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The present application relates to the technical field of fracturing aids, and is a temperature-controlled variable-density high-pressure-resistant proppant and a preparation method thereof.The raw materials of the temperature-controlled variable-density high-pressure-resistant proppant include a proppant, a surface modifier, a temperature-controlled polymer, an initiator and an organic solvent.The temperature-controlled variable-density high-pressure-resistant proppant is prepared by first modifying the surface of the proppant to obtain a modified proppant, then grafting and polymerizing the modified proppant with the temperature-controlled polymer, and finally post-treating the final product.The temperature-controlled variable-density high-pressure-resistant proppant can reduce the density under the response of the bottom-hole temperature, so that it is more easily transported to the deep part of a complex fracture network and uniformly laid, has a low breakage rate, can well support the fractures and promote the flow of oil and gas in the fractures.Meanwhile, the temperature-controlled variable-density high-pressure-resistant proppant still has high pressure resistance after swelling, so as to avoid being crushed to reduce the fracture width and block the seepage channel and reduce the fracture conductivity.