The invention discloses a moveable type in-situ water quality improvement system through water lifting and aeration. The system mainly comprises a floating power platform, a water lifting and aeration system, a compressed air preparation system and an air pipeline system. According to the system, the underwater installation depth can be adjusted according to a water quality improvement requirement; when bottom anaerobes exist in a water body and surface algae occur frequently in a water body simultaneously, equipment is installed on a bottom water layer; and when only surface algae occur frequently in the water body, the equipment is installed on an upper middle water layer. The system can adopt suspended and positioning operation manners, the suspended manner can be adopted when the system is mainly in moving operation; and when the system requires short-term positioning operation, the equipment and the platform are anchored at the bottom of the water body, and positioning operation is realized. The moveable type in-situ water quality improvement system through water lifting and aeration is mainly applied to in-situ water quality improvement of lake reservoirs with small water bodies, difficult power supply, larger reservoir water depth, obvious temperature stratification, algae blooming, short-time bottom anaerobes and severe endogenous pollutions of iron, manganese, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matters, sulfides, bad smell, chroma and the like.