The invention relates to an adaptive deceleration method of data transmission, which belongs to a data processing method of data transmission and solves the problems that wrong data which are previously transmitted cannot be utilized and additional operation is needed in the existing data transmission. The adaptive deceleration method comprises the following steps of subpackage, encoding and data transmission, wherein the data transmission comprises the following steps that a plurality of data packages are decoded and verified one by one by a receiving terminal; if the data packages are verified to be correct, a new data package is transmitted by a sending terminal; otherwise, data are retransmitted by the sending terminal, and joint decoding of a previous frame is performed by the receiving terminal; and the steps are continuously repeated until the data packages are decoded to be correct. According to the adaptive deceleration method, transmission data are divided into a plurality of data packages, so that errors are localized, and the retransmission efficiency is increased; by utilizing the encoding technique, a plurality of blocks of encoding data are generated from the same section of data, thereby realizing joint encoding on the receiving terminal, and the utilization ratio of the wrong data is increased; and additionally, the adaptive change of the wave velocity is realized in accordance with the channel quality, thereby removing redundant information and additional operation from transmission, and the transmission efficiency is further increased.