144 results about "Laser optics" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of optical processing, and discloses an imaging depth adjustable laser optical processing system, which comprises a laser emission unit, an optical conduction unit, a spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging unit, a laser galvanometer scanning unit, an indication light imaging unit, an image processing display unit and a control unit, according to the spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging system, time scanning of high output wavelength is realized by utilizing a wavelength scanning mode that the scanning telescopic rotating module drives the spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging system, and position information or image information of a sample from the surface to the interior is provided in real time in combination with an image processing technology; the three-dimensional galvanometer scanning unit scans the position of a sample in real time and records the position and orientation information of a scanning point at the same time, real-time image information and different depths, widths and axial positions of the sample are scanned at the same time, the focusing depth and wavelength of an imaging laser beam and the focusing position and energy of the scanning laser beam are fed back and adjusted, and the laser beam is positioned to the sample for machining.

An optical device includes: a first optical system; and a second optical system. The first optical system includes a first light splitting device configured to split measurement light emitted from a first light source into a first measurement light and a second measurement light and then mix the split measurement light, a first mirror configured to add a first modulation signal by being moved in an entering direction of the first measurement light and reflecting the first measurement light, a second mirror configured to reflect the second measurement light, and a first light receiving device configured to receive the measurement light including a sample-derived signal and the first modulation signal and output a first light receiving signal. The second optical system includes a second light source configured to emit laser light, an optical modulator configured to add a second modulation signal to the laser light, and a second light receiving device configured to receive the laser light including a displacement signal generated by reflection on the first mirror and the second modulation signal and output a second light receiving signal.

The invention relates to the field of optical elements, in particular to a coating method of a high-precision intense laser optical lens. The film coating method comprises the following steps: step 1, substrate pretreatment; step 2, surface activation; 3, a preparation stage; step 4, coating treatment; and step 5, post-processing. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the problems of adhesive force, uniformity, damage resistance and the like of a traditional method in strong laser lens coating are solved through fusion of double-plasma cooperation and a self-adaptive gradient composite coating technology. The method provided by the invention can be used for customized production for different laser scenes, and is suitable for high-end fields such as high-energy laser industry, quantum calculation, infrared imaging and the like.

The invention discloses a miniature camera and laser common-caliber optical system and a use method, and relates to the field of laser optical instruments. The problem that an existing multi-band common-caliber optical system cannot achieve integration, multi-functionalization and miniaturization at the same time is solved. The miniature camera and laser common-aperture optical system comprises a zoom optical lens group, a beam expanding telescope group, an electromagnetic galvanometer, a spectroscope, a fast reflecting mirror and a laser light source. The laser converging zoom optical lens group and the fine tracking imaging branch are respectively connected with the zoom cam lens cone and the fine tracking lens cone, the beam expanding telescope group is connected with the antenna frame, and the electromagnetic galvanometer, the spectroscope and the reflector are all connected with respective bases. The optical axis collinear coupling design is adopted among the components, it is ensured that a laser path and an image path are completely overlapped, and high-precision image guide striking control is achieved. The small mobile platform is suitable for industrial precision machining and rapid identification, high-precision tracking and laser precise striking of short-range dynamic targets.

A laser annealing system and a laser annealing method are provided. A laser annealing system for annealing a thin film by irradiating the thin film on a substrate with a pulsed laser light, the laser annealing system comprising: a laser device for outputting the pulsed laser light; an optical system that irradiates the thin film with pulse laser light; and a processor that performs control to irradiate the same portion of the thin film with the pulsed laser light by performing burst irradiation in which a burst period in which the pulsed laser light is continuously irradiated and a suppression period in which the irradiation of the pulsed laser light is suppressed are repeated.

The invention provides a laser processing device and method, and the device comprises a laser device which is used for emitting laser; the optical system comprises a collimating lens, a shaping lens and a focusing lens, the laser is collimated and amplified by the collimating lens and then enters the shaping lens, the incident laser is converted into a flat-topped light spot from a Gaussian light spot by the shaping lens, and the flat-topped light spot is positioned on a bonding interface by moving the position of the focusing lens; the displacement table system comprises a longitudinal displacement table and a horizontal displacement table, and the longitudinal displacement table is used for driving the focus lens to move synchronously, so that the flat-topped light spot is located on a bonding interface; the horizontal displacement table is used for driving the heterogeneous bonding material to move synchronously so as to realize that the flat-topped light spot scans the whole bonding interface; the in-situ observation system is used for obtaining light spot images of the surface and the bonding interface at at least one height measurement point; and the processing control system is used for obtaining the moving distance of the focus lens according to the light spot image of the height measurement point so as to adjust the position of the focus lens. According to the method, the bonding interface can be optimized.

Laser welding device (1) for producing a welded joint (S) in the area of ​​a joint between at least two components (2, 3) by means of an emitted laser beam (LS) with - a laser scanner (4), having - at least one laser emitter (4.1) designed to emit laser radiation (L), and - at least one laser optic (4.2) designed to shape, direct and focus the emitted laser radiation (L) to form the laser beam (LS), - a measuring unit (4.3) which is designed, - to emit at least one measuring beam (MS) in such a way that it is guided to a predetermined point of impact on at least one of the components (2, 3), - to detect reflected components of the measuring beam (MS) and - to automatically determine depth data of the point of impact based on optical coherence tomography using measurement beam data (MD1 to MD3) determined from the reflected components, - a control unit (4.4) which is designed, - before welding, the measuring unit (4.3) is controlled so that it automatically scans a surface of the components (2, 3) in a grid-like scan movement using a measuring beam (MS), automatically determines geometric parameters of the components (2, 3) from depth data determined at the respective point of impact from measuring beam data (MD1), and stores the parameters as reference data in a database for different positions of the surface of the components (2, 3). - then, during welding, to control the laser scanner (4) so ​​that it directs the laser beam (LS) onto the surfaces of the components (2, 3) and at least partially melts the components (2, 3), and simultaneously to control the measuring unit (4.3) so that it automatically scans a generated melt (SM) using a measuring beam (MS) in a scanning motion and automatically determines depth data of a vapor capillary (DK) generated in the melt (SM) based on optical coherence tomography for different positions of the melt (SM) from measuring beam data (MD2), and - to compare the position-related depth data of the vapor capillary (DK) with the position-related reference data in a comparison process carried out simultaneously with or following welding, and to determine a position-related comparison depth of the vapor capillary (DK) in comparison to an initial state of the components (2, 3) existing before welding, wherein the measuring unit (4.3) is configured to emit at least one measuring beam (MS) into the at least one laser optic (4.2) in such a way that it is guided together with the laser beam (LS) to its point of impact.

The invention relates to a method for surface treatment of a cylindrical housing (110) of an electrical energy storage device (100) made of metal by means of laser structuring, wherein the housing (110) has a housing shell (120) and an upper housing cover (111) surrounded by the housing shell (120) and a lower housing cover (112) surrounded by the housing shell (120), and the housing shell (120) is surface treated.According to the invention, during surface treatment, the housing (120) is guided in a holder (500) in a rotating manner such that a distance of a surface (130) of the housing shell (120) to a laser optics (200) emitting at least one laser beam (210) onto the surface (130), in particular a focus position of the laser optics (200), is kept constant and at least one structure (300, 310) is produced in the surface (130) surrounding the housing shell (120) by means of the at least one laser beam (210).

The application belongs to the technical field of laser optics, and particularly relates to a heat distortion resistant mirror seat for a high-power laser system; the mirror seat comprises a seat body, a plurality of convex bosses for limiting a mirror are arranged on the inner side wall of the seat body, a contact plate for bearing the mirror is arranged in the frame of the seat body, a group of heat dissipation fins are arranged on the bottom of the contact plate, flexible grooves and threaded holes are respectively arranged in the frame of the seat body at positions corresponding to the convex bosses, a flexible pressing ring is fixed to the top end of the seat body through the threaded holes and is used for pressing the mirror, mounting holes corresponding to the threaded holes are arranged on the flexible pressing ring, and a flexible groove of the pressing ring is arranged on the inner side of each mounting hole; the application is suitable for the working condition that the temperature of the mirror continuously rises, can effectively reduce the temperature level of the mirror, and effectively solves the mirror surface shape distortion problem caused by the fact that the mirror seat extrudes the mirror due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the mirror seat and the mirror.

The application relates to the technical field of optical processing, and discloses a laser optical processing system with adjustable imaging depth, which comprises a laser emission unit, an optical transmission unit, a spectral domain optical coherence tomography unit, a laser galvanometer scanning unit, an indicating light imaging unit, an image processing and display unit and a control unit. The wavelength scanning mode of the spectral domain optical coherence tomography system is driven by a scanning telescopic rotating module, time scanning of high output wavelength is realized, image processing technology is combined to provide position information or image information of a sample from a surface to an interior in real time, the position of the sample is scanned in real time by a three-dimensional galvanometer scanning unit, the position and directional information of a scanning point are recorded, the real-time image information of the sample is simultaneously scanned, different depths, widths and axial positions are realized, the focusing depth and wavelength of an imaging laser beam, the focusing position and energy of a scanning laser beam are adjusted and fed back, and the sample is positioned for processing.

A Raman fiber laser includes a pump light source, a reflective end mirror, a wavelength division multiplexer, a Raman gain fiber, and an output end mirror. The output end mirror is an ultra-low reflectance fiber Bragg grating. The reflective end mirror is connected to a reflective end of the wavelength division multiplexer. The pump light source is connected to an input end of the wavelength division multiplexer. One end of the Raman gain fiber is connected to a common end of the wavelength division multiplexer, and the other end of the Raman gain fiber is connected to the ultra-low reflectance fiber Bragg grating. The laser of the present invention can reduce loss of laser light at the reflective end mirror, thereby increasing laser light optical conversion efficiency and output power, and simultaneously achieving high time domain stability and extremely low coherence.

A laser interferometer includes: a laser light source configured to emit first laser light; an optical modulator including a vibration element that generates a vibration component in a direction intersecting an incident surface of the first laser light, and configured to modulate the first laser light by using the vibration element to generate second laser light including a modulation signal; a photodetector configured to receive the second laser light and third laser light that includes a sample signal generated by the first laser light being reflected by an object, and output a light reception signal; a demodulation circuit configured to demodulate the sample signal from the light reception signal based on a reference signal; and an oscillation circuit configured to operate using the vibration element as a signal source and output the reference signal to the demodulation circuit.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid lasers, and particularly provides a narrow-linewidth tunable dual-wavelength laser output system based on data driving, which comprises a pumping source, a resonant cavity, a data acquisition unit and a data receiving and driving device, a single gain medium, two F-P etalon and an F-P angle regulator are arranged in the resonant cavity, the inclination angles of the two F-P etalon are adjusted through an F-P angle adjuster so as to perform longitudinal mode selection and wavelength tuning on the output laser of the resonant cavity; a neural network screening model is arranged in the data receiving and driving device, the neural network screening model is used for learning the mapping relation between intracavity parameters and output laser optical parameters, and dual-wavelength simultaneous locking and line width prediction are achieved through dual-etalon collaborative mode selection and data driving of the neural network screening model. According to the invention, the complexity of the system is greatly simplified, and dual-wavelength, narrow-linewidth, high-stability, repeatable and automatic laser output regulation and control which cannot be achieved by a traditional architecture are realized functionally.

The present application relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a downhole three-component magnetic field sensing system based on atomic magnetometer. The downhole three-component atomic magnetic field sensor is connected with the optical fiber signal modem in the ground well logging vehicle through the armored photoelectric composite cable. The optical fiber signal modem is used for real-time demodulation of the three-component magnetic field signals and three-component attitude signals measured by the three-component atomic magnetic field sensor. The three-component atomic magnetic field sensor comprises a non-magnetic high-temperature packaging structure, a high-temperature-resistant atomic gas chamber module, a three-axis orthogonal laser optical system, a high-temperature-resistant photoelectric detection array, a power management module, a temperature sensor, a magnetic field solving and signal processing unit and a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor which are arranged in the non-magnetic high-temperature packaging structure. The three-component atomic magnetic field sensor adopts the atomic magnetometer measurement principle, combines the high-temperature-resistant materials and the optimized heat dissipation design, and can work stably in an environment of up to 200 DEG C.

The invention discloses a beta distribution-based composite aberration construction method, which relates to the technical field of laser optics and comprises the following steps of: constructing a non-ideal laser initial light field; generating a Zernike polynomial weight coefficient based on a beta distribution model; substituting the weight coefficient into the phase expression to form a composite aberration mode, and substituting the composite aberration mode into the non-ideal laser initial light field to obtain a non-ideal laser initial light field with composite aberration; repeating the steps, generating N groups of different weight coefficient combinations corresponding to N composite aberration scenes, simulating transmission evolution of laser in atmospheric turbulence by adopting a multi-layer phase screen method for each group of aberrations, and performing simulation calculation; a simulation result change rule is observed by changing parameters of the beta distribution model, and a parameter-light spot quality mapping relation is established. According to the method, the beta distribution model is introduced, a brand new technical path is provided for flexible construction and high-precision simulation of the composite aberration, and the reliability and efficiency of laser optical system design can be effectively improved.

The application provides an objective refraction system and method of refractive state, comprising: a laser light source emitting three beams of blue laser, green laser and infrared laser, an optical beam splitter splitting the three beams into a reference light path and a measurement light path; a plane mirror reflecting the reference light path back to the original path and being received by an interference measurement device; a light adjusting device refracting the measurement light path to realize range measurement of a measurement object, the refracted measurement light path being reflected back to the original path by the measurement object and then being received by the interference measurement device; then, the interference measurement device obtains an interference measurement signal according to the incident measurement light path and the reference light path, a data processing device obtains refractive factor data of the measurement object according to the interference measurement signal, and obtains refractive refraction data of the measurement object according to the refractive factor data. The application can realize the ophthalmic examination that can be completed by multiple devices through one measurement, can quickly understand the real state of the eyeball and judge the myopia condition, and improves the myopia examination efficiency.

A handheld laser trimming and welding device can include a handheld laser trimming and welding wand and a nozzle. The nozzle can extend from the handheld laser trimming and welding wand to a distal portion, and the nozzle can have an aperture on the distal portion. The distal portion of the nozzle can be configured to optically communicate a laser to the distal portion of the nozzle and fluidically communicate a pressurized gas to the distal portion of the nozzle.

The present application relates to a thermal-optical characteristic measurement system and method, in particular to a thermal-optical characteristic comprehensive measurement system and method of a high-power laser optical lens, which is used to solve the problems of scene limitation, single information acquisition and lack of mutual inspection means in the measurement of the thermal-optical characteristic of a high-power laser system by using a laser focal point analyzer. The thermal-optical characteristic comprehensive measurement system of the high-power laser optical lens comprises a laser light source, a first rotating high-reflection mirror, a second rotating high-reflection mirror and a control computer, wherein the laser light source comprises a high-power laser light source and a low-power laser light source, which are perpendicular to each other and intersect. The present application realizes the consistency of the optical paths of the high-power laser and the low-power laser in the lens measurement area by using the first rotating high-reflection mirror and the second rotating high-reflection mirror, realizes the common optical axis of the two optical paths in the measurement process, and reduces the error of the measurement system.

A method of laser-based high temperature mechanical property characterization comprising the steps of providing a mechanical test frame and chamber, loading a specimen in the mechanical test frame in the chamber, providing a laser, aligning the laser, sealing the chamber, evacuating 5 the chamber and optionally backfilling with a prescribed atmosphere, turning on the laser, applying mechanical loading to the specimen in the mechanical test frame, utilizing a load cell and a non-contact video extensometer, synchronizing the output of the load cell and non-contact video extensometer, and tracking the strain in the specimen. A device for laser-based high temperature mechanical property characterization comprising a vacuum chamber with a laser 10 transmissible window and viewing window, a vacuum pump, a uniaxial tensile system inside the vacuum chamber, a thermocouple inside the vacuum chamber, laser optics inside the vacuum chamber, a function generator, a laser source, an IR camera, and a video camera.

The present application relates to the technical field of laser optical control, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic mechanical shutter device, a light blocking piece of the device can reciprocate along a straight line, so that the light blocking piece is switched between a light beam passing position and a light beam blocking position, thereby realizing flexible control of the on-off of a laser beam. Meanwhile, by setting a diffuse reflection heat dissipation unit and setting a reflecting surface on the light blocking piece, when the light blocking piece is in the light beam blocking position, the incident laser beam can be reflected to the diffuse reflection heat dissipation unit, the laser energy is received and absorbed by the diffuse reflection heat dissipation unit, and the heat is dissipated in time, so that the problem of heat accumulation is effectively relieved, and the service life of the device is significantly prolonged. The present application also relates to a high-power laser, which comprises the electromagnetic mechanical shutter device.

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of laser equipment manufacturing, and provides a laser optical lens clamp assembly and a laser optical lens detection platform, and the laser optical lens clamp assembly comprises an upper rotating part, a clamp base, a clamp and a lower rotating part; the upper rotating piece is located above the lower rotating piece, and the upper rotating piece and the lower rotating piece are rotationally installed in the installation cavity of the clamp base. The upper rotating part and the lower rotating part are fixedly connected, the rotating end of the clamp extends into the position between the upper rotating part and the lower rotating part, the upper rotating part, the lower rotating part and the rotating end of the clamp are sequentially connected through the positioning part, the rotating end part of the clamp can rotate around the positioning part, and the other part of the rotating end of the clamp slides in the clamp base. The clamp is used for achieving clamping and opening of the clamp. The optical lens clamping device is suitable for clamping optical lenses of different sizes and keeping the optical lenses horizontal.

The application provides a thin-film solar cell two-dimensional code etching device, and provides a thin-film solar cell two-dimensional code etching device, which comprises a laser optical system, a material receiving reel, a material feeding reel, a tape sensor, a plurality of tensioning directional wheels and the like, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure and continuous operation capability. The device can edit the layout of the required mark in a self-defined mode, and can sputter the two-dimensional code information and the required mark information onto the surface of the glass by etching, so that the glass product is not damaged. The application also provides a thin-film solar cell two-dimensional code etching method, in which the near-infrared laser with a pulse width of nanoseconds is integrated and focused by using an optical system, and the high-temperature-resistant high-molecular material coated on PET or PEF is transferred to the surface of the glass by using a vibrating mirror scanning technology, so that the two-dimensional code and the related mark characters are obtained. The method has the characteristics of fast processing speed, stable process, easy maintenance, simple tape replacement and cost saving.

The invention relates to the technical field of laser optics, and discloses a telecentric field lens, which comprises a plurality of lenses and plane mirrors which are coaxially arranged, and is characterized in that incident light sequentially reaches the first surface and the second surface of each lens along the incident direction; the plurality of lenses and plane mirrors comprise a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth plane mirror of which incident light is sequentially arranged from the object space to the image space along the incident direction; wherein the second lens and the fourth lens are made of calcium fluoride materials, and the first lens and the third lens are made of fused quartz materials. According to the telecentric field lens provided by the invention, through the design of multi-stage and alternate combination, the chromatic aberration, especially the vertical axis chromatic aberration which has the greatest influence on imaging uniformity and light spot quality, is cooperatively corrected in a wide spectrum range (covering a broadened spectrum of femtosecond laser). The field lens is suitable for an ultraviolet femtosecond laser precision machining system with a high requirement for the quality of focusing light spots, and the problem of light spot degradation caused by chromatic aberration brought by a traditional single-wavelength field lens design can be effectively solved.

The present invention discloses an adjustment mechanism for an infrared laser optical mirror, comprising a vacuum chamber, a translation adjustment unit, a rotation adjustment unit, and an optical mirror assembly. The translation adjustment unit comprises a horizontal adjustment unit and a vertical adjustment unit. The optical mirror assembly, the rotation adjustment unit, and the horizontal adjustment unit are all located within the vacuum chamber. In the present invention, four-dimensional adjustment of the optical mirror assembly can be achieved by providing the translation adjustment unit and the rotation adjustment unit. The rotation assembly and the horizontal adjustment unit, as well as the rotation assembly and the optical mirror assembly, are both provided with a rotational connection, and the rotation axis of the rotation assembly and the rotation axis of the optical mirror assembly are cross-connected, so that the two rotation axes of the pitch angle and the rolling glue intersect at the center of the optical mirror assembly. During rotational adjustment, no additional translation is generated and no other rotation is affected. The center position of the mirror surface remains unchanged, and the optical path length remains unchanged, greatly simplifying the adjustment process.

The objective of the present invention is to provide: a beam combiner in which the intensity of blue laser light after coupling is sufficiently strong and a temperature rise is suppressed; and a beam combiner system including the beam combiner. A beam combiner (1) according to the present invention comprises a substrate (2) and an optical multilayer film (4) formed directly on a substrate surface (Q), which is the surface of the substrate (2). The optical multilayer film (4) has alternating low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers, transmits first laser light (L1) in the blue region of p-polarized light, and reflects polarization-converted laser light (LZ) in the blue region of s-polarized light. Each high refractive index layer of the optical multilayer film 4 is an HfO2 layer made of HfO2 and contains a monoclinic crystal. The (-111) plane of the monoclinic crystal is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface (Q).

This invention provides an on-board layout structure for a laser optical head, including a laser optical head, a head support, a thermal radiator, an L-shaped external heat pipe, and a slanted support structure. The head support is mounted on the outer surface of the satellite's ground plane, the slanted support structure is mounted below the ground plane at the bottom of the head support, the laser optical head is mounted on the head support, the thermal radiator is mounted on the side of the ground plane, the first end of the L-shaped external heat pipe is connected and fixed to the heat dissipation part of the laser optical head, and the opposite second end of the L-shaped external heat pipe is connected and fixed to the outer surface of the thermal radiator; and a cerium glass silver-plated secondary surface mirror is attached to the outer surface of the thermal radiator. Thus, this invention can solve the problem of thermal control layout for satellite laser optical head payloads.

The present application relates to a kind of coated optical element laser damage dominant mode determination and threshold estimation method, belong to laser optical element damage evaluation technical field.The implementation method of the present application is as follows: based on the calculation of film optical field distribution of transmission matrix method or finite difference time domain method;Temperature and stress field of film and substrate are predicted by combining finite element analysis;Compare damage threshold to determine dominant mode;And verify the accuracy of model through experiment.The present application quantifies the damage contribution of film electric field-thermal coupling model and substrate thermal analysis model by constructing them respectively, and verifies the model through small sample experiment, aims to solve the problems of complex damage competition mechanism of coated optical element film and substrate, difficult to distinguish dominant damage mode, and low efficiency and high cost of traditional experimental method.

The utility model discloses a light tactical dazzling laser gun, which belongs to the technical field of laser equipment and comprises a gun body, a laser optical lens is arranged at the front end of the gun body, a grip is arranged on the lower side of the rear end of the gun body, a battery is arranged on the lower side of the gun body close to the middle position, and a trigger is arranged between the grip and the battery. A display screen is arranged at the position, close to the upper side, of the rear end of the gun body, a laser, a microswitch and a control circuit board are arranged in the rear end of the gun body, the laser is connected with the laser optical lens through an optical fiber, the trigger abuts against the microswitch, and the control circuit board is electrically connected with the battery, the laser, the microswitch and the display screen. The laser gun is simple in structure, small in size, light in weight and convenient to disassemble, assemble, maintain and carry, various tactical accessories can be hung on the laser gun, and the use range of the laser gun is greatly widened. And the device can be widely applied to various service works such as anti-terrorism stability maintenance, anti-riot emergency treatment, expelling warning, arresting, searching, emergency help seeking and the like.

This application discloses a cuboid laser reflector auxiliary heating device and its control method based on heat flux topology reconstruction, belonging to the field of laser optics technology. This application aims to solve the problem of insufficient global temperature uniformity accuracy of existing uniform heating compensation methods due to spatial mismatch between the auxiliary heating field and the laser Gaussian thermal field. The device includes a cuboid reflector substrate, a continuous wiring channel on the back of the reflector substrate, and an electrothermal element embedded in the channel. The electrothermal element is spatially divided into at least two independently controlled auxiliary heating regions. The wiring density and power supply voltage of the electrothermal element in each region are coordinated, so that the Joule heat power density distribution generated by the electrothermal element on the back of the reflector substrate and the Gaussian heat flux density distribution of the incident laser on the reflecting surface satisfy a spatial complementary conjugate relationship, thereby forming a uniform total thermal field across the entire region. This application can accurately fill the temperature troughs in the laser Gaussian thermal field at the edge of the reflector, achieving high-precision temperature compensation.