263 results about "Displacement method" patented technology

A container (1) is intended for filling with a hot liquid (21). The container (1) has a neck finish (2) with an opening closed off by a primary seal (4) which has an expandable side wall (4a). As the liquid (21) cools, the side wall (4a) is drawn into the container (1) to remove vacuum pressure created within the container (1). A permanent cap (25) can provide a secondary seal for the container and define a secondary headspace (24b) between the primary and secondary seals (4) (25). In other embodiments the seal (4) can be replaced by a mechanically movable seal which may be locked in its downward position. Also the secondary seal can be provided with a port or aperture to provide access into the secondary headspace for a commodity. Also a commodity such as a tablet or pill may be provided within the secondary headspace

The invention relates to a method for statically calibrating a body axial system of a bearing reaction wind tunnel balance, wherein a loading device is arranged on a connecting end of a supporting rod of the wind tunnel balance, and the displacement of the loading device of the wind tunnel balance is measured through a laser displacement sensor which is arranged on a rigid support; after the wind tunnel balance is loaded, the reading of the laser displacement sensor is acquired, and the displacement of the loading device of the wind tunnel balance and the displacement of various loading points are calculated; the load exerted is subjected to translation and synthesized on an origin of a coordinate system of a body axle, and the bearing reaction generated on the wind tunnel balance by a base on the origin of the coordinate system of the body axle is solved and taken as the load of the body axial system of the wind tunnel balance; and a static calibration formula of the wind tunnel balances is solved through the least square method and the Gaussian elimination method by combination of the increment of outputted voltage signals before and after loading of all the wind tunnel balances and the loads of body axial systems. The static calibration method can simplify a static calibration device of the wind tunnel balance, not only does not need to use a complex offset-type or single-vector motion mechanism but also does not need to be limited by the performance of a reference balance, and is simple to calculate due to fixed position of the body axial system of the wind tunnel balance compared with the displacement method of a measuring and loading device.

A container (1) is intended for filling with a hot liquid (21). The container (1) has a neck finish (2) with an opening closed off by a primary seal (4) which has an expandable side wall (4a). As the liquid (21) cools, the side wall (4a) is drawn into the container (1) to remove vacuum pressure created within the container (1). A permanent cap (25) can provide a secondary seal for the container and define a secondary headspace (24b) between the primary and secondary seals (4) (25). In other embodiments the seal (4) can be replaced by a mechanically movable seal which may be locked in its downward position. Also the secondary seal can be provided with a port or aperture to provide access into the secondary headspace for a commodity. Also a commodity such as a tablet or pill may be provided within the secondary headspace.

The invention provides a testing device for competitive adsorption of supercritical CO2 and CH4 in shale and a testing method of the device. The device comprises an injection pump system, a long core holder, a back-pressure valve, a differential pressure gauge, a temperature control system, a liquid fraction collector, a gas meter and a gas chromatograph instrument. The testing method comprises an evaluation method of CH4 single component gas in a shale core and an evaluation method of CH4 gas, converted by the supercritical CO2, in the shale core. According to the device and method, the detection conditions of a laboratory test that the supercritical CO2 displaces CH4 adsorbed in the shale under the high temperature and high pressure conditions of a stratum are met through a multifunctional long core displacement method, and then the purpose of evaluating the efficiency that the supercritical CO2 displaces the adsorbed CH4 is achieved; by using the combined long core, the gas injection volume is large, the errors are decreased, and the formation condition is truly restored; the cracked long core can simulate the competitive adsorption process of the fractured supercritical CO2 and the CH4 under the true shale reservoir condition; the injected CO2 is in the supercritical state, and an experiment is performed in a step-by-step depressurizing mode, and the depletion exploitation process of a stratum can be truly simulated.

The invention provides a displacement method of a defective concrete of a column body. The displacement method comprises the following steps of: respectively arranging displacement platforms on the upper end and the lower end of a column displacement layer as supporting ends of a steel pipe jack so as to carry out a disposable underpinned displacement of the defective concrete of a reinforced concrete frame column directly. In the displacement method, only the steel pipe jack support is arranged on the displacement layer, and multilayer continuous beam support of the steel pipe jack is unnecessary, the supporting load of the steel pipe jack is directly transmitted to the displacement platforms once, and the load is returned to an upper layer of the column body and a lower layer of the column body through the displacement platforms, so that a stress condition is clear and reasonable, the setting number of steel pipe jacks is reduced greatly; furthermore, a construction working face is small, so that the construction influence range is only located on the displacement layer, a layer on the displacement layer and a layer under the displacement layer. The displacement method of the defective concrete of the column body, provided by the invention, has the characteristics of simple design and construction, low construction cost, safety, reliability and the like.

Water-resistant preformed resilient bags are applied to a porous material specimen having a coarse external surface to provide for more consistent measurement results in water displacement tests. The preformed bag is configured to collapse and substantially conform to the material specimen's external surface and to provide planar collapsed portions extending away from the specimen. The preformed bags are precision manufactured and each applied to a respective specimen in a manner in which the bag consistently displaces the same volume of water when used in water displacement tests over many specimens. The volume of the bag can be accounted for when obtaining the volume of the specimen. The method of sealing the specimen includes inserting the specimen into a preformed bag and collapsing and sealing the bag such that is conformal to the external surface of the specimen. The method can provide a preferred operating vacuum pressure corresponding to the specimen type (such as porosity or coarseness) which can automatically direct the operational parameters of the bag sealing operation. The system includes a preformed bag configured to receive a material specimen therein, a vacuum apparatus for removing the air from the bag, and a sealing means for sealing the bag. In one embodiment the vacuum apparatus includes an integrated scale for measuring various weights associated with the specimen for liquid density determinations.

The invention discloses a line shape control method for short line method segment prefabrication construction and relates to the field of control of bridge construction. The method comprises the following steps of: calculating a theoretical prefabrication line shape according to the line shape of bridge design and the construction sequence by a tangent displacement method; building the global coordinate system of the prefabrication line shape and the local coordinate systems of all prefabrication segments; converting segment control points between the local coordinate systems and the global coordinate system by a matrix calculation method; processing errors by a non-linear least square method, and correcting coordinates of segment nodes in the global coordinate system; and adjusting the line shapes of subsequent segments by a direct adjustment method or a segmentation adjustment method according to the errors. According to the method, the errors are processed by the non-linear least square method, so the method is high in calculation speed; the influence of position errors of matched segments, measurement errors of a control point coordinate, and template errors on the prefabrication line shape is comprehensively considered, the control accuracy of the line shape is improve obviously, and the popularization of a short line method segment construction method in China is accelerated.

A method for regenerating strong-base anion exchange resins utilizing a sequential chemical displacement technique with new regenerant formulation. The new first regenerant solution is composed of a mixture of ferric chloride, a water-miscible organic solvent, hydrochloric acid, and water in which tetrachloroferrate anion is formed and used to displace the target anions on the resin. The second regenerant is composed of a dilute hydrochloric acid and is used to decompose tetrachloroferrate and elute ferric ions, thereby regenerating the resin. Alternative chemical displacement methods include: (1) displacement of target anions with fluoroborate followed by nitrate or salicylate and (2) displacement of target anions with salicylate followed by dilute hydrochloric acid. The methodology offers an improved regeneration efficiency, recovery, and waste minimization over the conventional displacement technique using sodium chloride (or a brine) or alkali metal hydroxide.

The invention relates to an integral displacement method for a building, which comprises the steps of translating the building and jacking the building, wherein translating the building is to install hydraulic jacks with adequate quantity between an upper sliding beam which is used for supporting the building and a lower sliding beam which is used as a slideway, and to ensure that the building slides on the slideway along with the hydraulic jacks, and the building is kept steady by controlling hydraulic pressures of the hydraulic jacks at corresponding positions according to the level degree of the surface of the slideway during the sliding. The integral displacement method for the building overcomes the defects existing in the prior integral displacement method for the building, and has the advantages of ensuring that the building has steady movement, high movement speed and accurate movement; and the integral movement of the building by the method has low engineering cost, short period and high quality.

The invention relates to a video-based illegal parking monitoring system, which mainly solves a technical problem of lack of vehicle owner tolerance existing in the prior art. The technical problem is well solved by adopting the technical scheme that the video-based illegal parking monitoring system comprises cameras arranged in a distributed manner, a communication unit, a storage medium and a processor, and the processor is used for executing a violation vehicle detection and recognition program so as to execute the steps of reading video data of the cameras, performing mixed Gaussian background modeling to obtain a regular background image in adjacent video images, comparing an input image I(x, y) and the background image, and separating a vibration vehicle motion foreground image; judging illegal parking by adopting a continuous inter-frame displacement method; performing corrosion and expansion, filtering and smoothing and contour extraction to obtain a contour, acquiring bounding rectangle, performing length-width ratio screening to obtain an illegal parking vehicle image; extracting license plate information of the illegal parking vehicle; and calling a communication unit to notify a vehicle owner to eliminate the illegal parking behavior within an allowable time threshold. The video-based illegal parking monitoring system is used in illegal parking detection.

Method and apparatus for detecting a movement, such as two or more periodic vibrations, of a target, by sending a radar signal, e.g., near 60 GHz, at the target and processing the signal reflected by the target. One or more components of the movement can have a predominant frequency, such as a frequency of vibration, and two or more components can have different frequencies and, optionally, different magnitudes. A quadrature receiver processes the received signal to produce a base band output signal having in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs. The in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs are cross-referenced and real target movement frequency recovered directly in the time domain. System nonlinearity, which does not occur simultaneously on the I and Q channels, is identified and removed. Radar signals having wavelengths near one or more of the target movement magnitudes can be used.

The invention discloses biological metallurgy mineral leaching microorganism combined bacterium fluid for a copper ore and a method for recycling metallic copper. The method comprises the following steps that: mineral leaching microorganisms after adaptive culture, continuous amplification culture and ore pile adaptive culture are combined and used for mineral leaching, and different leaching methods are adopted aiming at the ore of different objects, which comprise a biological metallurgy processing method for lump ores, powder ores, tailings, copper smelting slags and the like; and the obtained qualified leaching solution is used to prepare two products, namely electrolytic copper by an extraction-electrodeposition method and spongy copper by a short stage displacement method. The method has the advantages of suitability for industrial production under different conditions, efficient utilization of low-grade copper ore resources and capacity of effectively protecting the ecological environment of mine areas and achieving a win-win situation of economic benefit and environmental friendliness.

The invention relates to a self-adaptation reversible watermarking method used for medical image authentication and doctor-patient information hiding and used for integrity authentication of medical images and achievement of hidden communication of doctor-patient information. According to the method, original medical images are blocked, embedding intensity is selected according to requirements of watermarking embedding capacity, and large-capacity, self-adaptation and invisible watermarking information embedding is achieved on a peak point in a block difference histogram through a displacement method. Watermarking information includes doctor-patient information and auxiliary information, and hidden communication of diagnosis information of doctors and personal information of patients is achieved. By extracting the watermarking information at a detection end, integrity authentication of the images is achieved, and the original medical images and the doctor-patient information can be restored in a lossless mode. The method is low in algorithm complexity, high in safety and high in practicality.

The invention discloses a graphene / polymer three-dimensional foam substrate, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises: growing graphene on a foam metal catalyst through a chemical vapor deposition method to form three-dimensional graphene / foam metal catalyst compound; and replacing the foam metal catalyst skeleton in the three-dimensional graphene / foam metal catalyst compound with polymer through a template displacement method to obtain a soft graphene / polymer three-dimensional foam substrate. The foam substrate is simple in preparation process, easy to apply, low in cost, and high in yield. The obtained foam substrate has excellent electric conductive and thermal conductive performance, is high in mechanical strength, and can be used as an electrode and a composite system and widely applied in fields of water treatment, biological medicines, energy storage devices, static resistance, thermal management, heat conduction and dissipation, transducers, electromagnetic shielding, wave absorption and catalysis.

The invention relates to the field of porous material characterization, and particularly discloses a porosity measuring method and a device of a porous material. The porosity measuring method comprises the steps of immersing the porous material in a nonwetting solvent in a vacuum pressure vessel, recording the volume V1 of the nonwetting solvent before immersion, performing vacuum compression cycle to allow the nonwetting solvent to be squeezed into pores of the porous material and fully fill in the open pores of the porous material, recording the total volume V2 of the nonwetting solvent and the immersed porous material, removing the porous material immersed with the nonwetting solvent, recording the volume V3 of the residual nonwetting solvent, and calculating the porosity of the porous material according to a formula: the porosity (%) =[(V1-V3) / (V2-V3)]*100. According to the method and the device, a liquid displacement method is employed to measure the porosity of the porous material, the measuring method is simple, quick and convenient, the test cost and pollution are low, and the safety performance is high.

The invention relates to a displacement method utilizing a compound containing sulfonate negative non-surface active agent, which mainly solves the problems in the prior art that the displacement efficiency of the displacement agent containing the surface active agent is poor under the high-temperature high-salt condition, the application concentration is high and alkali in a tertiary composite displacement causes the corrosion and scale accumulation harm on the stratum and an oil well. The displacement method adopts alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether benzene sulfonate, polymer and water to be mixed into displacement agent compound, under the magnesium chloride injection water condition that the displacement temperature is 30 to 83DEG C, the total mineralization degree is more than 8000mg / L, magnesium ion is more than 200mg / L and calcium ion is more than 30mg / L, dehydrated crude oil is contacted with the compound, so that the crude oil in a core can be adequately displaced, and the compound comprises the following components in parts by weight: (1) 0.01 to 5 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether benzene sulfonate; (2) 0.01 to 3 parts of polymer; and (3) 90 to 99.9 parts of injection water. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the problems can be well solved, and the displacement method can be used in the tertiary oil recovery of an oil field.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a Pt-Ni alloy nano tube array electrode and an application for an enzyme-free glucose sensor. A Ni nano wire array acts as a template, and the Pt-Ni alloy nano tube array electrode is prepared by adopting a current displacement method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out metal spraying treatment on one surface of a porous template comprising an AAO template and a PC template, fixing conductive silver glue on the surface of the electrode, and sealing the circumference of the template with insulation rubber; carrying out electric deposition in the porous template so as to prepare a Ni nano wire, and then removing the template so as to obtain the Ni nano wire array electrode; and preparing the Pt-Ni alloy nano tube array electrode by adopting a current displacement method, wherein a precursor solution is chloroplatinic acid or potassium chloroplatinate. The Pt-Ni alloy nano tube array electrode can be applied to an enzyme-free glucose sensor. The linear response range of the enzyme-free glucose sensor to glucose is 1-9Mm, and the detection sensitivity is 57.87micron AmM-1.

The invention discloses a micro-terrain reconstruction method based on laser radar. The method comprises the following steps that (1) mass and discrete laser radar point cloud data are acquired through laser scanning and then point cloud data splicing between different station points is performed, and ground points and non-ground points are separated; (2) point cloud data thinning and boundary point detection of point cloud hole areas or areas of extremely low point cloud density are performed; (3) the fractal feature of a micro-terrain is calculated, and a scale-free area is determined; (4) interpolation is performed in the point cloud hole areas and the areas of extremely low point cloud density by a random midpoint displacement method with normal line control; and (5) micro-terrain reconstruction is performed on the ground points by utilizing a greedy projection triangulation method.

The invention discloses an experimental device suitable for structural mechanics displacement method teaching presentation and a structural mechanics displacement method presentation method utilizing the device. The device comprises a base 1, a force application valve 2, a rod piece structure 3, a base support 4, an angular point support 5, a directional support 6, a fixed pulley support 7, a dial indicator A10 and a dial indicator B11. The force application valve is mounted on the side face of the base 1, and the rod piece structure 3, the base support 4, the angular point support 5, the directional support 6, the fixed pulley support 7, the dial indicator A10 and the dial indicator B11 are in detachable fit with the base 1 for use. The device is easy to operate, is easily understood in principle, and easy to dismount when the device is combined with a traditional mechanics experimental device.

A polysilicon nanowire solar cell and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the solar cell technology field, are disclosed. The polysilicon nanowire solar cell comprises: a composite layer gate electrode, a transparent ITO conduction film layer, a silicon nitride passivation antireflection layer, n type silicon nanowire arrays, a p type silicon substrate and a metal back electrode, which are successively arranged from top to bottom and wherein the transparent ITO conduction film layer, the silicon nitride passivation antireflection layer and the n type silicon nanowire arrays are square wave structures. In the invention, large area polysilicon nanowires can be prepared at normal temperature and pressure under the following conditions: adopting a galvanic displacement method; regarding polysilicon nanowire arrays as an absorption layer of the solar cell; depositing the silicon nitride passivation antireflection layer and the ITO film. Photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be raised by using the prepared polysilicon nanowire solar cell.

The invention discloses a human body displacement auxiliary device which comprises a supporting pad used for bearing a human body, a lifting transfer platform used for transporting the supporting pad and a guide rail component used for supporting the supporting pad to be moved to the transfer platform and moved out of the transfer platform. The supporting pad comprises an idler wheel component matched with the guide rail component and a first lifting mechanism used for lifting up and down the supporting pad to enable the idler wheel component to be connected with guide rail component in a sliding mode. The invention further discloses a human body displacement method which comprises the steps of moving the supporting pad bearing the human body from the initial position to the transfer platform through the guide rail component and then moving the supporting pad from the transfer platform to a target position. According to the human body displacement auxiliary device and the human body displacement method, the overall displacement can be easily achieved with one adult with common strength, the disabled or the people who have mobility problems can not be much limited any longer when taking small private cars or large-scale private cars, and the human body displacement auxiliary device is simple in structure, capable of being carried along with cars, and capable of being used when people get in or get out of cars.

The invention relates to the technical field of gas separation by pressure swing adsorption, and provides a method for deoxygenating and concentrating coalbed methane based on nitrogen replacement, comprising steps: 1. Adsorption; the oxygen in the coalbed methane is removed in an adsorption tower by an adsorption method to obtain rich The collected product gas; 2. Nitrogen replacement; after adsorption, the methane in the adsorption tower is replaced by nitrogen replacement; 3. Pressure reduction and desorption; the oxygen concentration in the enriched product gas is below 0.5%; The concentration of methane in the stripped gas after replacement is below 5%. The invention also provides a device for deoxidizing and concentrating coal bed gas by using the method. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the concentration of coalbed methane by pressure swing adsorption method is good, the investment and operation cost is low, and the operation is flexible and convenient; nitrogen replacement is used in the separation process to replace part of the methane in the adsorption tower out of the adsorption tower to improve the recovery rate of methane ; At the same time, the concentration of methane in the desorption gas is lower than 5%, ensuring the safety of the desorption process.

The invention discloses a micro-longhole measuring method based on a fiber grating, relating to the field of size measurement into a micro inner cavity. The method mainly reflects the contact condition between a wall-touch spherule and the inner wall of a millipore to be measured through the drift value of the central wavelength of a fiber grating reflectance spectrum and realizes the three-dimensional aperture measurement of the millipore to be measured by the aid of a control circuit and a three-coordinate measuring engine. The micro-longhole measuring method based on the fiber grating, which is provided by the invention, has the advantages of low loss, good spectrum characteristics, high accuracy and good repetitiveness without null drift, expands the measurement range, converts contact conditions in space into the change of an optical spectrum, overcomes the limitation caused by diffraction loss in measuring the millipore to be measured by using a traditional CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) spot displacement method, avoids the influence of the conditions, such as the power fluctuation of a light source, the microbending effect of fiber, the coupling loss, and the like, avoids causing loss to the micro hole and prolongs the service life of an optical probe.

The invention provides a composite oil injector oil injection law measuring device and a measuring method. The measuring device mainly comprises an oil injector adapter, a volume fixing chamber, a volume fixing chamber oil drainage solenoid valve, a piston chamber, a piston, a piston chamber oil drainage solenoid valve, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor and the like. The measuring device is further provided with an electronic control system, and the electronic control system comprises a controller, a data collecting card and a computer. According to the measuring method, an oil injection law curve is obtained through a volume method, accurate circulating oil injection mass is obtained through a displacement method, and therefore an oil injection law is corrected, and the oil injection law of an oil injector is obtained more accurately. Oil injection law testing can be carried out, the advantages of the volume method and the displacement method are combined, the oil injection law can be measured more accurately, and the composite oil injector oil injection law measuring device and the measuring method can be applied to the research and development work of engines.

The invention provides a new pulping process of chemical mechanical pulp (CEMP) employing oil palm EFB high concentration extrusion displacement method and the invention relates to a pulping process of CEMP, in particular to a pulping process of alkaline hydrogen peroxide mechanical pulp (CEMP) employing oil palm EFB high concentration extrusion displacement method. The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the process flow of the pulping process comprises the following procedures: water washing palm fibre, vapor-steaming, pretreating with hot water or hot alkali, sending to a double-screw extrusion kneader 1, sending to a reaction cabin 1, sending to a double-screw extrusion refiner 2, sending to a reaction pipe 2, high concentration grinding in first section, medium concentration grinding in second section, sending to a latency chest, screening and cleaning, sending to a thickener and a slurry-forming pool and the like; a double-screw extrusion kneader is used to completethe pulping process and the pulping and bleaching liquid medicines are separately poured in the double-screw extrusion kneader 1 and the double-screw extrusion refiner 2. By using the pulping processof the invention, the device investment can be reduced by about 40% compared with the prior art and the pulping process can save about 20% of energy, thus reducing the production cost. High concentration treatment is used to treat fiber materials so as to reduce the dosage of water for pulping and the wastewater treatment load and benefit the environment protection.

The invention provides a construction method for noble metal hollow tube array-based ordered membrane electrode assemblies. A noble metal nano-array is obtained by using a zinc oxide nano-array to form an ordered structure. The method comprises fabrication of a zinc oxide seed crystal layer, growth of the zinc oxide nano-array, preparation of a thin-layer metal displacer, preparation of a noble metal catalyst, fabrication of the membrane electrode assemblies and removal of zinc oxide. Through a noble metal displacement method, a simple and controllable method for fabricating the low-noble metal load ordered membrane electrode assemblies is achieved; compared with a conventional method, the method provided by the invention is improved in that the catalytic activity and the utilization rate of noble metal are significantly improved under the premise of ensuring relatively good battery performance; the amount of the noble metal is effectively reduced; a new thought is provided for design of the low-noble metal load ordered membrane electrode assemblies; and the method is simple in step and has a wide application prospect in the field of a fuel cell.

The invention relates to the screw rod axial pulsation displacing method and the equipment of a linear polymer injector. It is characterized in that it adopts hydraulic exciting force as the driving power to realize the axial pulsation of the injecting screw rod. Through the exciting oil tank fixed on the hydraulic motor base superpose the pulsation oil pressure produced by exciting oil tank, the injecting pressured produced by the injecting oil tank and the rotary power produced by the hydraulic motor. The axial pulsation displacing of the injecting screw rod can make the melting, the plasitification and the injection processes happen in the periodic vibration state. The invention has the strong points of large exciting output power, simple operation and wide adaptability.

The invention relates to a method for recycling copper from electroplating sludge and electroplating wastewater, and relates to the technical field of chemical engineering and metallurgy. The method adopts process technologies such as leaching, homogenization, tubular electrolysis and fluidized electrodeposition to obtain a high-value electrolytic copper plate and electrodeposited copper powder respectively; the comprehensive recovery rate of copper is more than 98% which is obviously superior to that of traditional recovery methods such as displacement method and chemical precipitation method, and coupon electrodeposition method; and the method is widely suitable for different kinds of copper-containing electroplating sludge and copper-containing electroplating wastewater. The obtained electrolytic copper plate meets the demands of GB / T467-1997 on the standard cathode copper with a brand of Cu-CATH-2 and the copper content of the obtained electrodeposited copper powder is more than 80%.

The invention discloses a device for fast non -contact measurement of junction temperature of white LED by use of a peak wavelength displacement method. The device includes a measurement system and a calibration system. The measurement system includes a white LED light source (1) to be measured, a spectrometer (2) used for specifically measuring blue wavelength displacement and a computer (3). The spectrometer is composed of a spherical mirror (10), an entrance slit (11), a plane grating (12), an exit slit (13), a CCD (14) and a drive circuit (15). The measurement system is characterized in that a measuring wavelength range is from 440nm to 480nm and the accuracy is better than 0.02nm. The calibration system comprises a temperature controller (4), a thermostat (5), a calibration LED (6), an LED lamp holder (7), a pulsed current source (8), a spectrometer (2) and a computer (3). Through calibration of a peak wavelength-junction temperature coefficient K of the high-power white LED, displacement amount of the peak wavelength when the LED actually works is measured, and the junction temperature under working conditions of the white LED light source to be measured is thus obtained with an accuracy of the junction temperature up to 0.1 DEG C.

The invention discloses a digital watermark method for embedding and extracting watermarks by adopting a difference expansion technology aiming at shape point map layer data. The watermark embedding method comprises the following processes of: analyzing all points in shape carrier data to determine a projection axis; sequencing all the points according to the projection axis to form a continuous point sequence with unique value; sequentially pairing every two data of the point sequence, judging whether the watermarks are suitable to be embedded into the points of the group by adopting the difference expansion technology by using the corresponding data precision requirements of geographic information system (GIS) vector data as judgment conditions, if so, modifying the coordinate difference of the related points to embed watermark information, otherwise, embedding the watermark information by using a least significant bit (LSB) displacement method; and simultaneously recording the embedded information in the process. According to the method, the difference expansion technology can be applied in reversible watermark embedment and extraction of the GIS point map layer data and applied in interpolation identification of the GIS vector point map layer data, copyright protection, GIS vector point map layer data-based concealed communication and the like.