The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system and method for the environment of whole-network communication terminal boxes. The system comprises an environment detection collecting unit, a system master control unit, a whole-network communication unit, a linkage relay unit and a background management system; the environment detection collecting unit collects and monitors environmental parameters of the terminal boxes, collected environmental data is sent to the system master control unit to judge whether or not the environmental data is normal, when the data is abnormal, the linkage relay unit is triggered to control execution equipment to adjust the environmental parameters, meanwhile, through the whole-network communication unit, the environmental data and alarm information are transmitted to the background management system, the background management system monitors the operation conditions of all the front end terminal boxes in real time, through a background electronic map, the terminal box with abnormal alarming is rapidly positioned, and information is sent to mobile phone terminal equipment. Communication between the system master control unit and the whole-networkcommunication unit includes LoRa, Zigbee, NBIoT, WiFi, RJ45, CAN, RS485, GPRS and 4G.