The invention discloses a brush type medicinal material peeling machine with needle teeth, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The brush type medicinal material peeling machine mainly comprises a framework, a dust cover, motors, belt transmissions, couplings, transmission shafts and peeling mechanisms, and is characterized in that the motors are mounted on the left lower portion of the framework, the dust cover is mounted on the outer periphery of the framework, the lower ends of the belt transmissions are connected with the motors, the upper ends of the belt transmissions are connected with the transmission shafts, each coupling is arranged between the two corresponding transmission shafts, and the peeling mechanisms are mounted in the front of the framework. The brush type medicinal material peeling machine has the advantages that medicinal materials are mainly clamped by semicircular grooves formed in the contour sides of the tops of the needle teeth and semicircular grooves in ejecting plates, the skins of the medicinal materials can be peeled off under the high-speed rotation actions of the needle teeth, and accordingly a medicinal material skin peeling rate can be guaranteed; the motors and the belt transmissions are arranged in a front-back symmetry manner relative to the framework, the peeling mechanisms are arranged in a front-back symmetry manner relative to the framework, accordingly, the brush type medicinal material peeling machine can be operated by multiple persons simultaneously, the production efficiency can be improved, and the processing time of the medicinal materials with a unit weight can be shortened; the quality of air in a working environment can be improved owing to the semi-closed dust cover, and accordingly hazards to the health of human bodies can be reduced; the brush type medicinal material peeling machine is reasonable in structure configuration, high in work efficiency and medicinal material skin peeling rate and applicable to peeling and processing various traditional Chinese medicinal materials.