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The application discloses a method for preparing a graphite / aluminum layered composite material by means of pulse current, and relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a method for preparing a graphite / aluminum layered composite material by means of pulse current.The method comprises the following steps: pretreating an aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy piece; pretreating graphite to obtain a graphite piece; stacking the aluminum alloy piece, the graphite piece and the aluminum alloy piece in sequence to form a connecting assembly; placing the connecting assembly in the middle of electrodes of a pulse current diffusion connecting device; connecting the connecting assembly by applying pressure and pulse current under a protective atmosphere; and heating and cooling to room temperature to obtain a composite substrate.The method directly heats the connecting assembly by means of pulse current, can efficiently utilize energy, and maximally reduces energy loss; and by means of the field-induced effects of joule heat, electromigration and electric plasticity of the pulse current, element diffusion can be accelerated, and the process time required for bonding can be reduced, so that time cost is reduced.The application further discloses a composite substrate, which comprises two aluminum alloy pieces and one graphite piece.