The invention provides a laser radar system and a target object recognition method. The laser radar system comprises multiple laser light sources, a light sharing device, a light splitting device, a scanning device, a light branching device, a converging lens and multiple photoelectric detection modules, wherein the multiple laser light sources output laser beams with different wavelengths, and encoding is realized according to difference of optical parameters and/or transmission characteristics. Meanwhile, the multiple photoelectric detection modules receive echo beams with different wavelengths respectively, so that whether a target object is valid or not can be determined according to optical parameters and/or transmission characteristics of the echo beams with different wavelengths. Therefore, the laser beams emitted by the multiple laser light sources are encoded and detected respectively by the laser radar system provided by the embodiment of the invention, anti-jamming capability of the laser radar system is improved, and furthermore, compared with a method for encoding different sequences produced by the same laser light source, the method has the advantages of reducing design difficulty and facilitating implementation and popularization in engineering.