Rapid low-temperature cold start fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid low-temperature cold start fuel cell, and belongs to the field of fuel cells. The fuel cell with the rapid low-temperature cold start function is a cold start system with a heat preservation and heat storage system, when the fuel cell enters cold start, air passes through a heat preservation air pump, a filter and a flow meter, is heated by a heating wire and enters a fuel cell stack for cold start, and hot air passes through a three-way valve and is introduced into the heat preservation air pump again; and the heat of the previous cycle is stored for preheating the fuel cell stack in the next cycle, so that the energy consumption of the storage battery can be reduced, and the fuel cell stack can be preheated faster and more stably. The surface of the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell with the rapid low-temperature cold start is also provided with a micro-bulge structure, and the porosity of the gas diffusion layer is in a gradient distribution relationship from small to large in the direction from the bipolar plate to the membrane electrode, so that the effect of enhancing heat transfer from a runner to one side of the membrane electrode can be achieved; therefore, the melting speed of ice in the stack is accelerated, and the low-temperature cold start speed is accelerated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a rapid low-temperature cold-start fuel cell. Background technique [0002] With the continuous development of automobile technology, fuel cells are gradually emerging to solve the problems of large emissions from internal combustion engine vehicles and short cruising range of pure electric vehicles. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a kind of fuel cell that is widely used. It has the advantages of low operating temperature, fast battery start-up speed, low noise, and high specific power. It has become a research hotspot in various countries at present. But at the same time, many problems of its own also limit the development of PEMFC, such as high cost, hydrogen storage and transportation problems, and difficulty in starting at low temperature. [0003] In a low-temperature environment, since a certain amount of water often exists after the stack is shut down, it...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

But at the same time, many problems of its own also limit the development of PEMFC, such as high cost, hydrogen storage and transportation problems, and difficulty in starting at low temperature.

[0003] In a low temperature environment, since a certain amount of water often exists after the stack is shut down, it is easy to freeze, which can easily damage the membrane electrode, thereby reducing the performance and life of the fuel cell

The current common practice is to purge and remove the liquid water in the reactor before shutting down, but this is difficult to drain

Therefore, after the membrane electrode is shut down, there will still be a small part of ice at low temperature, and the ice in the membrane electrode and flow channel will block the gas transmission, which will affect the next startup speed

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