The invention discloses a channel device of a cane harvester and relates to the technical field of agricultural machines. The channel device comprises channel side plates, a leaf-peeling tail-chopping device, a speed limiting device, a reverse leaf-discharging device, a conveying device, a side plate integration gearbox, a power input bevel gearbox, a chain wheel and a chain, wherein the chain wheel and the chain are used for power transmission, a box body of the side plate integration gearbox is defined by an inner side plate and an outer side plate of the channel side plates which are arranged at one side of a channel, the leaf-peeling tail-chopping device, the speed limiting device, the reverse leaf-discharging device and the conveying device are respectively arranged in the channel formed by the two channel side plates, two ends of all rollers in the channel are respectively positioned on the channel side plates on two sides of the channel through bearing seats, the power input bevel gearbox is fixed on one of the channel side plates, a bevel gear which transmits the power of an engine to rollers of the leaf-peeling tail-chopping device is arranged inside the power input bevel gearbox, the rollers of the leaf-peeling tail-chopping device transmit the power to the speed limiting device through gears inside the side plate integration gearbox, and the speed limiting device transmits the power to the reverse leaf-discharging device and the conveying device through the chain wheel and the chain.