32 results about "Phosphorylethanolamine" patented technology

The invention discloses a mesenchymal stem cell serum-free culture medium. The culture medium takes an L-DMEM, DMEM-F12 or alpha-MEM culture medium as a basic culture medium and also includes the following addition components: fibronectin, laminin, transferrin, trypsin, aprotinin, growth hormone, insulin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, bFGF, EGF, B27, IGF-I, IGF-II, choline, linoleic acid, sodium selenite, phosphorylethanolamine, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B12 and biotin. The culture medium has the advantages of defined composition and controllable quality, and mesenchymal stem cells cultured by the culture medium grow normal; and after multiple passages, the 'dryness' of the mesenchymal stem cells and the ability of the mesenchymal stem cells to be differentiated into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons and other types of cells are still kept.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing an amino functionalized rare earth-doped lanthanum fluoride nano fluorescent marker material, which comprises the steps of: with phosphorylethanolamine as a surface active agent, mixing sodium fluoride, lanthanum nitrate and rare earth nitrate in distilled water, carrying out heat preservation at the temperature of 30-90 DEG C, and stirring for a period of time, washing and drying to obtain the aminated rare earth-doped lanthanum fluoride nanocrystalline with the component of xLn<3+>-(1-x) LaF3, wherein Ln<3+>=Ce<3+>, Yb<3+>, Er<3+>, Tm<3+>, Ho<3+>, Eu<3+>, Gd<3+>, Tb<3+>, Dy<3+>, Sm<3+>, Nd<3+> and Pr<3+>, and x=0-50mol%. The rare earth-doped LaF3 nano fluorescent marker material prepared by the method has the advantages that the size of nanoparticles can be controlled to be about 5nm, water solubility is good and the surface amino can be used to realize the connection with biomolecule. Furthermore, different rare earth ions can be doped into the nanoparticles, so that the specific fluorescence emission can be realized so that the biological connection can be detected sensitively; and the nano fluorescent marker material prepared by the method has the potential in application in the biological marking field.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for the biosynthetic production of choline, ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, and phosphocholine.

The invention relates to a liquid fermentation culture medium for cordyceps sinensis. In additions to a carbon source, a nitrogen source, metal salts and the like in a common culture medium, the culture medium is further added with phosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine, cholesterol, fatty acid and the like as a growth promoter, so that the cordyceps sinensis can be effectively promoted to form blastospore or hyphal bodies. Bacterial suspension obtained by culture medium fermentation is rich in blastospore or hyphal body growth point, and can be continuously fermented or used as a seed solution for subsequent liquid or solid fermentation, and therefore, the liquid fermentation culture medium is beneficial for improving fermentation production efficiency of the cordyceps sinensis.

The invention discloses a biomarker for an ossotide intervention therapy of osteoporosis. The biomarker comprises lipid and lipoid molecules, organic acid and derivatives thereof and / or neurotransmitter substances, wherein the lipid and lipoid molecules are any one or more selected from taurine, arachidonic acid, 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-3-phosphoethanolamine, (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)-4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid, 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-3-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine, taurine deoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid. The invention discloses a screening method of the biomarker as well as an application of the biomarker. Exemplary research is provided for evaluation of active functions of natural products, and theoretical support is provided for systematic evaluation of anti-osteoporosis activity of ossotide and development of ossotide products with bioactive functions.

The invention discloses a limbus corneae stem cell serum-free medium and a culture method thereof. The serum-free medium comprises a basic culture medium and additives, wherein the additives include human recombinant EGF, insulin, 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine, hydrocortisone, forskolin, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, sodium metasilicate, ammonium metavanadate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, stannous chloride dihydrate, ethanol amine, phosphorylethanolamine, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid, vitamin C, bovine serum albumin, lipid concentrate and serum substitution. The serum-free medium contains no fetal calf serum or any animal source ingredient, can supply sufficient nutrients and good environment needed by cell growth proliferation and can effectively replace the effect of serum, cells grow well, the cell purity and stability are improved, rapid and stable cell sources are provided for limbus corneae stem cell specificity mechanism research and transplantation therapy, and the clinic application prospect is wide.

The invention discloses a mesenchymal stem cell serum-free culture medium. The culture medium takes an L-DMEM, DMEM-F12 or alpha-MEM culture medium as a basic culture medium and also includes the following addition components: fibronectin, laminin, transferrin, trypsin, aprotinin, growth hormone, insulin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, bFGF, EGF, B27, IGF-I, IGF-II, choline, linoleic acid, sodium selenite, phosphorylethanolamine, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B12 and biotin. The culture medium has the advantages of defined composition and controllable quality, and mesenchymal stem cells cultured by the culture medium grow normal; and after multiple passages, the 'dryness' of the mesenchymal stem cells and the ability of the mesenchymal stem cells to be differentiated into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons and other types of cells are still kept.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a delivery system of a treatment medicine capable of crossing a blood brain barrier and specifically targeting brain glioma. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1) preparing an NK cell membrane: adding NK cells into a cell lysis buffer solution containing a protease inhibitor, and performing ultrasonic centrifugal treatment to obtain the NK cell membrane; step 2) adding 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol) 2000] (ammonium salt) and a medicine into pure water, and performing ultrasonic treatment, so as to obtain liposome nano-particles; and step 3) co-extruding the NK cell membrane and the liposome nano-particles through a polycarbonate membrane with a pore size of 220nm to form an NK cell bionic nano-carrier. The NK cell bionic nano-carrier prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is the delivery system of the treatment medicine which crosses the blood brain barrier and specifically targets the brain glioma.

The invention relates to a soybean lecithin modified emulsifier and a preparation method and application thereof in the technical field of petroleum drilling fluids, a plurality of hydrophilic alcohol ether groups are modified on an amino group of phosphorylethanolamine which accounts for the main component of soybean lecithin, the hydrophilicity is improved, other oleophylic components are not influenced, and the emulsifying effect is good. Therefore, the soybean lecithin has the effects of main milk and auxiliary milk, and an integrated emulsifier is formed. Comprising the following steps: heating and stirring a diepoxy compound and soybean lecithin in a lower alcohol solution to react, and distilling out a lower alcohol solvent; and adding polyol and protonic acid into the solution, heating and stirring to obtain the final soybean lecithin modified emulsifier. The soybean lecithin modified emulsifier prepared by the invention can be applied to emulsification of oil-based drilling fluids taking diesel oil, white oil and gas oil as base oil. The invention has the advantages of high emulsifying rate, excellent electrical stability, low dosage (2-5wt%) and wide applicable oil-water ratio range (6040-9010).

A method for the production of phosphoethanolamine is disclosed. Phosphoric acid and monoethanolamine are mixed at a sufficient ratio using a doser to form a solution. The solution is then esterified by heating the solution to about 200° C., followed by cooling the solution to 40° C. A sufficient amount of distilled water is added to the solution to produce the desired viscosity. Excess ethanol is then filtered from the solution via a suction element. The solution is then subjected to centrifugal action for up to four hours at 1800 RPM to separate the phosphoethanolamine until a moisture content below 20% is reached. The remainder is then air dried to further isolate the phosphoethanolamine.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a phosphorylethanolamine compound, which belongs to the technical field of biochemistry. The method comprises the following steps of: adding ethanolamine or ethanolamine solution into one of phosphorus pentoxide, the solution of phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride or the solution of phosphorus oxychloride at a certain reaction temperature to form a reaction mixture; heating the reaction mixture for vacuum-drying by using a direct program to form phosphorylethanolamine or phosphorylethanolamine hydrochloride; and dissolving the reaction product into water in a certain amount and then adding ethanolamine or the ethanolamine solution, wherein the mass ratio of the reaction product to the water in the certain amount is 1:1-100. As the water serves as a solvent, the method of the invention ensures high yield, vast raw material sources, low production cost, simple, safe and rational process, short production cycle and high purity of the prepared product, and avoids wastewater, waste gases and waste residues.

A self-assembled discoidal PNA delivery vehicle includes a zwitterionic short chain diacyl lipid, a zwitterionic long chain diacyl lipid, a charged long chain diacyl lipid, a PEGylated lipid of the formula distearoyl phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)-PEGn-TG, and an encapsulated PNA molecule with a defined molar ratio of the zwitterionic long chain diacyl lipid and the charged long chain diacyl lipid to the short chain diacyl lipid, the molar ratio of the charged long chain diacyl lipid to the zwitterionic long chain diacyl lipid, molar % of the PEGylated lipid to all lipids, and ratio of PNA to lipid. Also described are method of self-assembling the discoidal PNA delivery vehicle and methods of enhancing cellular uptake of PNA using the discoidal PNA delivery vehicle.

Particles formed from an alkai metal or alkaline earth metal and halide, for example, sodium and chloride, are provided. The particles can have a hydrophilic coating or external layer, formed of, for example, a polyether-lipid conjugate. In preferred embodiments, the lipid is a phospholipid, such as a phosphoethanolamine, and the polyether is a polyethylene glycol such as a PEG amine. Methods making the particles by, for example, a microemulsion reaction, are also provided. Pharmaceutical compositions including a plurality of particles and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also disclosed. Typically the compositions include an effective amount of particles to treat a disease or condition, particularly cancer, in a subject in need thereof. The particles are typically nanoparticles, for example, between about 10 nm and 250 nm and can be monodisperse.

The invention relates to application of nebivolol in preparation of an MCR-1 enzyme inhibitor. The nebivolol is verified to be capable of restoring the antibacterial activity of polymyxin to mcr-1 positive escherichia coli through a trace broth dilution method. Furthermore, the nebivolol is verified to be capable of inhibiting the transfer activity of MCR-1 protein to phosphoethanolamine through athin layer chromatography. Therefore, the nebivolol and the polymyxin are combined for application, an experimental basis is provided for a new strategy for treating mcr-1 positive drug-resistant bacteria, and the nebivolol has important research value for solving the problem of drug resistance.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a turquoise blue water-soluble dye. The preparation method comprises the following steps of carrying out sulfonation reaction, chlorination reaction and after-treatment on chlorosulfonic acid and copper phthalocyanine which are taken as raw materials to obtain turquoise blue base filter cakes; adding water into the turquoise blue base filter cakes, pulping, adjusting the pH to be 5-5.5, adding phosphorylethanolamine, and reacting until the pH is 2.5-3 to obtain a reaction liquid I; adding a para-ester solution into the reaction liquid I and adding disodium hydrogen phosphate to control the pH to 6-7 to obtain a reaction liquid II after disodium hydrogen phosphate is completely consumed; decreasing the pH of the reaction liquid II to 5.5, adding N,N-dimethylformamide, adjusting the temperature to 25-35 DEG C, maintaining the pH to 5.5-6 with an aqueous solution of M2CO3 and reacting until the pH is changed by 0.1 to obtain a reaction solution III; and finally adding dispersants NNO and MF, standardizing and carrying out after-treatment to obtain the turquoise blue water-soluble dye.

The invention provides a preparation method of 1, 2-dioleoyl-SN-glycerol-3-phosphorylethanolamine, which comprises the following specific steps: step S1, carrying out nucleophilic substitution reaction on (S)-glyceryl acetonide and diphenyl chlorophosphate under the action of first alkali to obtain [(R)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-yl] diphenyl methyl phosphate, and carrying out condensation reaction on the [(R)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-yl] diphenyl methyl phosphate under the action of second alkali to obtain [(R)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-yl] diphenyl methyl phosphate; s2, carrying out a ring-opening reaction on the [(R)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-yl] diphenyl methyl phosphate under the action of a first acid, so as to obtain (R)-2, 3-dihydroxypropyl diphenyl phosphate, and carrying out a ring-opening reaction on the [(R)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-yl] diphenyl methyl phosphate under the action of a second acid, so as to obtain (R)-2, 3-dihydroxypropyl diphenyl phosphate; s3, the (R)-2, 3-dihydroxypropyl diphenyl phosphate and oleic acid are subjected to a condensation reaction under the action of a condensing agent, and 1, 2-dioleoyl-SN-glycerol-3-diphenyl phosphate is obtained; and step S4, enabling the 1, 2-dioleoyl-SN-glycerol-3-diphenyl phosphate to react with ethanolamine under the action of a second alkali, and then, carrying out hydrolysis under an acidic condition, so as to obtain the 1, 2-dioleoyl-SN-glycerol-3-phosphorylethanolamine.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for increasing the nutritional value of plants and plant parts. In illustrative embodiments PEAMT and ΔPEAMT polynucleotide and polypeptide compositions are disclosed as well as their use in modulating the levels of lipid compounds, and particularly, regulating the level of phosphatidylcholine, and its precursors in plants and seeds derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods for modulating the level of glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate in cells, and increasing the tolerance of transformed plants to osmotic and cryogenic stress.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a delivery system for crossing the blood-brain barrier and specifically targeting glioma therapeutic drugs, comprising the following steps: step 1) preparation of NK cell membrane: adding NK cells to cells containing protease inhibitors In the lysis buffer, through ultrasonic centrifugation, NK cell membrane is obtained; Step 2) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol) 2000] ( Ammonium salt) and drugs are added into pure water, ultrasonicated to obtain liposome nanoparticles; step 3) NK cell membrane and liposome nanoparticles are co-extruded through a polycarbonate membrane with a pore size of 220 nm to form NK cell biomimetic nanocarriers. The NK cell biomimetic nanocarrier prepared by the invention is a delivery system for crossing the blood-brain barrier and specifically targeting glioma therapeutic drugs.

The invention discloses biomarkers in osteopeptide intervention treatment of osteoporosis, including lipids and lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives and / or neurotransmitter substances, and lipids and lipid molecules are the following substances Any one or several: taurine, arachidonic acid, 1‑palmitoyl‑2‑hydroxy‑sn‑glycerol‑3‑phosphoethanolamine, (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)‑4, 7,10,13,16,19‑docosahexaenoic acid, 1‑stearyl‑2‑hydroxy‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphocholine, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxychole acid and taurocholate. The invention discloses a screening method for osteopeptide anti-osteoporosis biomarkers. The invention discloses the use of biomarkers. The invention provides a demonstration study for the evaluation of the activity and function of natural products, and provides theoretical support for the systematic evaluation of the anti-osteoporosis activity of the bone peptide and the development of the bone peptide product with biological activity.

The present invention relates to a drug delivery vehicle comprising a polydiacetylene liposome, wherein a lipid bilayer is formed by a mixture of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and N-palmitoyl homocysteine (PHC), and a drug to be delivered is encapsulated in an isolated inner space of a polydiacetylene liposome. The PDA liposome drug delivery vehicle of the present invention comprises a lipid layer formed by mixing different phospholipids, excluding polydiacetylene, so as to be stable, and thus any leakage problems of an encapsulated drug are eliminated. In addition, since the liposome is sensitive to a pH, the shape and size thereof can be readily changed through the formation of a liposome-liposome conjugate by the improved sensitivity of the drug delivery vehicle under a specific acidic requirement, thereby enabling selective drug release, and thus can be applied as a drug delivery vehicle for various target materials. Additionally, the release of a drug can be controlled by controlling a pH requirement of the surroundings, and a drug release process can be monitored in real time through the fluorescence expressed by the stimulation to the surroundings.

The invention discloses a preparation method of L-alpha glyceryl phosphorylethanolamine (L-alpha-GPE), belonging to the technical field of development and application of lipid. The method comprises the following steps: using soya phospholipides powder as a raw material, in water phase, using phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to produce L-alpha-GPE; respectively removing cations and anions by using the column chromatography of cation and anion exchange resin, purifying the column chromatography of silica gel, decoloring the active carbon, and conducting vacuum concentration to obtain the colorless and transparent L-alpha-GPE. By conducting HPLC-ELSD analysis, the chemical purity is 99.6%, the recovery rate is 66.5%, and by analysis through a polarimeter, the optical purity ee is 99%, and [alpha]<20>D=-3.26 degrees (H2Ocontent is 15.7%).

The invention discloses an ultralight ultra-amphiphilic type three-dimensional graphene foam material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of adopting graphene oxide and a green and environmental-friendly biochemical reagent phosphorylethanolamine as raw materials, firstly utilizing hydrothermal self-assembly for bonding phosphorylethanolamine molecules between graphene oxide layers, and then carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on a graphene / phosphorylethanolamine compound to obtain the porous three-dimensional graphene foam material with a novel structure characteristic. The three-dimensional graphene foam material obtained through the invention has the characteristics of porosity and light weight, and has a higher infiltration capability on water / oil. Therefore, the graphene foam material provided by the invention can be used as an adsorbent or a catalyst so as to be applied in the fields such as marine oil leakage and water organic pollutant treatment, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional graphene foam material is stable in structure framework, and can be recycled repeatedly. The ultralight ultra-amphiphilic type three-dimensional graphene foam material provided by the invention is simple and practicable in preparation process, wide in raw material source, and favorable in preparation method repeatability, and can adapt to the requirement of industrial production.

The present invention discloses rice fermentation substance and rice bran extract freeze-dried powder. The freeze-dried powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-5.5% of mannitol, 2.5-4% of trehalose, 1.5-2.5% of sodium hyaluronate, 0.03-0.07% of adenosine, 0.03-0.07% of xanthan gum, 1.5-2.5% of amino acid, 1.5-2.5% of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, 1.5-2.5% of lactate, 1-1.5% of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine and 83-86% of water. The preparation method of the freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps of S1, weighing raw materials, stirring the raw materials ata constant speed, and performing heating to obtain a transparent solution I; S2, cooling the transparent solution I; S3, filtering the transparent solution I; S4, weighing the raw materials, adding the raw materials into the transparent solution I, stirring the raw materials at a constant speed, and performing heating to obtain a transparent solution II; S5, cooling the transparent solution II; S6, filtering the transparent solution II; S7, cleaning a penicillin bottle and performing drying sterilization; and S8, filling the penicillin bottle with the transparent solution II, and performing freeze-drying. The freeze-dried powder has the advantages that the effective components are high in stability and difficult to denaturize and inactivate, and the freeze-dried powder is convenient to carry and store.

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials, and discloses a hydroxyapatite nanorod with surface grafted EGCG and a preparation method and application thereof. Firstly, oleic acid and octadecylamine were used as templates to synthesize monodisperse hydroxyapatite with controllable size, and its surface was aminated with phosphoethanolamine, and EGCG was grafted with the amino groups on the surface through amide bonds. The hydroxyapatite-grafted EGCG nanomaterials prepared by this method can induce osteosarcoma cell apoptosis, and have the potential to repair bone defects and support bone growth.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a phosphorylethanolamine compound, which belongs to the technical field of biochemistry. The method comprises the following steps of: adding ethanolamine or ethanolamine solution into one of phosphorus pentoxide, the solution of phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride or the solution of phosphorus oxychloride at a certain reaction temperature to form a reaction mixture; heating the reaction mixture for vacuum-drying by using a direct program to form phosphorylethanolamine or phosphorylethanolamine hydrochloride; and dissolving the reaction product into water in a certain amount and then adding ethanolamine or the ethanolamine solution, wherein the mass ratio of the reaction product to the water in the certain amount is 1:1-100. As the water serves as a solvent, the method of the invention ensures high yield, vast raw material sources, low production cost, simple, safe and rational process, short production cycle and high purity of the prepared product, and avoids wastewater, waste gases and waste residues.

The invention discloses a serum-free culture medium for limbal stem cells and a culture method thereof. It contains basal medium and additional components; wherein, the additional components include: human recombinant EGF, insulin, 3,3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine, hydrocortisone, forskolin element, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, sodium metasilicate, ammonium metavanadate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, stannous chloride dihydrate, ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 4‑hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, vitamin C, bovine serum albumin, lipid concentrate and serum replacement. The serum-free medium of the present invention does not contain fetal bovine serum and any animal-derived components, can provide sufficient nutrition and a good environment for cell growth and proliferation, effectively replace the role of serum, and the cells grow well, and the purity and stability of the cells are improved. It provides a rapid and stable source of cells for research on the specific mechanism of limbal stem cells and transplantation therapy, and has broad prospects for clinical application.

An immunogenic glycan compound has a poly-beta-1,4-ManNAc repeating-unit structure variably modified with 6-linked phosphoethanolamine and 6-linked phosphoglycerol.

The invention discloses an ultralight ultra-amphiphilic type three-dimensional graphene foam material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of adopting graphene oxide and a green and environmental-friendly biochemical reagent phosphorylethanolamine as raw materials, firstly utilizing hydrothermal self-assembly for bonding phosphorylethanolamine molecules between graphene oxide layers, and then carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on a graphene / phosphorylethanolamine compound to obtain the porous three-dimensional graphene foam material with a novel structure characteristic. The three-dimensional graphene foam material obtained through the invention has the characteristics of porosity and light weight, and has a higher infiltration capability on water / oil. Therefore, the graphene foam material provided by the invention can be used as an adsorbent or a catalyst so as to be applied in the fields such as marine oil leakage and water organic pollutant treatment, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional graphene foam material is stable in structure framework, and can be recycled repeatedly. The ultralight ultra-amphiphilic type three-dimensional graphene foam material provided by the invention is simple and practicable in preparation process, wide in raw material source, and favorable in preparation method repeatability, and can adapt to the requirement of industrial production.

The invention relates to a liquid fermentation culture medium for cordyceps sinensis. In additions to a carbon source, a nitrogen source, metal salts and the like in a common culture medium, the culture medium is further added with phosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine, cholesterol, fatty acid and the like as a growth promoter, so that the cordyceps sinensis can be effectively promoted to form blastospore or hyphal bodies. Bacterial suspension obtained by culture medium fermentation is rich in blastospore or hyphal body growth point, and can be continuously fermented or used as a seed solution for subsequent liquid or solid fermentation, and therefore, the liquid fermentation culture medium is beneficial for improving fermentation production efficiency of the cordyceps sinensis.

Particles formed from an alkai metal or alkaline earth metal and halide, for example, sodium and chloride, are provided. The particles can have a hydrophilic coating or external layer, formed of, for example, a polyether-lipid conjugate. In preferred embodiments, the lipid is a phospholipid such as a phosphoethanolamine, and the polyether is a polyethylene glycol such as a PEG amine. Methods making the particles by, for example, a microemulsion reaction, are also provided. Pharmaceutical compositions including a plurality of particles and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also disclosed. Typically the compositions include an effective amount of particles to treat a disease or condition, particularly cancer, in a subject in need thereof. The particles are typically nanoparticles, for example, between about 10 nm and 250 nm and can be monodisperse.