The invention relates to a spatial life support system urine wastewater treatment device and a spatial life support system urine wastewater treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The urine in the device is diluted by over 10 times and then delivered to a nitration reactor, meanwhile an air supply device supplies oxygen to the nitration reactor, the wastewater treated by the microbes in the nitration reactor is drained to a nitric nitrogen wastewater withdrawer, a part of the treated wastewater is recycled, the other part of the treated wastewater is deliveredto a denitrification reactor, and the wastewater further treated by the microbes in the denitrification reactor is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and treated to obtain treated water; a mixing device for mixing the microbes and the wastewater and a pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature sensor for detecting the reaction conditions in the reaction are arranged in the nitration reactor and the denitrification reactor respectively; and the reaction conditions are controlled through an exhaust valve, a gas flow meter, a pump, an automatic control valve, a heating sleeve and an acid and alkaliadder. According to the device and the method, the energy consumption is low and the concentration of the treated urine wastewater is high because only oxygen is supplied, nitrogen can be reclaimed, the treatment period is short, the safety is high, and the effect is good.