This invention relates to the field of nanomaterials technology, specifically to a catechol derivative ligand and its modified gold nanoparticles and their applications. The catechol derivative-modified gold nanoparticles provided by this invention can act as bioreducing agents, specifically by increasing the GSH / GSSG ratio and NADPH / NADP ratio in tumor cells. + By adjusting the ratio, reducing extracellular H2O2 content, increasing GPx content, and decreasing MDA content, a reducing stress state is formed, thus enabling it to act as a biological reducing agent. Under reducing stress, it can not only inhibit the proliferation rate of tumor cells but also activate mitomycin C, enhancing the therapeutic effect of mitomycin C on tumors.