The invention discloses a transaction method and system based on centralized settlement and block chain deposit certification. A block chain network comprises a plurality of member nodes, a user registers a virtual resource account on a designated member node, and the designated member node comprises a business logic execution module, a database management module and a block chain function module.The business logic execution module verifies the feasibility of the transaction according to a transaction request, after passing the verification, the database management module is instructed to perform an account balance modification operation, that is, a designated resource amount is deducted from a virtual resource account corresponding to an expenditure user identity, and the designated resource amount is added to a virtual resource account corresponding to an income user identity. Besides, the business logic execution module also generates a log file for recording the account balance modification operation, the log file is sent to the block chain function module, and the block chain function module broadcasts the log file to the block chain network.