A fully mechanized planting method for garlic and cotton

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fully mechanized planting method of garlic and cotton, including variety matching selection, mechanical sowing and harvesting agricultural machinery agronomy integration technology, mechanized production field management technology, biodegradable mulch film application and other technologies, realizing the fully mechanized planting of garlic and cotton. The present invention discloses for the first time a garlic and cotton variety combination that can be fully mechanized for planting, a combination of Jisuan No. 3 and Lumian 241 short-season cotton varieties, integrating hierarchical sowing technical measures that are compatible with mechanized production of garlic, using garlic anti-premature aging and pest-resistant special coating preparations, significantly improving sowing quality and yield, and using permeable membranes for the first time in water and fertilizer management, combined with an intelligent water and fertilizer management system, achieving a 10% reduction in water and fertilizer use and a 10% increase in crop yields, while reducing labor and improving economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of garlic and cotton planting, and in particular relates to a fully mechanized garlic and cotton planting method. Background Art

[0002] Garlic intercropping with cotton is a traditional planting model in southwest Shandong and surrounding areas. In the traditional model, garlic and cotton are both labor-intensive crops. Except for the use of machines in the tillage, land preparation and irrigation stages, other processes are mostly completed manually, especially the harvesting and planting processes. In recent years, with the transfer of rural labor, there is a shortage of labor for garlic and cotton sowing and harvesting, and labor costs are getting higher and higher, which has seriously affected the healthy development of the industry.

[0003] In recent years, the high-efficiency and precision garlic sowing and harvesting machinery and cotton sowing and harvesting machinery developed by domestic universities and research institutes have gradually matured and gradually entered the production link, significantly improving the sowing and harvesting efficiency and reducing production costs.

[0004] However, the main production link of garlic intercropping with cotton is still artificial planting, and the main reasons for this phenomenon are the characteristics of crop varieties and technical limitations. When harvesting garlic and sowing cotton, it is difficult to adopt mechanized production because the crops growing in the field limit the machinery from entering the field. If it is forced to use, the yield of the crop will be greatly reduced. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a garlic and cotton planting method that can achieve full mechanized planting while ensuring the yield of crops. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned industrial problems, the present invention has invented a fully mechanized planting method for garlic and cotton, including variety combination selection, mechanical sowing and harvesting agricultural machinery and agronomy integration technology, mechanized production field management technology, biodegradable mulch film application, pest and disease prevention and control, production connection and other technologies, combined with full mechanized operation, to achieve full mechanized planting of garlic and cotton, reduce the use of water and fertilizer, increase crop yields, and at the same time, reduce labor and improve economic and social benefits.

[0006] The present invention provides a fully mechanized planting method for garlic and cotton, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Variety selection: garlic is selected as the first crop and cotton is selected as the second crop;

[0008] (2) Fertilization of cultivated land: After applying decomposed organic fertilizer, plow the land and level the bed surface. After leveling the bed surface, apply garlic-specific controlled-release fertilizer;

[0009] (3) Garlic coating: selecting garlic seeds and classifying the garlic seeds into three grades according to their size based on the requirements of mechanized sowing; preparing a formulation for resisting premature aging and pests and diseases, and coating the garlic seeds with the formulation;

[0010] (4) Gradual sowing: Sowing is carried out in early October, using a garlic sprout precision seeder for graded sowing;

[0011] (5) Irrigation and mulching: After sowing garlic, use an intelligent precision irrigation system to water it; after watering, use a plant protection drone to spray herbicides; after spraying herbicides, cover with degradable biofilm;

[0012] (6) Water and fertilizer management: In mid-to-late March of the following year, spray plant growth regulators; from mid-to-late March to garlic harvest, the intelligent water and fertilizer management for medium- and low-fertility plots is 80% basal fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 20% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable film, and the intelligent water and fertilizer management for high-fertility plots is 60% basal fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 40% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable film;

[0013] (7) Pest and disease control: Use a combination of physical and chemical control to control pests and diseases;

[0014] (8) Harvesting garlic stalks: After the garlic stalks are mature, they can be harvested at noon or in the afternoon on a sunny day;

[0015] (9) Garlic harvesting: From May 3 to 5, water was applied using sprinkler irrigation facilities. From May 10 to 13, the garlic plants matured and the mature garlic was harvested using a garlic combine harvester.

[0016] (10) Cotton sowing: After the garlic is harvested, the garlic stalks and weeds in the field are cleaned up, and the cotton varieties are sown directly using a seeder equipped with a watering device without covering the field with film;

[0017] (11) Pruning and water and fertilizer management: Simplified pruning and topping were carried out in mid-July, and the garlic intelligent water and fertilizer integrated management system was used for timely watering;

[0018] (12) Cotton harvesting: Spray defoliants from September 28 to 30; harvest cotton using self-propelled baling pickers from October 7 to 10.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (1), the garlic crop is selected from an early-maturing variety that is suitable for mechanized production and can be paired with direct seeding of the next crop of cotton; and the cotton crop is selected from a short-season cotton variety that is suitable for mechanized production and can be paired with the previous crop of garlic after harvesting.

[0020] Furthermore, when garlic is sown mechanically, the upward rate of garlic bulbils is over 90% and the crushing force of garlic bulbils is over 110N; when garlic is harvested mechanically, the compressive strength of the early mature stalks is over 0.91Mpa; and the growing period of garlic is 202-207 days.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (1), the garlic is Jisuan No. 3; and the cotton is Lumian 241.

[0022] Furthermore, the preparation ingredients of step (3) include plant immune protein solution, chitosan solution, Bacillus subtilis suspension, thiamethoxam suspension, fludioxonil suspension and difenoconazole suspension.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (4), the graded sowing is a first-level seed petal sowing density of 25,000-27,000 plants / 666.7 m 2 , sowing row spacing is 18cm, plant spacing is 12-13cm; secondary seed petal sowing density is 28000-30000 plants / 666.7m 2 The sowing row spacing is 18cm and the plant spacing is 10-11cm.

[0024] Furthermore, the biodegradable mulch film in step (5) is a PBAT 0.014 mm garlic-specific biodegradable mulch film.

[0025] Furthermore, the plant growth regulator in step (6) is amino acid and brassinolide.

[0026] Further, in step (6), 80% of the base fertilizer is 5.48KG / 100m 2 Urea +28.12KG / 100m 2 Superphosphate +6.92KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; organic fertilizer is 146.7KG / 100m 2 Organic fertilizer; topdressing is 1.37KG / 100m 2 Urea +1.73KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; sprinkler irrigation: 0.46KG / 100m 2 Urea + 0.58KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate + 10L / 100m 2 water.

[0027] Further, step (6) 60% basal fertilizer is 4.11KG / 100m 2 Urea +28.12KG / 100m 2 Superphosphate +5.19KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; organic fertilizer is 146.7KG / 100m 2 Organic fertilizer; 40% topdressing is 2.74KG / 100m 2 Urea +3.46KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; sprinkler irrigation: 0.46KG / 100m 2 Urea + 0.58KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate + 10L / 100m2 water.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention forms a garlic-cotton fully mechanized planting mode for the first time. The Jisuan No. 3 garlic is matched with the Lumian 241 short-season cotton variety. Both have a greater yield advantage than other varieties in the fully mechanized production.

[0030] 2. For plots with medium or lower fertility, Plan 1 is adopted: 80% base fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 20% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable membrane; for plots with higher fertility, Plan 2 is adopted: 60% base fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 40% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable membrane. Compared with conventional water and fertilizer measures, the above two plans increase yield by more than 10% and reduce water and fertilizer consumption by more than 20% due to the first use of permeable membrane and garlic intelligent water and fertilizer management system.

[0031] 3. Prepare a special coating preparation for garlic against premature aging and pests and diseases containing plant immune protein solution, chitosan solution, Bacillus subtilis suspension, thiamethoxam suspension, fludioxonil suspension and fenpropimorph suspension, which can significantly improve the ability of garlic to resist premature aging and pests and diseases and increase garlic yield.

[0032] Fourth, the graded sowing technical measures that are compatible with the mechanized production of garlic are integrated, and the sowing quality and yield are significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the claims attached to the application.

[0034] Germplasm source: Jinsuan No. 3, Jinxiang purple garlic, and Henan early-maturing garlic come from the garlic germplasm resource bank of Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lumian 241 seeds come from Shandong Cotton Research Center.

[0035] Machinery sources: Garlic bud precision seeder, model 2BUX-11, purchased from Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.; intelligent precision irrigation system purchased from Shandong Boyun Modern Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd.; intelligent water and fertilizer management system purchased from Shandong Boyun Modern Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd.; plant protection drone, model XAIRCRAFT, purchased from Guangzhou XAIRCRAFT Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.; garlic combine harvester, model MLY2 garlic harvester, purchased from Shandong Maria Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.; seeder with watering device, two-row self-propelled cotton combine seeder, purchased from Shandong Huaxing Machinery Co., Ltd.; self-propelled baling cotton picker model Swan 4MZD-6, purchased from Shandong Swan Cotton Machinery Co., Ltd.

[0036] Source of mulch film: PBAT (polybutylene adipate / terephthalate) 0.014mm garlic-specific biodegradable mulch film was purchased from Shandong Changfa New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0037] During soil leveling, the sources of fertilizers used were: organic fertilizer purchased from Jining Fengyuan Agriculture and Forestry Technology Co., Ltd.; garlic-specific controlled-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 18-14-16 ≥ 48%), purchased from Shandong Maoshi Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; medium and trace element fertilizer containing 12% sulfur, 0.2% boron, and 0.3% zinc, purchased from Handan Yuanwo Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0038] Sources of components of garlic anti-aging and pest and disease formulations: plant immune protein liquid was purchased from Yantai Shuihetu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; 30 billion spores / mL Bacillus subtilis suspension was purchased from Xingtai Sibet Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; chitosan solution was purchased from Rushan Hanwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; thiamethoxam suspension was purchased from Qingdao Zhongda Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; fludioxonil suspension was purchased from Qingdao Zhongda Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; fenpropimorph suspension was purchased from Qingdao Zhongda Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; diflufenicol was purchased from Bayer, Germany; and isopropylamine was purchased from Syngenta Suzhou Crop Protection Co., Ltd.

[0039] In mid-to-late March of the following year, the sources of components for foliar spraying by plant protection drones were: urea was purchased from Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd.; potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Anhui Fengle Agrochemical Co., Ltd.; amino acid fertilizer was purchased from Nongxin Technology Co., Ltd.; brassinolide was purchased from Nongxin Technology Co., Ltd.; and macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥60%) was purchased from Zhongzhi Kechuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0040] From mid-to-late March to garlic harvest, the components used in the garlic intelligent water-fertilizer integrated management system are as follows: urea was purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.; superphosphate was purchased from Hubei Fengle Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; potassium sulfate was purchased from Shandong Qingshang Chemical Co., Ltd.; organic fertilizer was purchased from Shandong Fertilizer Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd.; the permeable membrane came from Shandong Changfa New Materials Co., Ltd., and the material is PBAT degradable material, which was designed by the researchers of this application according to the garlic water-fertilizer management system, with a specification of 0.6mm permeable holes and a hole spacing of 3cm.

[0041] During the pest and disease control period, the sources of the components used were: "frequency vibration insecticidal lamp" was purchased from Jingxun Changtong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.; thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules were purchased from Jingbo Agrochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0042] The sources of components used during cotton planting: pendimethalin was purchased from Jiangsu Longdeng Chemical Co., Ltd.; auxin was purchased from Zhongmian Xiaokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; emamectin benzoate was purchased from Jiangsu Huifeng Bio-Agriculture Co., Ltd.; imidacloprid was purchased from Jiangsu Kangpeng Agrochemical Co., Ltd.; compound fertilizer (N15-P15-K15) was purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.; spray defoliants were purchased from Henan Aikon Crop Protection Co., Ltd.

[0043] The present invention provides a fully mechanized planting method for garlic and cotton, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0044] 1. Variety selection

[0045] Most garlic varieties have long growth cycles and cannot provide a long growth cycle for the short-season cotton varieties in the next direct seeding, resulting in low yields, low mechanical sowing positive bud rate, low mechanical sowing quality, low stem compressive strength during mechanical harvesting, and high lodging rate. It is impossible to carry out garlic-cotton full mechanized production. Jinsuan No. 3, Jinxiang purple garlic, and Henan early-maturing garlic were selected for variety selection and breeding combination with Lumian 241. The planting area is the experimental field of Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Jinxiang County garlic-cotton full mechanized production test demonstration field.

[0046] 2. Level the soil and apply garlic-specific controlled-release fertilizer in reduced amounts

[0047] First, apply 4-5m of decomposed organic fertilizer 3 / 666.7m 2 Then plow the land, level it, harrow it (the diameter of the soil block should be less than 3cm), make ridges, and level the ridge surface. After leveling the ridge surface, apply garlic-specific controlled-release fertilizer at a rate of 80kg / 666.7m 2 At the same time, apply boron, zinc, sulfur and other trace element fertilizers at a rate of 5kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0048] 3. Use preparations to coat garlic

[0049] Select the excellent garlic seed No. 3 without disease spots and damage, and coat it with an anti-premature aging and disease and pest formula after dividing the cloves. The formula of the preparation is as follows: 2L of clean water + 5mL of plant immune protein + 20mL of 30 billion spores / mL Bacillus subtilis suspension + 5mL of 2% chitosan solution + 20mL of 30% thiamethoxam suspension + 20mL of 3% fludioxonil suspension + 20mL of 3% difenoconazole suspension. Use the above preparation to coat 150kg of seed cloves.

[0050] 4. Garlic sprout precision seeder for graded sowing

[0051] Sowing was carried out from October 1st to 15th at an average temperature of 17-20℃. After the garlic No. 3 seeds were divided into cloves, the cloves were graded. The cloves with a mass of 5g or more were first-level cloves, between 4g and 5g were second-level cloves, and less than 4g were third-level cloves. Use a garlic bud precision seeder with a bud correction system, adjustable plant spacing, and a rotary tillage system. When sowing, first select the first-level cloves. When sowing with the seeder, select a seed scoop suitable for the cloves in the seed box. After sowing the first-level cloves, you can choose the second-level cloves for sowing, and replace the appropriate seed box and seed scoop. The sowing density of the first-level cloves is 25000-27000 / 666.7m 2 Plant, sowing row spacing is 18cm, plant spacing is 12-13cm; the sowing density of secondary petals is 28000-30000 / 666.7m 2 Plants, sowing row spacing 18cm, plant spacing 10-11cm.

[0052] 5. Mechanized irrigation, pesticide application and film covering

[0053] Two days after garlic was sown, the intelligent precision irrigation system was used for watering, with a water volume of 30m 3 / 666.7m 2 ; After 3 days of watering, a plant protection drone was used to spray 60% diflufenicol-isopropylamine compound herbicide (diflufenicol content was 5%, isopropylamine content was 55%) on the ground, with a dosage of 90g / 666.7m 2 , add water 40kg / 666.7m 2 ; 3 hours after applying the pesticide, cover with ordinary mulch and PBAT garlic-specific biodegradable mulch.

[0054] 6. Garlic intelligent water and fertilizer management system for water and fertilizer management

[0055] In mid-to-late March of the following year, plant protection drones are used for foliar spraying. The concentration of the solution for foliar spraying is 0.5% urea (100g urea diluted with 20kg water) diluted solution + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (60g potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted with 20kg water) diluted solution + 600 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (33.3g amino acid fertilizer diluted with 20kg water) + 1200 times diluted brassinolide (16.7g brassinolide diluted with 20kg water); the total amount of solution for foliar spraying is 210g diluted with 20kg water, spray once every 7d, and spray 3 times in a row.

[0056] From mid-to-late March to garlic harvest, the garlic intelligent water-fertilizer integrated management system was used for water and fertilizer management. The water and fertilizer experimental plan implemented is shown in Table 1. The total amount of fertilizer applied was 45.64kg / 666.7m 2 (basal fertilizer + topdressing), superphosphate 187.5kg / 666.7m 2(Total basal fertilizer), potassium sulfate 57.7kg / 666.7m 2 (Base fertilizer + top dressing) calculation.

[0057] Table 1 Design of garlic intelligent water and fertilizer test

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] 7. Comprehensive green prevention and control of pests and diseases during garlic growth

[0063] Physical control: Use "frequency vibration insecticidal lamps" to lure and kill adult onion flies and late-eyed mushroom gnats, control garlic maggots and leek maggots, use yellow boards to lure and kill aphids, and cut off the vectors of viral diseases.

[0064] Chemical control: Garlic maggots and leek maggots are controlled by using environmentally friendly soluble agent 5% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 360g / 666.7m 2 Irrigate the roots and water immediately after applying the medicine.

[0065] 8. Harvesting Garlic Stalks

[0066] The harvesting standards are as follows: First, the garlic stalks are curved into a large hook shape, and the bracts should be 4-5 cm long and horizontal (called "swinging stalks"); second, the bracts are obviously swollen; third, the garlic stalks near the leaf sheath are 4-6 cm long and turn slightly yellow (called "swinging yellow").

[0067] Harvest at noon or afternoon on sunny days. Pay attention to protecting the garlic leaves when lifting the stalks, especially the flag leaf, to prevent the leaves from being lifted or broken, which will affect the growth of the garlic.

[0068] 9. Garlic harvesting with garlic combine harvester

[0069] On May 3-5, sprinkler irrigation was used to water 20-30m 3 / 666.7m 2 , to prepare soil for garlic harvesting and cotton planting in the next crop, and to improve harvesting efficiency and cotton germination rate. From May 10 to 13, the plants of Jisuan No. 3 garlic (or Jinxiang purple garlic, Henan early-maturing garlic) mature (most of the leaves at the base are dry, the upper leaves gradually turn yellow, the top 2-3 leaves remain green, and the plants are in a soft state), and the mature garlic is harvested using a garlic combine harvester (generally mature more than 18 days after the stem is raised).

[0070] 10. Mechanical sowing without film covering after garlic is suitable for short-season cotton varieties

[0071] In early to mid-May, after the harvest of Jisuan No. 3 garlic, garlic stalks and field weeds should be cleaned up in time. 2 The high-quality short-season cotton variety Lumian 241 was sown with a density of 150 ml / 666.7 m2 using a seeder equipped with a watering device. Water was applied in the sowing furrow at the same time as sowing. After watering, a closed herbicide of 330 g / L pendimethalin was sprayed at 5 pm. The dosage was 150 ml / 666.7 m2. 2 Add 40kg of water, check and supplement seedlings 5-7 days after sowing, and spread poison bait 10 days after sowing to control underground pests.

[0072] 11. Timely chemical control and simplified pruning management

[0073] In mid-to-late May, early-to-mid-June and mid-to-late July, chemical control and prevention of pests and diseases were carried out at key growth stages of Lumian 241. The back of the cotton leaves was sprayed with growth enhancer at a dosage of 10-20ml / 666.7m 2 Add 30kg water; spray 1000-1500 times of emamectin benzoate, the dosage is 10-20ml / 666.7m 2 Add 30kg of water; spray 1500 times 10% imidacloprid solution, the dosage is 20g / 666.7m 2 Add 30kg of water. Simplify pruning and topping in mid-July.

[0074] 12. Use smart irrigation facilities to water at the right time

[0075] Connect to the previous crop of garlic intelligent water and fertilizer integrated management system to water in time, water in time 20-30m 3 / 666.7m 2 After tillage, apply compound fertilizer (N15-P15-K15) at a rate of 30kg / 666.7m 2 .

[0076] 13. Use self-propelled baler to harvest cotton mechanically

[0077] On September 28-30, spray defoliant at a rate of 13-15ml / 666.7m 2 Add 30kg of water; harvest using a self-propelled baler on October 7-10.

[0078] 14. Experimental results:

[0079] 1) The growth characteristics and yield comparison of Jisuan No. 3 + Lumian 241 and Jinxiang purple garlic + Lumian 241 are shown in Table 2. The suitable mechanical sowing parameters and suitable mechanical harvesting parameters of Jisuan No. 3, Jinxiang purple garlic and Henan early-maturing garlic are shown in Table 3.

[0080] Table 2 Comparison of growth traits and yields of different garlic-cotton varieties

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Table 3 Comparison of agronomic and mechanical properties of different garlic varieties suitable for mechanized sowing and harvesting

[0084]

[0085] By comparing the relevant parameters of Jisuan No. 3, Jinxiang purple garlic, Henan early-maturing garlic and Lumian 241 in combination planting, it was found that Jisuan No. 3 was early-maturing and high-yielding, with a bulbil upward rate of 91.2% during mechanical sowing, a low bulbil breakage rate, no premature aging and lodging at maturity, upright stems, and a straw compressive strength of 0.91MPa. The above traits were better than Jinxiang purple garlic and Henan early-maturing garlic, and suitable for mechanized production and harvesting. Lumian 241 has fast germination, strong growth in the seedling stage, and steady growth throughout the growth period. After being succumbed to Jisuan No. 3, it can give full play to the advantages of early maturity, high yield, and adaptability to mechanized production.

[0086] 2) The application effects of garlic anti-aging and pest and disease formulations are shown in Table 4.

[0087] Table 4 Application effect of garlic anti-aging and pest and disease formulation

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] By comparing the experimental group and the control group, it was found that the garlic anti-premature aging and pest and disease preparation can significantly improve the garlic's ability to resist premature aging and pests and diseases, increase garlic yield, and reduce the use of pesticides.

[0091] 3) The results of the comparison between mechanical sowing and manual sowing of the buds of "Jisan No. 3" are shown in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5 Comparison of mechanical sowing and manual sowing effects of “Ji Suan No. 3” buds

[0093] Survey Project Mechanical sowing Artificial sowing Row spacing (cm) 18.0 18.0 Plant spacing (cm) 12.4 13.3 Bottom planting depth (cm) 3.7 3.8 Replay rate (%) 2.6 1.1 Missed broadcast rate (%) 2.8 1.2 Single particle rate (%) 94.6 97.7 Damage rate (%) 0.4 0 Bud upward rate (%) 91.2 99.5 <![CDATA[Operating efficiency (666.7 m 2 / h)]]> 2.4 0.2 <![CDATA[Fresh garlic bulb yield (kg / 666.7m 2 )]]> 1415.3 1403.5 <![CDATA[Save labor costs (yuan / 666.7m 2 )]]> 55 - Increased garlic production (%) 0.84

[0094] By comparing the effects of mechanical sowing and manual sowing of the buds of "Jisan No. 3", it was found that mechanical sowing increased the efficiency by 11 times compared with manual sowing, and the yield of fresh garlic increased by 0.84%.

[0095] 4) The results of the effects of different PBAT biodegradable film treatments on soil temperature and moisture content are shown in Table 6; the results of the effects of different color and thickness biodegradable films on agronomic indicators and yield of garlic bulbs are shown in Table 7.

[0096] Table 6 Effects of different degradation film treatments on soil temperature and moisture content

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] (Note: a, b, c represent significant differences at the 5% level, the same as in the following table)

[0100] Table 7 Effects of different color and thickness biodegradable films on agronomic indicators and yield of garlic bulbs

[0101]

[0102] Through the above data, it is found that PBAT garlic-specific biodegradable mulch film (0.014mm) has high light transmittance, good heat preservation and moisture retention effects, and can be completely degraded.

[0103] 5) The effects of different intelligent water and fertilizer treatments on garlic bulb formation and input-output ratio are shown in Table 8.

[0104] Table 8 Effects of different intelligent water and fertilizer treatments on garlic bulb formation and input-output ratio

[0105]

[0106] By analyzing the above data, it is found that the plots with medium fertility and below adopt the garlic intelligent water-fertilizer integration plan 1: 80% base fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 20% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable membrane; the plots with higher fertility adopt the garlic intelligent water-fertilizer integration plan 2: 60% base fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 40% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable membrane, in which the total amount of fertilizer is based on urea 45.64kg / 666.7m 2 (basal fertilizer + topdressing), superphosphate 187.5kg / 666.7m 2 (Total basal fertilizer), potassium sulfate 57.7kg / 666.7m 2 (Base fertilizer + topdressing) calculation, the above two intelligent water and fertilizer management schemes not only increase garlic yield by more than 10% compared with conventional management schemes, but also significantly reduce the amount of water and fertilizer used.

[0107] The present invention first forms a new combination of garlic and cotton varieties suitable for the full mechanized production of garlic and cotton in Shandong Province. The new garlic variety Jisuan No. 3 is matched with the new short-season cotton variety Lumian 241, which lays the foundation for the high-yield mechanized production of garlic and cotton and fills the gap of the lack of corresponding matching varieties in Shandong Province. During mechanical sowing, the bulbil upward rate of "Jisuan No. 3" reaches 91.2%, the bulbil breakage rate is low, the mature period does not prematurely fall, the stems are upright, and the straw compressive strength reaches 0.91MPa. The above properties are better than Jinxiang purple garlic and Henan early-maturing garlic, suitable for mechanized harvesting, and compared with varieties such as Jinxiang purple garlic, it can be harvested more than 10 days earlier, providing more than 10 days of light cycle for the mechanized production of subsequent cotton crops, which can meet the high yield demand of cotton.

[0108] From 2020 to 2022, supporting mechanized production trials and large-scale demonstration and promotion were carried out. The average yield of garlic stalks per mu in the five demonstration sites of Jisuan No. 3 was 427.2kg, and the average yield of fresh weight of garlic bulbs per mu was 1816.1kg; the average yield of fresh weight of garlic stalks and garlic bulbs in Jinxiang garlic was 181.2kg and 1737.7kg respectively. The yield of garlic stalks and garlic bulbs of Jisuan No. 3 increased by 135.8% and 4.5% respectively compared with Jinxiang garlic; Lumian 241 was matched with Jisuan No. 3, and the seed cotton yield was 302.1kg / 666.7m 2 , when used with Jinxiang garlic, the seed cotton yield is 271.6kg / 666.7m 2 , an increase of 11.2%. Compared with other varieties, it has a greater yield advantage in mechanized production.

[0109] The above embodiments are merely examples of the explanation, specific implementation methods and implementation effects of the present invention, and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the invention without any creative contribution as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A fully mechanized planting method for garlic and cotton, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Variety selection: garlic is selected as the previous crop; cotton is selected as the next crop; the garlic crop is an early-maturing variety, Jisuan No. 3, which is suitable for mechanized production and can be matched with direct-seeding cotton in the next crop; the cotton crop is a short-season cotton variety, Lumian 241, which is suitable for mechanized production and can be matched with the previous garlic crop after harvesting; (2) Fertilization of cultivated land: After applying decomposed organic fertilizer, plow the land and level the bed surface. After leveling the bed surface, apply garlic-specific controlled-release fertilizer; (3) Garlic coating: selecting garlic seeds and dividing them into three grades according to their size based on the requirements of mechanized sowing; preparing a formula preparation for resisting premature aging and pests and diseases, and using the preparation to coat the garlic seeds; the preparation ingredients include plant immune protein solution, chitosan solution, Bacillus subtilis suspension, thiamethoxam suspension, fludioxonil suspension and difenoconazole suspension; (4) Gradual sowing: sowing is carried out in early October, and the garlic bud precision seeder is used for graded sowing; when the garlic is mechanically sown, the upward rate of the garlic buds is more than 90%, and the crushing force of the garlic buds is more than 110N; (5) Irrigation and mulching: After sowing garlic, use an intelligent precision irrigation system to water it; after watering, use a plant protection drone to spray herbicides; after spraying herbicides, cover with degradable biofilm; (6) Water and fertilizer management: In mid-to-late March of the following year, spray plant growth regulators; from mid-to-late March to garlic harvest, the intelligent water and fertilizer management for medium- and low-fertility plots is 80% basal fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 20% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable film, and the intelligent water and fertilizer management for high-fertility plots is 60% basal fertilizer + organic fertilizer + 40% topdressing + sprinkler irrigation + permeable film; (7) Pest and disease control: Use a combination of physical and chemical control to control pests and diseases; (8) Harvesting garlic stalks: After the garlic stalks are mature, they can be harvested at noon or in the afternoon on a sunny day; (9) Garlic harvesting: From May 3 to 5, water was applied using sprinkler irrigation facilities. From May 10 to 13, the garlic plants matured and the mature garlic was harvested using a garlic combine harvester. (10) Cotton sowing: After the garlic is harvested, the garlic stalks and weeds in the field are cleaned up, and the cotton varieties are sown directly using a seeder equipped with a watering device without covering the field with film; (11) Pruning and water and fertilizer management: Simplified pruning and topping were carried out in mid-July, and the garlic intelligent water and fertilizer integrated management system was used for timely watering; (12) Cotton harvesting: Spray defoliants from September 28 to 30; harvest cotton using self-propelled baling pickers from October 7 to 10.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The garlic has a straw compressive strength of more than 0.91 MPa in the early mature stage when mechanically harvested; and the growth period of the garlic is 202-207 days.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 4) The graded sowing, the first-level seed petal sowing density is 25000-27000 / 666.7m 2 Plant, sowing row spacing 18cm, plant spacing 12-13cm; secondary seed petal sowing density 28000-30000 / 666.7m 2 Plants, sowing row spacing 18cm, plant spacing 10-11cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5) The degradable biofilm is a PBAT 0.014mm garlic-specific biodegradable film.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step 6) The plant growth regulators are amino acids and brassinolide.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Step 6) The 80% base fertilizer is 5.48KG / 100m 2 Urea +28.12KG / 100m 2 Superphosphate +6.92KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; the organic fertilizer is 146.7KG / 100m 2 Organic fertilizer; the 20% topdressing is 1.37KG / 100m 2 Urea +1.73KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; the sprinkler irrigation is 0.46KG / 100m 2 Urea + 0.58KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate + 10L / 100m 2 water.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Step 6) The 60% basal fertilizer is 4.11KG / 100m 2 Urea +28.12KG / 100m 2 Superphosphate +5.19KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; the organic fertilizer is 146.7KG / 100m 2 Organic fertilizer; the 40% topdressing is 2.74KG / 100m 2 Urea +3.46KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate; the sprinkler irrigation is 0.46KG / 100m 2 Urea + 0.58KG / 100m 2 Potassium sulfate + 10L / 100m 2 water.

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