The invention provides a self-propelled plant protection machine and relates to agricultural mechanical equipment. The technical problems that modular design of an existing plant protection machine is poor, spray rods cannot automatically return, the stirring effect of an agent box is poor, the structure is complex, and operation is inconvenient are solved. The self-propelled plant protection machine comprises an agricultural operation vehicle composed of a vehicle body, a drive system and a hydraulic system. A frame is arranged on the vehicle body, a water system assembly is arranged on the frame, a lifting mechanism is installed on the flange installation face of the frame, and hydraulic quick-change connectors of the frame are connected with hydraulic parts of the plant protection machine. The water system assembly is composed of an agent box, a hydraulic motor, an agent pump, a water segregator, a filter, a three-way ball valve, a direct-connection ball valve, a filter element, a water inflow manifold block, a water return manifold block, a washing water gun and a water quick-change connector. A jet flow stirring nozzle is arranged in the agent box. A spray rod system assembly is composed of a primary spray rod, a secondary spray rod and a tertiary spray rod. The self-propelled plant protection machine is used for farmland management and has the advantages that modular design is achieved, the structure is simple, operation is convenient, the stirring effect of the agent box is good, and the spray rods automatically return.