Gemini surfactant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of surfactant. The preparation method for the gemini surfactant comprises the following steps: adding maleic anhydride and saccharose in a molar ratio of 1 to 2 of maleic anhydride to organic solvent; using catalyst to catalyze the reaction to acquire malelic sucrose diester; mixing the reactant and aliphatic ester in a molar ratio of 1 to 2 to acquire malelic sucrose aliphatic diester. According to the invention, a molecular designing principle is adopted to react maleic anhydride with sucrose to obtain malelic sucrose diester, and then react the recant with the aliphatic ester to obtain the malelic sucrose aliphatic diester which is a surfactant with a dimerization structure, wherein the substance has good surface activity; R is selected from C12 and C18 alkyls and C18 alkene.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of surfactants, in particular to a gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof. Background technique

[0002] Gemini surfactants are a new class of surfactants composed of a spacer group that connects two hydrophobic groups and two hydrophilic groups with ionic head groups through chemical bonds. Compared with traditional single-base surfactants, gemini surfactants have the advantages of lower critical micelle concentration, lower surface tension of aqueous solution or interfacial tension between water and oil, and better water solubility.

[0003] The sugar ester-based surfactant product is safe, pollution-free, non-toxic to the human body, does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, and is biodegradable. It is a green surfactant. With the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, the price increase of petroleum-based chemical raw materials will inevitably lead to an increase in the price of ...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0029] In a vacuum environment, put an organic solvent with a molar ratio of 6:1 to maleic anhydride in a four-necked flask; mix maleic anhydride and sucrose in a molar ratio of 1:2 in N,N-dimethylformamide in, then vacuum distillation; add maleic anhydride and 4% KOH of the total mass of sucrose solids as a catalyst; mix for 2 hours at 60°C; add methyl stearate to make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester Mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 2; dispersed at a temperature of 100°C for 1 hour; then heated up to 120°C, reacted for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, and the product is of the structural formula:

[0030] nonionic gemini surfactants.

Embodiment 2

[0032] In a vacuum environment, put an organic solvent with a molar ratio of 8:1 to maleic anhydride in a four-necked flask; mix maleic anhydride and sucrose in a molar ratio of 1:2 in N,N-dimethylformamide 4% KOH of the total mass of maleic anhydride and sucrose solids was added as a catalyst; mixed for 2 hours at 60 ° C; methyl oleate was added to make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester press 1: 2 molar ratio mixing; Disperse at 110°C for 2 hours; Then heat up to 130°C, react for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, the product is a structural formula:

[0033] nonionic gemini surfactants.

Embodiment 3

[0035] In a vacuum environment, put into the four-necked flask the organic solvent that the molar ratio with maleic anhydride is 5.6:1; Maleic anhydride and sucrose are mixed in toluene by the molar ratio of 1:2, then underpressure distillation; Add 4% NaOH of maleic anhydride and sucrose solid gross mass is used as catalyst; Mixed 3 hours under 70 ℃; Add methyl stearate, make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester mix by 1: 2 molar ratio ; Disperse for 2 hours at a temperature of 100°C; then heat up to 120°C and react for 3 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, and the product is of structural formula

[0036] nonionic gemini surfactants.

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of surfactants, in particular to a gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof. Background technique

[0002] Gemini surfactants are a new class of surfactants composed of a spacer group that connects two hydrophobic groups and two hydrophilic groups with ionic head groups through chemical bonds. Compared with traditional single-base surfactants, gemini surfactants have the advantages of lower critical micelle concentration, lower surface tension of aqueous solution or interfacial tension between water and oil, and better water solubility.

[0003] The sugar ester-based surfactant product is safe, pollution-free, non-toxic to the human body, does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes, and is biodegradable. It is a green surfactant. With the increasing shortage of petroleum resources, the price increase of petroleum-based chemical raw materials will inevitably lead to an increase in the price of ...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0029] In a vacuum environment, put an organic solvent with a molar ratio of 6:1 to maleic anhydride in a four-necked flask; mix maleic anhydride and sucrose in a molar ratio of 1:2 in N,N-dimethylformamide in, then vacuum distillation; add maleic anhydride and 4% KOH of the total mass of sucrose solids as a catalyst; mix for 2 hours at 60°C; add methyl stearate to make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester Mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 2; dispersed at a temperature of 100°C for 1 hour; then heated up to 120°C, reacted for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, and the product is of the structural formula:

[0030] nonionic gemini surfactants.

Embodiment 2

[0032] In a vacuum environment, put an organic solvent with a molar ratio of 8:1 to maleic anhydride in a four-necked flask; mix maleic anhydride and sucrose in a molar ratio of 1:2 in N,N-dimethylformamide 4% KOH of the total mass of maleic anhydride and sucrose solids was added as a catalyst; mixed for 2 hours at 60 ° C; methyl oleate was added to make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester press 1: 2 molar ratio mixing; Disperse at 110°C for 2 hours; Then heat up to 130°C, react for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, the product is a structural formula:

[0033] nonionic gemini surfactants.

Embodiment 3

[0035] In a vacuum environment, put into the four-necked flask the organic solvent that the molar ratio with maleic anhydride is 5.6:1; Maleic anhydride and sucrose are mixed in toluene by the molar ratio of 1:2, then underpressure distillation; Add 4% NaOH of maleic anhydride and sucrose solid gross mass is used as catalyst; Mixed 3 hours under 70 ℃; Add methyl stearate, make the product in the organic solvent and the added ester mix by 1: 2 molar ratio ; Disperse for 2 hours at a temperature of 100°C; then heat up to 120°C and react for 3 hours to obtain a light yellow solid, and the product is of structural formula

[0036] nonionic gemini surfactants.

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