51results about How to "Reduce ineffective evaporation" patented technology

The invention discloses an intercropping furrow irrigation method which comprises the following steps: ridging and making channels in farmland and arranging at least two channels and three furrows, wherein each furrow is trapezoid, the bottom width of each channels is 60cm, the bottom width of each furrow is 60cm-105cm, the height of each furrow is 15cm-25cm, the included angle of each furrow side and each channel bottom is 30 degrees to 45 degrees; arranging the line spacing as 13cm-20cm if wheat is grown on the furrows, and arranging the line spacing as 20cm-30cm if soybean is grown on the furrow; growing two lines of corn in the channels, wherein the line spacing is 40cm-50cm, and the row spacing is 25cm-45cm; and irrigating farmland irrigation water in the channels when the crops are in the critical growth period. Compared with ground irrigation, by means of the intercropping furrow irrigation method, water can be saved by 30%-50%, yield can be increased by 10%-40%, the water use efficiency is obviously improved, and not only the economic benefits are significantly obtained, but also the resources can be saved. Therefore, the intercropping furrow irrigation method plays a significant role in stable and sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem.

This invention relates to a device in hydraulic engineering groundwater extraction, especially a spontaneity underground reservoir of water corridor. There is vertical well in sand stone. Collecting tunnel and diversion tunnel located in the groundwater below the water makes the vertical wells connect from one another. The direction of diversion tunnel is the same to the terrain slope. The diversion tunnel makes the water of vertical well out of the ground. This invention can replace small river valley emerges surface reservoir functions, storing basin of water, so that the groundwater basin rational allocate its resources, its quantity, water wide range of low-cost water, reducing water evaporation. This invention can directly get water in deep coverage river bed, and is appropriate to get water in mountain underground water reservoir.

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of a humic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of a compound fertilizer, 20-40 parts of a mineral fertilizer, 10-15 parts of an acid fertilizer and 2-5 parts of a water-retaining agent. The saline soil improvement fertilizer is rich in humic acid and trace element, nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively balance, the soil fertility and the soil structure can be improved, the speed of capillary water movement and ineffective evaporation of moisture can be reduced, and a remarkable salt returning suppression effect can be achieved. Meanwhile, the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is relatively good in exchange capability, harmful ions such as Na<+>, SO4<2-> and Cl<-> can be adsorbed, the pH value and the alkalisation degree of soil can be reduced, and the soil exchange capability can be improved.

The invention discloses a deep-layer infiltration method for apple orchards at dry highland areas through rainwater collected by tree disks. The deep-layer infiltration method comprises the following steps of selecting orchards; making deep-layer infiltration buckets for the collected by rainwater; trimming tree disks; burying the rainwater collection deep-layer infiltration buckets; and covering black mulching films. The deep-layer infiltration method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that in the deep-layer infiltration method for the apple orchards at the dry highland areas through the rainwater collected by the tree disks, the black mulching films are covered, so that the water content of soil is effectively increased, the spring temperature and the summer temperature of the soil are effectively increased, and the microenvironment of the soil is effectively improved; the infiltration buckets of 40cm are buried, so that the water content of the soil below root layers is increased, the physical properties of the soil are changed, the growing environment of root systems is improved, water consumed for the growth of fruit trees in winter and spring drought seasons are compensated, drought stress on apple trees is small, the yield of a single plant is increased, the quality of 100 leaves of the apple trees is increased, the ratio of new shoots to short shoots is increased, the shape index of the fruit trees is increased, and the appearance of on-year and off-year of the apple trees is effectively prevented; and besides, water in rainy seasons can be effectively accumulated into deep layers, the trans-seasonal utilization of precipitation is realized, and the collected rainwater can also be used as a water soluble fertilizer for irrigation use.

The invention discloses a method for mulching plastic films for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils, which comprises the following steps: A, ridging on sowing belts, ditching and fertilizing on the bottoms of the ridges, and ditching to seed 3 to 6cm staggered with fertilization furrows, then carrying out earth backing and compacting on the sowing furrows; and B, ditching film mulching furrows at the two sides of the sowing furrows, and mulching plastic films on the top of the ridge between two sowing furrows. The Plastic film mulching machine for realizing the method of the invention comprises sowing/fertilization assemblies and a mulching film assembly, wherein the mulching film assembly is arranged between two sowing/fertilization assemblies and used for mulching plastic films on the top of a ridge between two sowing furrows. Because the mulching films on the ridges can reduce soil evaporation and have the function of rainwater collection, invalid soil evaporation can be restrained effectively, and the transfer of salts to plough layers can be restrained effectively in the areas that the soils are high in salt content, thereby achieving the purposes of gathering part of salts in the top of ridge and reducing the salt content of cotton roots.

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for alfalfa in a semi-arid region. Spring seed sowing and dressing, precision strip cropping, quantitative fertilization and total membrane coverage are integrated. The method comprises the specific steps that during seed sowing in spring, alfalfa seeds are soaked in a rhizobium solution for 15-30 min, then, ditching is performed immediately for seed sowing, and calcium superphosphate is used for a base fertilizer to be applied at a time; then, four rows of alfalfa seeds are sown in each strip, total ground coverage is performed through a plastic film with the width being 120 cm and the thickness being 0.08 mm, the sowing line spacing is 15 cm, the sowing depth is 1.5 cm, and the seeding rate is 25 kg/hm<2>; then, soil is used on the edge of a ground membrane for fixed pressing so as to prevent the membrane from being damaged by wind, holes are punched every other about 50 cm on the ground membrane when seedlings grow 2 cm above the ground so as to prevent the seedlings from being burnt; the covered ground membrane is removed when stubble plants grow to be 10 cm high. According to the method, water evaporation caused by wind erosion can be obviously lowered, low temperature is increased, and the emergence rate of alfalfa seedlings inside the first year and the late biological yield are increased.

A mining area water resource comprehensive utilization method based on mine water underground storage comprises the following steps of: step 1, determining the hydrogeological parameters of the roof of an underground reservoir; based on the regional geological hydrogeological data, the formation structure of a coal seam roof and the distribution of a water-blocking layer are determined through ground hydrogeological drilling and underground drainage drilling; step 2, determining the water storage system of the underground reservoir; step 3: comprehensively usingthe water resources in the mining area; through the water storage system of the underground reservoir in step 2, external water resources, the underground drainage and the roof water resource are incorporated into the comprehensiveutilization of the water resources, and the water resource utilization is carried out by using aseparate water supply principle; therefore, the method reduces the ineffective discharge of mine water resources and avoids the waste of the water resources; the external purchase of domestic water is reduced, and the related expenses of an enterprises are saved. Finally, the sustainable utilization ofthe mine water resources in the arid ecologically vulnerable area of North China is realized, and the valuable groundwater resources in the area are protected to a maximum extent.

The invention discloses a high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method, which relates to an all-film double-ridge furrow drilling technique applied to dry farming areas at the altitude of 2000m to 2500m and belongs to the technical field of horsebean cultivation. The high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method which is a horsebean cultivation technique is characterized in that from mid-to-late October to the days before soil freezes up or in the early spring of the next year, an all-film double-ridge furrow drill is adopted to cover the whole ground with films, and after germination is accelerated, horsebean seeds are sowed into the soil under the temperature of 2 DEG C to 8 DEG C; and in the mid-to-late April of the next year, according to the planting depth of 5cm to 6cm and the plant spacing of 18cm to 23cm, seedlings are planted in the middle lower parts of the sunny sides of small and large ridges. The high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method has the advantages that the large and small ridges are completely covered by the mulching films, so that moisture supply is guaranteed in the growth period of horsebeans; the ground temperature is increased, the effective accumulated temperature is increased, the growth period of horsebeans is prolonged, the potential of horsebean production can be exerted, and the maturity of horsebeans is guaranteed; and moreover, the economic benefit is remarkable.

A water-saving irrigation method and its system for the wheat on the ridged land features that the water-supplying branch pipes with uniformly arranged jointer are arranged in furrow direction and connected to water source pipe, and a movable irrigation vehicle is arranged in furrow direction, which has the irrigation pipe with the irrigation holes connected to the jointers of said branch pipes.

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and discloses microbial fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The microbial fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 85-90% of a microbial fermentation liquor, 6-7% of corn straw, 4-5% of urea, and 1-2% of calcium phosphate. The microbial fermentation liquor is prepared by fermentation of salt-tolerant growth-promoting bacteria staphylococcus wp-3. The microbial fertilizer provided by the invention is remarkable in soil improvement effect and capable of promoting crop growth. According to the application of the microbial fertilizer in wheat growth, the microbial fertilizer has a promoting effect on wheat growth, and the fresh weight of seedlings, the fresh weight of roots, the plant height and the root length are remarkably increased compared with those of a contrast, the pH of the soil is remarkably reduced by 3.6 percent, and the contents of quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matters and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are remarkably increased by 240.05 percent, 545.47 percent, 75.80 percent and 44.35 percent respectively.

The invention discloses a buried drip irrigation system of medicago sativa. The buried drip irrigation system of medicago sativa comprises a reservoir, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a head pivot and a water supply pipeline. The invention further discloses a buried drip irrigation planting method of medicago sativa. With the technical scheme, the system and the method have the advantages that the problem that arid regions are severe in ground surface evaporation and large in pasture water consumption is solved; the problems of low utilization rate of irrigation water and water shortage are solved; the problem that ground irrigation facilities are damaged during herbage harvesting is solved.

The invention relates to a field rainwater collecting and metering device and belongs to the technical field of meteorological data measurement. The device comprises a water containing funnel, a raincollector, a supporting steel frame and a sample containing bottle; the water containing funnel is communicated with the rain collector through a flange plate I, a hinge and a flange plate II; the supporting steel frame is fixed to the surface of a field soil layer through a soft foot stand and a steel frame ring, wherein the soft foot stand is located at the lower portion of the supporting steelframe; and the water containing funnel and the rainwater collector which are communicated with each other are placed in the supporting steel frame; and the sample containing bottle is connected with the low portion of the supporting steel frame so as to collect rainwater. The field rainwater collecting and metering device is arranged at a field test point and is opened and closed as required, andtherefore, pollution and blockage are avoided, and the service life of the device is prolonged; and meanwhile, the device is simple and convenient to mount and dismount, simple to operate, enables directness and quickness in reading, has good controllability, is capable of realizing field rainfall collection and measurement with higher precision requirements, and is easy to popularize and use.

The invention discloses a device for efficiently utilizing natural rainfall of forest and fruit land and inhibiting and removing weeds. The device structurally comprises a plurality of rain collecting and weed inhibiting units which are sequentially laid. Each rain collecting and weed inhibiting unit comprises a rain collecting and weed inhibiting cover plate with the middle high and the two sides low, and protective cover plates arranged on the two sides of the rain collecting and weed inhibiting cover plate. The rain collecting and weed inhibiting cover plates and the protective cover plates are all solid thick plates impermeable to light and water. The using method of the device includes the steps that A, a water seepage and retention trench is excavated along the bottom of a tree trunk of a forest/fruit tree; B, soil excavated in the step A is piled into supporting soil mounds which are tamped; C, the rain collecting and weeding inhibiting units are laid on the supporting soil mounds which are obtained in the step B in a matched mode, and then the device is obtained. The device can collect rainwater and efficiently utilize the rainwater, ineffective evaporation of soil is reduced, a good weed inhibiting and removing effect is achieved, and meanwhile the device has high compatibility with mechanization and automatic watering, fertilization and insecticide application of modern agriculture.

The invention discloses a mountain rainwater collection underground microporous ceramic irrigation system. Rainwater is collected through the mountain rain collecting surface and flows into a water cellar through a water diversion canal for storage; during irrigation, the water flows through the pipeline to a microporous ceramic irrigation emitter for irrigation. The system is mainly divided intoa rain collection system and an irrigation system. Based on the advantages of the microporous ceramic irrigation emitter, the system is combined with the characteristics of the mountain agriculture and designed to achieve near-pressureless irrigation, energy saving and adaptive irrigation. Compared with the previous irrigation system, the system can achieve full utilization of the rainwater, and has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and low in energy consumption, and facilitating tractor plowing.

The invention discloses a tool and method for efficient utilization of water and fertilizer for fruit trees. A hole is dug downwards in the vertical direction or approximately vertical direction on the lower side of a plant root on a slope, the tool for efficient utilization of water and fertilizer for fruit trees is installed in the hole and comprises an outer frame comprising coarse pores and an inner frame comprising fine holes, the annular space between the outer frame and the inner frame is filled with water seepage materials to form a water seepage layer, fertilizer is added to the inner frame to form a fertilizer layer, and a water retaining ridge is arranged on the lower side of the hole. By means of the water seepage layer, water flowing by can be absorbed and stored quickly, the water seepage area in the stratum can be enlarged, and the purposes of improving water storage capacity and improving water permeability are realized. Slow and continual fertilizer application is conducted by means of micro-permeation of the fertilizer layer, so that fertilizer storage and automatic fertilizer supplement are achieved. By the adoption of the tool and method, high water storage capacity, quick water seepage and automatic and continual fertilizer application can be achieved for good, labor amount is reduced, and effect is quite good.

The invention discloses a method for relieving fruit cracking of citrus, and belongs to the technical field of citrus planting. The method comprises the steps that a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure and calcium superphosphate is applied to soil, and the soil is irrigated with water containing a bactericide and ploughed; calcium nitrate and boric acid or borax are topdressed on leaf surfaces, spraying is started for the first time 7-10 days before citrus blooming, spraying is performed once every 7-10 days after the full-bloom stage, spraying is continuously performed twice, and spraying is performed totally three times before and after blooming; a calcium-containing foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the young fruit stage of the citrus; and a buffer matrix is applied to orchard soil in the fruit setting period, and tree bases are covered with weeds or straw in the fruit expanding period. By adopting the method, the fruit cracking rate of the citrus is decreased, and the yield of the citrus is greatly increased.

The invention discloses an energy-saving consumption-reducing efficient water infiltrating irrigation method. The method includes the steps of burying an infiltrating irrigation belt 35-40 cm deep in a farmland, deeply applying fertilizer or particle organic fertilizer in a farmland plough layer, sowing seeds in 15-20 cm deep, and completing the infiltrating irrigation belt, deep seed sowing and deep fertilizer applying work at a time in the farmland through an agricultural machine. The method has the advantages that useless evaporation of surface water is effectively reduced through buried type infiltrating irrigation; infiltrating irrigation is large, flow is large, water irrigation is rated, water consumption time is short, and energy consumption is reduced; the farmland is not covered with mulching film and is free of pollution; deep fertilizer applying and seed sowing are beneficial for crops to absorb water and nutrients in deep soil.

The invention discloses a water retention method of a sand farmland, and belongs to the technical field of sand soil reclamation. The water retention method of the sand farmland comprises the following specific steps of: carrying out surface soil in-situ stripping, drilling holes for making pits, placing anti-seepage bags, and coating with a film around the holes for gathering water. The measures of drilling holes for making the pits, carrying out anti-seepage bag plantation and coating with the film around the holes are combined, a soil profile space structure of which the underground local water-resisting layer is coupled with ground surface local gathered water is formed in a dry farming farmland, while seepage of rainfall to deep soil is reduced, the rainfall is gathered to a crop plantation area, gathered rainwater is centralized and stored in a middle lower soil layer around a root system so as to be favorable for reducing ground surface evaporation and guaranteeing a crop water need requirement during drought, so that crop yield reduction amplitude caused by the drought is reduced, a better water retention and fertilizer maintenance effect is realized, meanwhile, all adopted materials are degradable materials, and solid waste, including straws and the like, can be effectively utilized.