To eliminate or reduce
fiber burn-back, to facilitate
cauterization and solidification, to obtain an excellent
processing parameter, and to control formation and shapes of bubbles.SOLUTION: A
laser device is configured to provide one or more
laser pulses that are configured by a controller to have enough energy to form one or more steam bubbles in a
liquid medium at a
fiber distal delivery end. The one or more pulses are configured to perform the following with the controller: first, to form steam bubbles around a distal end of a distal end part of an
endoscope and a distal delivery end of an
optical fiber; second, to form second bubbles at a distal end of the first bubbles; and third, to expand the second bubbles so as to expand sufficient amount of a considerable part of the
liquid medium from a space between the distal delivery end of the
fiber and a
target tissue when the first bubbles begin to collapse.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3B