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This application provides a pine cone-shaped photothermal evaporator and its preparation method, relating to the field of solar seawater desalination technology. The preparation method utilizes a silica-polypyrrole double-shell structure design to fabricate PPy-PCMs microcapsules that possess both high photothermal conversion efficiency across the entire spectrum and stable, reversible phase change heat storage function. A composite membrane is obtained by sequentially spraying a nanofiber suspension and a PPy-PCMs dispersion onto a substrate. The composite membrane is then cut into strips and radially fixed to the surface of a hydrophilic cotton rod, assembling them to form a biomimetic pine cone-shaped photothermal evaporator. This biomimetic pine cone-shaped photothermal evaporator exhibits stable structure, leak-proof and heat-resistant properties, excellent light absorption efficiency, and low thermal conductivity. It maintains high evaporation performance under both light and dark environments, demonstrates significant desalination effects, and maintains stable operation even in high-salinity water bodies, providing an efficient solution for all-weather water purification.