The invention discloses a refined sugar decolorization treatment device and a decolorization, backwashing, regeneration and cleaning process. An operation system comprises a syrup pump, a decolorization sugar liquid pump, an ion exchange bed group, a dilute sugar liquid tank, a concentrated sugar liquid tank and a decolorized sugar liquid tank. A regeneration system and a reverse regeneration system are communicated with a first pipeline and a second pipeline through pneumatic ball valves and are used for regenerating the ion exchange bed group. The regeneration system comprises a heat exchanger, a heat preservation water tank, a regeneration water pump, a salt dissolving tank, a salt liquid pump, a bag type filter, a desalted water tank, an alkali discharging pump, an alkali storage tank,an alkali metering tank and an alkali metering pump. The reverse regeneration system comprises an ejector, an acid metering box, an acid storage tank and an acid discharging pump which are sequentially communicated. The device has the advantages of small occupied area, no need of external cleaning equipment, good treatment effect, stable removal rate and the like.