The invention belongs to the technical field of visual SLAM processing technology and mobile chassis navigation path planning, and particularly relates to an active visual SLAM system based on a panorama camera, which comprises an intelligent chassis module, a panorama camera module, a camera dynamic bracket, a monocular camera module and a processor; the processor comprises an evaluation module, a visual SLAM processing module, a global planning module, a local path planning module and a dynamic support planning control module. By adding the intelligent chassis module capable of doing curvilinear motion at any radius, the monocular camera module installed on the multi-degree-of-freedom camera dynamic support and the panoramic camera module used for evaluating the whole environment, the problem that traditional visual SLAM mapping scanning is not purposeful is solved. According to the invention, visual mapping and positioning are more purposeful, the mapping and positioning speed is increased, the mapping and positioning quality is improved, and the mapping and positioning reliability and flexibility are enhanced.