The present invention relates to a preparation method and an application of a dual-response fluorescent molecular probe for detecting ClO<->/H2S based on hydrogen ion activation. The method comprises the steps of dissolving NBD-Cl in chloroform, adding a hydrazine hydrate-methanol solution, and performing uniform mixing to obtain a product 1; dissolving the product 1 in ethanol, adding benzaldehyde and glacial acetic acid, and conducting refluxing, cooling, precipitation, etc. to obtain the final product. The fluorescent molecular probe is applicable to qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of ClO<->/H2S in biological samples, and detection is sensitive, accurate and fast; the biological samples mainly include gastric juice, gastric mucosa, cells, and so on. The fluorescent molecular probe can be used in the related fields of analytical chemistry, life organic analysis, disease pre-diagnosis and clinical examination.