The invention discloses a method for simply identifying drought-enduring type varieties in a sugarcane breeding process, and particularly relates to the field of identification of sugarcane varieties.The method comprises the following identification steps: S1, firstly, selecting land parcels at the same dry slope in a natural arid region, performing drought resistance contrast planting on a plurality of different strain materials in an identification nursery performing breeding in a 'five-nursery system', with produced drought-enduring varieties as contrast, performing shallow planting and thin soil covering, and respectively recording the production shape of seeding-stage sugarcane plants of each variety under the drought condition, including rate of emergence, seedling emergence speed,dead bud rate and tillering rate; and S2, after sugarcanes enter a jointing and elongation period, major investigating and recording the drought-enduring expression of different varieties at the elongation initial stage, further performing overall evaluation and identification on field agronomy indexes, and performing comparison with check varieties so as to identify relative drought-enduring typevarieties. According to the method disclosed by the invention, through combination with field experiment data, agronomic character indexes and economic character indexes of other experiment nurseries, high-yield high-quality drought-enduring varieties can be screened out.