602 is composed of multiple protective support plates 800, a servo shaft 802 and a rotating connection 804. The protective support plates 800 included in the side support plate 4082 and the assembly support plate 602 are vertically identical and one-to-one corresponding. At this time, the one-to-one corresponding protective support plates 800 between the side support plate 4082 and the assembly support plate 602 are connected with assembly bolts 601, so that the protective support plates 800 on the side support plate 4082 can be adjusted together with the corresponding protective support plates 800 on the assembly support plate 602 when the servo motor 801 drives the side support plate 4082 to adjust the angle, and the two are protected synchronously. Of course, the servo motor 801 and the fourth gear 803 can also be installed at the protective support plate 800 included in the assembly support plate 602. At this time, the side support plate 4082 and the protective support plate 800 included in the assembly support plate 602 also correspond to each other one by one. Only a pair of two corresponding protective support plates 800 located in the middle position can be connected by the assembly bolts 601, and then the corresponding protective support plates 800 in other positions are not connected. In this way, the angles of multiple protective support plates 800 on the side support plate 4082 and the assembly support plate 602 can be individually adjusted by the servo motor 801 at their positions. That is, in this case, the side support plate 4082 and the assembly support plate 602 can be adaptively adjusted to adapt to the shapes of the inner walls of the tunnel at their positions.

[0114] Specific reference Figure 1-Figure 14The method for assembling the adjustable tunnel excavation support mechanism comprises the following steps:

[0115] S1. The tunnel excavation support mechanism is suitable for supporting the rock mass when the surrounding rock type and geological conditions are poor after blasting excavation, and can also be used for supporting and reinforcing various templates during concrete pouring construction. During the specific construction, the disassembled vertical lifting mechanism 20 and the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 are moved to the inside of the tunnel by means of transportation by a transport vehicle, and then the tunnel excavation support mechanism is assembled and constructed by the staff;

[0116] S2. After the tunnel excavation support mechanism is assembled and built, the vertical lifting mechanism 20 is started to operate, and the height of the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 on the top of the vertical lifting mechanism 20 is adjusted to ensure that the adjustable excavation support mechanism 30 automatically contacts the inner top of the tunnel. At the same time, the position of the support assembly component 60 can be adaptively adjusted according to different sections and different working conditions to play a supporting and protective role;

[0117] S3. When actually supporting and protecting the tunnel, the support assembly component 60 can perfectly adapt to the curvature of the rock surface and the shape of the template when there are deviations in the flatness of the excavated rock surface and the concrete construction template, so that the support assembly component 60 is in close contact with the rock surface and the template.

[0118] Without limitation, any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism is assembled, comprising a tunnel body (10), a support bottom plate (100), a vertical lifting mechanism (20) and an adjustable excavation support mechanism (30), characterized in that: A supporting bottom plate (100) is installed at the inner bottom of the tunnel body (10), a vertical lifting mechanism (20) is installed at the top of the supporting bottom plate (100), and an adjustable excavation supporting mechanism (30) is installed at the top of the vertical lifting mechanism (20) via screws. The top of the adjustable excavation support mechanism (30) contacts the inner wall of the tunnel body (10) and supports the inner top of the tunnel body (10). Wherein, the adjustable excavation support mechanism (30) comprises: an eccentric steering assembly (40), the eccentric steering assembly (40) being mounted on the top of the vertical lifting mechanism (20), and a vertical support assembly (50) being mounted at the center of the interior thereof, the vertical support assembly (50) being mounted at the center of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism (20) and being movably connected to the eccentric steering assembly (40); and A bottom support assembly (70) is installed on the lateral outside of the eccentric steering assembly (40), and two groups are provided. The bottoms of the two groups of bottom support assemblies (70) are installed at the edge of the top of the vertical lifting mechanism (20).

2. The adjustable assembled tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical lifting mechanism (20) comprises: An outer guide column (201), the outer guide column (201) is installed at the angle of the top of the supporting base plate (100) by means of screws, and a sliding support column (202) is slidably connected inside the outer guide column (201), the sliding support column (202) extends to the outside of the outer guide column (201), and an upper support plate (203) is installed on the top, Wherein, the outer guide pillars (201) and the sliding pillars (202) are provided in multiple groups; A central frame (204), the central frame (204) is installed at the center of the top of the supporting base plate (100) by means of screws and is arranged on the inner side of the plurality of groups of outer guide columns (201), and a gear lifting assembly (205) is installed inside the central frame (204). Wherein, the top of the gear lifting assembly (205) is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate (203).

3. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gear lifting assembly (205) comprises: A driving motor (2051), the driving motor (2051) being mounted on one side of the central frame (204), and having an output end connected to a main shaft (2052), the main shaft (2052) extending into the interior of the central frame (204) and being rotationally connected to the central frame (204); a ratchet limiting component (2053), wherein the ratchet limiting component (2053) is mounted on the outside of the main shaft (2052) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame (204), and a first gear (2054) is provided on the side of the ratchet limiting component (2053). The first gear (2054) is provided with two groups, one group of the first gear (2054) is fixed on the outside of the main shaft (2052), the two groups of the first gear (2054) are meshed and connected, and the inside of the other group of the first gear (2054) is fixed with a slave shaft (2055), the slave shaft (2055) is located below the main shaft (2052) and is rotatably connected to the inside of the central frame (204); The second gear (2056) is fixed on the outside of the slave shaft (2055) and is located on the side of another group of the first gears (2054). The side of the second gear (2056) is meshedly connected with a lifting rod (2057).

4. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ratchet limiting component (2053) comprises: A rotating ratchet (20531), wherein the rotating ratchet (20531) is fixed on the outside of the main shaft (2052) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame (204), and a group of the first gears (2054) are provided on the side of the rotating ratchet (20531); a limiting protrusion (20532), the limiting protrusion (20532) abuts against the side of the rotating ratchet (20531) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the central frame (204), and a return spring (20533) is installed on the top of the limiting protrusion (20532). Wherein, the top of the return spring (20533) is installed on the inner top of the central frame (204).

5. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lifting rod (2057) extends to the outside of the central frame (204) and is installed at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate (203). The lifting rod (2057) is slidably connected inside with a guide rod (20571), and the guide rod (20571) is fixed to the inner bottom of the central frame (204).

6. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The eccentric steering assembly (40) comprises: Side baffles (401), the side baffles (401) are mounted on the top of the upper support plate (203) by means of screws, and the side baffles (401) are provided in two groups, a DC motor (402) is mounted on the side of one group of side baffles (401), and an output end of the DC motor (402) is connected to a drive shaft (403), Wherein, the driving shaft (403) is rotatably connected between the two sets of side baffles (401); A transmission belt (404), wherein the transmission belt (404) is connected to the outer side of the driving shaft (403) through a synchronous wheel arranged on the inner side, and is movably connected to the inner side of another group of side baffles (401), and the inner side of the transmission belt (404) is also connected to a coupling rod (405) through the synchronous wheel. The connecting rod (405) is rotatably connected between the two sets of side baffles (401) and is located on the side of the driving shaft (403). The outer side of the connecting rod (405) is movably connected to a vertical support assembly (50). The third gear (406) is connected to the coupling rod (405) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of one group of the side baffles (401). Two groups of the third gear (406) are provided, and the two groups of the third gears (406) are meshed and connected. A steering rod (407) is installed on the side of the other group of the third gears (406). The steering rod (407) is rotatably connected between the two sets of side baffles (401) and is located on the side of the connecting rod (405).

7. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A steering block (408) is fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the driving shaft (403) and the steering rod (407), and a first servo electric cylinder (4081) is fixedly mounted on the side of the steering block (408). The output end of the first servo electric cylinder (4081) is connected to a side support plate (4082), the side of the side support plate (4082) abuts against the tunnel body (10), the bottom of the side support plate (4082) is installed with a bottom support assembly (70), and the side of the side support plate (4082) is installed with a support assembly assembly (60).

8. The adjustable assembled tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The vertical support assembly (50) comprises a vertical support block (501), a second servo electric cylinder (502) and a top support plate (503). The vertical support block (501) is fixedly mounted at the center of the top of the upper support plate (203), and is movably connected to the drive shaft (403) inside, and a second servo electric cylinder (502) is mounted on the top of the vertical support block (501) by screws, and The output end of the second servo electric cylinder (502) is connected to a top support plate (503), and a support assembly component (60) is installed on the side of the top support plate (503).

9. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 8 is characterized in that: A support assembly component (60) is installed on the outer sides of the eccentric steering component (40) and the vertical support component (50), and the support assembly component (60) includes: An assembly bolt (601), wherein the assembly bolt (601) penetrates the side support plate (4082) or the top support plate (503), and the assembly bolt (601) is provided in multiple groups, and an assembly support plate (602) is provided on the outer side of the assembly bolt (601). There are multiple groups of assembly support plates (602), and the multiple groups of assembly support plates (602) are assembled and fixed to the side of the side support plate (4082) or the top support plate (503) by assembly bolts (601).

10. The assembled adjustable tunnel excavation support and protection mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom support assembly (70) comprises: A lower support block (701), the lower support block (701) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the side support plate (4082), and is rotatably connected to a sliding rod (702) on the inner side, the sliding rod (702) extends to the inside of the external column (703), and is slidably connected to the external column (703); An edge block (704), the edge block (704) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the external column (703), and the edge block (704) is fixedly installed at the edge of the top of the upper support plate (203).

Images