This invention proposes an on-
orbit autonomous geometric calibration method and
system for wide-field-of-view optical
remote sensing satellites. The method includes: camera imaging and transmitting the captured images to an on-board calibration type autonomous identification module; the on-board calibration type autonomous identification module, combined with
satellite orbit and attitude data, determines whether the camera's
field of view simultaneously images deep space and the ground; if both exist simultaneously, the Earth's edge is extracted as the boundary between
stars and landmarks to delineate their distribution areas; if not, the calibration point type is explicitly determined to be either a
landmark or a star; based on the calibration point type, the corresponding image is transmitted to an on-board stellar autonomous calibration module or an on-board
landmark autonomous calibration module, and geometric calibration parameters are calculated; the calculated calibration parameters are transmitted to an on-board
information processing unit for
satellite imaging. This invention ensures the geometric calibration accuracy across the entire
field of view of the camera; it avoids the process of transmitting
satellite images down to the ground for calculation, thus improving the real-time performance of the calibration parameters.