The invention discloses a self-assembled
nucleic acid nanoparticle as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The particle comprises (a) a three-dimensional
nanostructure formed by self-folding single-stranded
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) synthesized by a T7 in-vitro transcription
system; and (b) at least one functional siRNA which is loaded on the three-dimensional
nanostructure and is used for targeting a key
gene of a piercing-sucking mouthpart pest. The method has the beneficial effects that by simulating the three-dimensional topological structure of a natural
RNA stent, the multi-arm nano-particles with efficient loading and intelligent release functions are constructed, the dynamic elastic conformation of the multi-arm nano-particles can adaptively penetrate through a
plant vascular interface and an
insect intestinal wall vascular barrier, and the biological distribution efficiency is remarkably improved; the
modular architecture supports synchronous loading of siRNA pools targeting different physiological pathways, a'one-
dose multiple-effect 'strategy of multi-
gene collaborative silencing is realized, and the
system is especially suitable for
brown planthopper and other pests with redundant
gene functions; the SARN may also modulate the release of active siRNA to overcome intermittent
ingestion disorders of piercing-sucking pests.