Method for promoting germination of low-position buds and growth of new root systems of ratoon sugarcane

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting germination of low-position buds and growth of new root systems of ratoon sugarcane. The method includes: shoveling rhizome on the basis of ratoon sugarcane rhizome in-depth investigation, using a sugarcane rhizome shoveling machine to shovel rhizome of a ratoon sugarcane plantation after mechanical harvesting of sugarcane is completed, and maintaining underground sugarcane rhizome by 5-7cm after rhizome shoveling; for a ratoon sugarcane plantation where sugarcane is harvested manually, adopting a hoe to cut-harvest the sugarcane, and maintainingunderground sugarcane rhizome by 10-12cm after cut-harvesting to realize one-step completion of sugarcane cut-harvesting and rhizome shoveling; applying fertilizer and pesticide, earthing up, controlling ratoon sugarcane rhizome low-position buds to be distributed within a range of 10-15cm after earthing up, and performing whole film mulching. The method is advanced, practical, easy in operation and popularization and capable of effectively increasing ratoon sugarcane plant forming rate and yield and prolonging ratoon term.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to a method for promoting the germination of low-position buds of perennial sugarcane and the growth of new roots. [0002] technical background [0003] Sugarcane is a typical perennial root crop. Perennial sugarcane plays an important role in sugarcane production. The area of ​​perennial sugarcane in major sugarcane-growing countries in the world accounts for more than 50% of the cane planting area. The perennial root is mostly 1-2 years old, such as Australia; there are also 8-10 years old, such as Brazil, Sri Lanka; even more than 10 years, such as Fiji. The perennial root sugarcane area in China accounts for about 50% to 60% of the cane planting area, and the perennial root life span is mostly 2 to 3 years, and there is still a lot of room for improvement. Perennial sugarcane not only has the advantages of saving labor, saving seeds, and low cost, but also has the a...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

At present, there are mainly 5 existing technologies for increasing the yield of sugarcane perennial roots and prolonging the life of sugarcane perennial roots: one is a method for extending sugarcane perennial roots (ZL 201410338389.0), which includes replanting surveys, opening replanting cane planting ditch, applying Base fertilizer, treatment of seed stems, planting of replanted seed stems, prevention and control of underground pests, covering soil and covering seeds and weeding; although this method achieves the purpose of prolonging the life of perennial sugarcane by replanting sugarcane, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming to manage. In the situation of severe shortage of agricultural power, this method is not easy to promote

The second is a management method of perennial sugarcane (CN 201610834121.5). The steps of shoveling, fertilization, solution spraying and film covering are completed in sequence by using a shoveling machine. Although this management method improves the efficiency of perennial sugarcane management, it covers half The thermal insulation and moisture conservation effect of the film is poor, and the potential of the perennial sugarcane cane cane cannot be fully tapped, and the thickness of the film is not enough, which is not conducive to the recycling of the film.

The third is a method for increasing the lifespan of sugarcane perennial roots, including the selection of detoxified seedlings for new planting of sugarcane, preparing the land for cultivation, applying sufficient base fertilizer and pesticides, planting and watering and covering with film, topdressing fertilizers to prevent insects and other intertillage management, removing dead and old sugarcane leaves and Topdressing strong tail manure to cultivate soil, fast hoeing and low cutting of rattan cane, shoveling and loosening, fertilization and pesticide application, intertillage management such as film removal, irrigation, fertilization, fertilization and pest control, removal of old sugarcane leaves, topdressing strong tail manure and soil cultivation; The method focuses on replanting management. The perennial sugarcane is crushed with dead old sugarcane leaves (diameter less than 1cm), and then covered with the whole film. However, because the crushed sugarcane leaves are too short, repeated crushing is required, which increases the number of mechanized rolling of the soil. , the bulk density of the soil increases, which inhibits the germination of low-position buds and the growth of new roots

The fourth is a sugarcane deep shoveling cultivation method (CN 201610918858.5), which includes cultivating new planting cane by digging deep trenches for new planting, planting detoxified seedlings, applying organic and chemical fertilizers, covering soil, watering and covering, removing film, fertilizing and cultivating soil, etc. Management, harvesting, intertillage management and other steps such as deep investigation of cane piles, shoveling and sunning, fertilization and film covering, film fertilization and soil cultivation for ratoon cane; although this cultivation method uses mechanical or manpower to carry out deep shoveling, it requires shoveling into the soil The depth is 2-10cm, ensuring that there are 3-5 live buds on the remaining sugarcane piles, but no effective method has been found to precisely control the germination of low-position buds and the growth of new root systems in perennial sugarcane, and other cultivation and management measures supporting this method, It belongs to intensive cultivation, which requires a lot of manpower and material input, and the production cost is relatively high

Although plant growth regulators have good effects, they are difficult to popularize and apply in production due to high production costs

[0006] The main reasons that affect the continuous high yield of perennial sugarcane are as follows: First, because sugarcane is mainly harvested by hand, when cutting with a cane knife, it is often easy to leave a few centimeters of cane piles on the ground, which indirectly reduces the amount of sugar. The yield of sugarcane and the reduction of sucrose content; Improper harvesting (keeping high cane piles) leads to a decrease in the vigor of cane stalks, a large reduction in the germination of low-position buds of perennial root sugarcane, and a decrease in germination rate; improper harvesting (leaving high cane piles) leads to the growth of cane heads The position moves up year by year, the root distribution becomes shallower year by year, and it is easy to lodging, which affects the normal growth and development of sugarcane perennial roots

Second, due to the mechanized operation mode that is often introduced into the production of perennial sugarcane, the use of heavy machinery is likely to aggravate the soil compaction of sugarcane gardens; in sugarcane gardens that adopt mechanized harvesting, the rate of perennial cane broken heads is higher than that of manual harvesting, and mechanized damage is likely to cause sugarcane head infection and damage Vitality of sugarcane

The third is to realize the high yield of perennial sugarcane and the extension of the life of perennial root through the existing technology of shoveling technology, which has not solved the problem of how to maintain the continuous high yield of perennial sugarcane, and has failed to achieve the expected effect of sugarcane farmers. Due to the complicated operation of some existing technologies, sugarcane farmers are unwilling accept

Fourth, each sugarcane area pays attention to the cultivation of newly planted sugarcane, and the management of perennial sugarcane is relatively extensive, and the management level of each region is quite different, especially in terms of sugarcane harvesting and perennial root management, resulting in low perennial sugarcane yield, poor perennial root, and perennial root sugarcane. short lifespan of sugarcane

None of the above 5 methods can achieve significant progress in promoting the germination of low-position buds and new root growth of ratoon sugarcane, and realize the beneficial effect of cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing ratoon sugarcane by increasing the yield of ratoon sugarcane and prolonging the life of ratoon sugarcane

Due to the lack of fast-acting, advanced and practical, easy-to-operate, and easy-to-promote methods for promoting the germination of low-position buds and the growth of new root systems in ratoon sugarcane, the quality of cane bushes under traditional perennial sugarcane management is not high, and the germination of low-position buds and the growth of new roots are inhibited, resulting in The low yield of perennial sugarcane and the short lifespan of perennial roots have increased the cost of sugarcane production and have become a key issue restricting the high-quality development of the sugarcane industry

[0007] In summary, irregular harvesting methods and low levels of ratoon sugarcane management are the main reasons for the reduction in ratoon sugarcane production and the short lifespan of ratoon sugarcane

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