Current approaches in small
diameter vascular grafts for coronary
artery bypass surgeries fail to address physiological variations along the graft that contribute to
thrombus formation and ultimately
graft failure. An interlayer
drug delivery system can sustain delivery of
heparin through the graft with a high degree of temporal and spatial control. A
heparin-loaded
gelatin methacrylate interlayer sits between a biohybrid composed of decellularized
bovine pericardium and poly(propylene fumarate) and UV crosslinking is controlled via 3D printed shadow masks. The masks enable control of the
resultant gelMA crosslinking and properties by modulating the incident
light intensity on the graft.
High doses of
heparin have detrimental effects on endothelial
cell function. When exposed to heparin in a slower, more sustained manner consistent with the masks, endothelial cells behave similarly to untreated cells. Slower release profiles cause significantly more release of
tissue factor pathway inhibitor, an
anticoagulant, than a faster release profile.