A substrate (40, 70, 90, 220) comprises a first planar surface (46, 92) and a second planar surface (46, 92). A first
diffraction pattern is arranged along one of said first and second planar surfaces (46, 92), wherein said first
diffraction pattern includes a first plurality of diffractive features (50). A second
diffraction pattern is arranged along one of said first and second planar surfaces (46, 92), wherein said second diffraction pattern includes a second plurality of diffractive features (50). At least one of said first and second pluralities of diffractive features (50) comprise stepped line diffractive features (52). A
virtual image near-eye display
system comprises at least one planar
waveguide including the substrate (40, 70, 90, 220). A beam writing
system comprises a first platform operable to translate in x and y directions and a second platform operable to rotate about a perpendicular axis, wherein the substrate (40, 70, 90, 220) is coupled to the beam writing
system.